Evaluation of a Blended Refuge for Corn Rootworm

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the blended refuge concept against corn rootworms. The treatments evaluated include a pure stand of Herculex XTRA (HXX), a pure stand of Roundup Ready 2 (RR2), a pure stand of RR2 with Force 3G applied overtop, and two treatments with the refuge in a bag concept–one with 95 percent HXX and a 5 percent RR2 blended refuge and the other with 90 percent HXX and a 10 percent RR2 blended refuge.

Genetic characterization of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) orchards and traditional nut varieties in El Bierzo, a glacial refuge and major cultivation site in Northwestern Spain

This paper presents a detailed genetic study of Castanea sativa in El Bierzo, a major nut production region with interesting features. It is located within a glacial refuge at one extreme of the distribution area (northwest Spain); it has a centenary tradition of chestnut management; and more importantly, it shows an unusual degree of genetic isolation. Seven nuclear microsatellite markers were selected to analyze the genetic variability and structure of 169 local trees grafted for nut production. We analyzed in the same manner 62 local nuts. The selected loci were highly discriminant for the genotypes studied, giving a combined probability of identity of 6.1 × 10−6. An unprecedented density of trees was sampled for this project over the entire region, and nuts were collected representing 18 cultivars marketed by local producers. Several instances of misclassification by local growers were detected. Fixation index estimates and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) data are supportive of an unexpectedly high level of genetic differentiation in El Bierzo, larger than that estimated in a previous study with broader geographical scope but based on limited local sampling (Pereira-Lorenzo et al., Tree Genet Genomes 6: 701–715, 2010a). Likewise, we have determined that clonality due to grafting had been previously overestimated. In line with these observations, no significant spatial structure was found using both a model-based Bayesian procedure and Mantel’s tests. Taken together, our results evidence the need for more fine-scale genetic studies if conservation strategies are to be efficiently improved.

Restoration Efforts and Prairie Dog Management at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge

The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge is being re-seeded to native shortgrass prairie, but the effects of prairie dog colonization on some sites may be limiting successful native plant establishment. This Capstone Project compares vegetation monitoring data and prairie dog distributions in four refuge sites to evaluate the effects of prairie dog colonization on restoration. In general, native plant abundance has increased on study plots since initiation of restoration. Localized changes in plant abundance have occurred among transects, but prairie dog densities could not be correlated with the changes. Future prairie dog expansion is cause for concern due to intensified burrowing and grazing effects. Seven recommendations are presented to aid future restoration efforts.

Izembek National wildlife refuge (N.W.R.) : environmental impact statement.

Mode of access: Internet.

The city of refuge /

Publisher's advertisements: [1] p. on half t.p. verso of each volume.

Migratory bird refuge act : hearings ... Sixty-ninth Congress, first session on H.R. 7479, a bill for the purpose of more effectively meeting the obligations of the existing migratory bird treaty with Great Britain ... February 15, 1926.

"Serial G"

Refuge leaflet

Many numbers issued in revised editions

Environmental assessment : master plan for Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Chatham, Massachusetts.

"February 1988."

A chapter in the history of the Philadelphia House of refuge,

Mode of access: Internet.

Effects of the 1976 Seney National Wildlife Refuge wildfire on wildlife and wildlife habitats /

Mode of access: Internet.

Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge Complex : comprehensive conservation plan and environmental assessment /

Cover title.

Air concentrations of PCBs and metals at Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge /

"May 1995"--Cover.

Ecotoxicological evaluation of area 9 landfill at Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge : biological impact and residues /

"HWRIC RR-062."

An address delivered before the citizens of Philadelphia at the House of Refuge on Saturday, the twenty-ninth of November, 1828 /

The House of Refuge was incorporated in 1826 for the reformation of juvenile delinquents in Philadelphia.