A concept for hip prosthesis identification using ultra wideband radar

Ultra wideband (UWB) radar has been extensively investigated both theoretically and practically for the identification buried artifacts. Ground probe radar (GPR) concentrates on the identification of lightly buried land mines, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and archeological targets. The same technology is proposed in a similar context for the rapid identification of in vivo implanted metallic prostheses. The technique is based on resonance based target identification and the paper investigates UWB scattering from a metallic hip prosthesis in free space as a first step in the identification process.

Caratterizzazione sperimentale di sistemi di localizzazione a banda ultra-larga

Il processo di localizzazione risponde all'esigenza dell'uomo di avere una percezione sempre più dettagliata e precisa del contesto in cui si trova, con l'intento di migliorare e semplificare l'interazione con oggetti e cose ivi presenti. L'idea attuale è quella di progettare sistemi di posizionamento con particolare riguardo agli ambienti indoor, caratterizzati da proprietà e densità di elementi che limitano fortemente le prestazioni dei consolidati sistemi di tracking, particolarmente efficienti in spazi aperti. Consapevole di questa necessità, il seguente elaborato analizza le prestazioni di un sistema di localizzazione sviluppato dall'Università di Bologna funzionante in tecnologia Ultra-Wide Bandwidth (UWB) e installato nei laboratori DEI dell'Alma Mater Studiorum con sede a Cesena. L'obiettivo è quello di caratterizzare l'accuratezza di localizzazione del sistema, suggerendo nuovi approcci operativi e de�finendo il ruolo dei principali parametri che giocano nel meccanismo di stima della posizione, sia in riferimento a scenari marcatamente statici sia in contesti in cui si ha una interazione dinamica degli oggetti con lo spazio circostante. Una caratteristica della tecnologia UWB è, infatti, quella di limitare l'errore di posizionamento nel caso di localizzazione indoor, grazie alle caratteristiche fisiche ed elettriche dei segnali, aprendo nuovi scenari applicativi favorevoli in termini economici, energetici e di minore complessità dei dispositivi impiegati.

Caratterizzazione sperimentale di sistemi di comunicazione UWB

Questo elaborato presenta la caratterizzazione sperimentale di un sistema di comunicazione e localizzazione della DecaWave. Il sistema analizzato �è il kit EVK1000, che permette di e�ffettuare stime di distanza tra due nodi e una comunicazione robusta ai disturbi e immune alla propagazione multicammino grazie alla tecnologia UWB.

Design and implementation of a non-destructive defect detection technique based on UWB-SAR imaging

In the last twenty years aerospace and automotive industries started working widely with composite materials, which are not easy to test using classic Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI) techniques. Pairwise, the development of safety regulations sets higher and higher standards for the qualification and certification of those materials. In this thesis a new concept of a Non-Destructive defect detection technique is proposed, based on Ultrawide-Band (UWB) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging. Similar SAR methods are yet applied either in minefield [22] and head stroke [14] detection. Moreover feasibility studies have already demonstrated the validity of defect detection by means of UWB radars [12, 13]. The system was designed using a cheap commercial off-the-shelf radar device by Novelda and several tests of the developed system have been performed both on metallic specimen (aluminum plate) and on composite coupon (carbon fiber). The obtained results confirm the feasibility of the method and highlight the good performance of the developed system considered the radar resolution. In particular, the system is capable of discerning healthy coupons from damaged ones, and correctly reconstruct the reflectivity image of the tested defects, namely a 8 x 8 mm square bulge and a 5 mm drilled holes on metal specimen and a 5 mm drilled hole on composite coupon.

Applications of Microwave Antenna Array for Wireless Power Transmission and Radar Imaging in Complex Environment

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Simulazioni Monte Carlo delle proprietà ottiche di un rivelatore per misure di flusso di neutroni ad alta energia

I neutroni possono essere classificati in base all'energia e per anni lo studio sui neutroni si è focalizzato verso le basse energie, ottenendo informazioni fondamentali sulle reazioni nucleari. Lo studio per i neutroni ad alta energia (E >20 MeV) ha ultimamente suscitato un vivo interesse, poiché i neutroni hanno un ruolo fondamentale in una vasta gamma di applicazioni: in campo medico, industriale e di radioprotezione. Tuttavia le informazioni sperimentali (sezioni d'urto) in nostro possesso, in funzione dell'energia dei neutroni, sono limitate, considerando che richiedono la produzione di fasci con un ampio spettro energetico e delle tecniche di rivelazione conforme ad essi. La rivelazione dei neutroni avviene spesso attraverso il processo di scintillazione che consiste nell'eccitazione e diseccitazione delle molecole che costituiscono il rivelatore. Successivamente, attraverso i fotomoltiplicatori, la luce prodotta viene raccolta e convertita in impulsi energetici che vengono registrati ed analizzati. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di testare quale sia la migliore configurazione sperimentale di un rivelatore costituito da scintillatori e fotomoltiplicatori per quanto riguarda la raccolta di luce, utilizzando una simulazione Monte Carlo per riprodurre le proprietà ottiche di un rivelatore per misure di flusso di un rivelatore ad alta energia.

Imaging of buried targets with ground penetrating radar

Diffraction tomographic imaging is applied to the imaging of shallowly buried targets with multi-bistatic arrays of transmitters and receivers.

A parametric study of imaging subsurface objects using ground penetrating radar

A parametric study was carried out to investigate the effects on reconstructed images from a ground penetrating radar (GPR) due to (a) the centre frequency of the GPR excitation pulse, (b) the height of transmitting and receiving antennas above ground level, and (c) the proximity of the buried objects. An integrated software package was developed to streamline the computer simulation based on synthetic data generated by GPRMax.

Theory of radar imaging using time-frequency distribution

The concept of radar was developed for the estimation of the distance (range) and velocity of a target from a receiver. The distance measurement is obtained by measuring the time taken for the transmitted signal to propagate to the target and return to the receiver. The target's velocity is determined by measuring the Doppler induced frequency shift of the returned signal caused by the rate of change of the time- delay from the target. As researchers further developed conventional radar systems it become apparent that additional information was contained in the backscattered signal and that this information could in fact be used to describe the shape of the target itself. It is due to the fact that a target can be considered to be a collection of individual point scatterers, each of which has its own velocity and time- delay. DelayDoppler parameter estimation of each of these point scatterers thus corresponds to a mapping of the target's range and cross range, thus producing an image of the target. Much research has been done in this area since the early radar imaging work of the 1960s. At present there are two main categories into which radar imaging falls. The first of these is related to the case where the backscattered signal is considered to be deterministic. The second is related to the case where the backscattered signal is of a stochastic nature. In both cases the information which describes the target's scattering function is extracted by the use of the ambiguity function, a function which correlates the backscattered signal in time and frequency with the transmitted signal. In practical situations, it is often necessary to have the transmitter and the receiver of the radar system sited at different locations. The problem in these situations is 'that a reference signal must then be present in order to calculate the ambiguity function. This causes an additional problem in that detailed phase information about the transmitted signal is then required at the receiver. It is this latter problem which has led to the investigation of radar imaging using time- frequency distributions. As will be shown in this thesis, the phase information about the transmitted signal can be extracted from the backscattered signal using time- frequency distributions. The principle aim of this thesis was in the development, and subsequent discussion into the theory of radar imaging, using time- frequency distributions. Consideration is first given to the case where the target is diffuse, ie. where the backscattered signal has temporal stationarity and a spatially white power spectral density. The complementary situation is also investigated, ie. where the target is no longer diffuse, but some degree of correlation exists between the time- frequency points. Computer simulations are presented to demonstrate the concepts and theories developed in the thesis. For the proposed radar system to be practically realisable, both the time- frequency distributions and the associated algorithms developed must be able to be implemented in a timely manner. For this reason an optical architecture is proposed. This architecture is specifically designed to obtain the required time and frequency resolution when using laser radar imaging. The complex light amplitude distributions produced by this architecture have been computer simulated using an optical compiler.

UWB antenna array for wireless transmission along corridors

A 2-element elliptical patch antenna array with a bi-directional radiation pattern has been developed for ultra wideband indoor wireless communications. The array is constructed by means of feeding two omni-directional elliptical patch elements with a 3-section hybrid power divider. Experimental results show that the array has a stable radiation pattern and low return loss over a broad bandwidth of 64% (3.1 - 6 GHz).