Whose peace? Local ownership and UN peacebuilding

In recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on the participation of national actors in United Nations peace operations, reflecting what has become a near orthodox commitment to ‘local ownership.’ Advocates of local ownership assert that it: (1) increases the legitimacy of UN peacebuilding efforts; (2) increases the sustainability of peacebuilding activities after the departure of the UN; and (3) increases democratic governance in post-conflict states. While such thinking about local ownership has informed UN peacebuilding policy to a large extent, the UN has, to date, assumed these positive benefits without critically examining the causal mechanisms that allegedly produce them, specifying the conditions under which this correlation holds, or providing convincing evidence for these assertions. Moreover, exactly what local ownership is, what is being owned, and who local ‘owners’ are remain unclear. Indeed a closer examination of ownership’s relation with legitimacy, sustainability, and democratization reveal a plethora of contradictions that imply that local ownership may in fact decrease the UN’s ability to deliver peacekeeping results. Crucially, however, the UN persists in adopting a local ownership approach to peacebuilding, suggesting that it does so because it is normatively appropriate rather than operationally effective.

Contemporary security and strategy

Brings together a range of specially-commissioned chapters to provide an accessible introduction to security studies in the 21st century. The second edition has been expanded to cover developments in global and regional security; nuclear proliferation; terrorism; intervention and peacekeeping. C. Snyder, Deaking Uni.

Transformational analysis of the national interest

This thesis explains the independence of East Timor by investigating the idea of "national interest". It shows how the policymakers' "national interest" calculations were opposed by a transnational solidarity movement. It concludes that the Australian government was compelled to deploy peacekeepers despite its best efforts to the contrary.

Sudan's Darfur : peace or more war on the horizon?

This year marks Sudan’s fiftieth year of independence. Unfortunately, it has very little to celebrate. Sudan, the largest country in Africa is best known for its long history of maladministration, human rights abuses, coups d’état, and for the past three years a ruthless government-backed assault on the people of Darfur in western Sudan.

Written by Dr Claude Rakisits, a consultant focusing on developments in Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, the paper examines the latest developments in Darfur and the factors that will determine whether there will finally be peace for the people of Darfur and the Australian Government’s policy options for contributing to a possible UN peacekeeping operation in Darfur.

A transformational analysis of the national interest

This thesis explains the independence of East Timor by investigating the idea of "national interest". It shows how the policymakers' "national interest" calculations were opposed by a transnational solidarity movement. It concludes that the Australian government was compelled to deploy peacekeepers despite its best efforts to the contrary.

Serving in Bosnia made me appreciate living in Bristol: stressful experiences, attitudes, and psychological needs of members of the United Kingdom Armed Forces

Peacekeeping operations form an increasing part of the role of the U.K. Armed Forces. This study identified perceived needs for training before such operations, experiences of stress during deployments, beliefs and attitudes regarding psychological support and debriefing on return, general attitudes toward peacekeeping duties, and positive aspects of the peacekeeping role. Although nearly all peacekeepers were exposed to a variety of experiences, most perceived stress came from professional difficulties and frustrations with the occupational role of being a peacekeeper, rather than from dangerous situations. The exception was a significant fear of land mines. For many, peacekeeping had a positive impact on soldiers' lives, most commonly an appreciation of "things back home." Respondents' opinions about the peacekeeping experience vary greatly. Additional training addressing and exploring potential conflicts between the traditional role of the soldier and the role of the peacekeeper may be useful.

Do military peacekeepers want to talk about their experiences? Perceived psychological support of UK military peacekeepers on return from deployment

Background: Little is known about what support the United Kingdom (UK) armed forces require when they return from operations. Aims: To investigate the perceived psychological support requirements for service personnel on peacekeeping deployments when they return home from operations and examine their views on the requirement for formal psychological debriefings. Methods: A retrospective cohort study examined the perceived psychological needs of 1202 UK peacekeepers on return from deployment. Participants were sent a questionnaire asking about their perceived needs relating to peacekeeping deployments from April 1991 to October 2000. Results: Results indicate that about two-thirds of peacekeepers spoke about their experiences. Most turned to informal networks, such as peers and family members, for support. Those who were highly distressed reported talking to medical and welfare services. Overall, speaking about experiences was associated with less psychological distress. Additionally, two thirds of the sample was in favour of a formalised psychological debriefing on return to the UK. Conclusions: This study suggests that most peacekeepers do not require formalised interventions on homecoming and that more distressed personnel are already accessing formalised support mechanisms. Additionally social support from peers and family appears useful and the UK military should foster all appropriate possibilities for such support. Declaration of Interest: The Stage 1 study was funded by the US Department of Defence (DoD) and the follow up study by the Medical Research Counsel (MRC). Neither the DoD nor MRC had any input into the design, conduct, analysis or reporting of the study. The views expressed are not those of any US or UK governmental organisation. We thank Mr Nick Blatchley of MOD for help in identifying the cohorts.

Trabalho emocional dos militares do Exército Brasileiro nas missões de paz das Nações Unidas

O trabalho emocional (TE) foi um conceito cunhado por Hochshild em 1983, significando o gerenciamento das emoções próprias ou do outro para apresentar uma face exigida pela organização. Os estudos sobre o TE se desenvolveram em vários sentidos, principalmente em relação às metodologias de pesquisa, questões de gênero e as suas consequências. A presente pesquisa, relacionada a esta última linha, confirmou a aplicabilidade do modelo de causa e efeito de Newman, Guy e Mastracci (2008) no TE executado por militares do Exército Brasileiro (EB) nas missões de paz das Nações Unidas, utilizando-se da metodologia das equações estruturais. A análise qualitativa dos dados também permitiu identificar especificidades: a dimensão mais importante do TE naquele contexto está relacionada ao gerenciamento do relacionamento interpessoal dos subordinados pelos chefes.

10 anos de MINUSTAH: uma avaliação de suas consequências políticas para o Brasil

A literatura Operações de Paz é farta de exemplos de análise de desempenho de uma operação. Essas análises observam o cumprimento do mandato, ou os efeitos no Estado hospedeiro. Mas poucos estudos, tratam das consequências dessa participação para os Estados que enviam tropas. Tentando ajudar a preencher essa lacuna, esta dissertação pretende entender se a participação e o protagonismo brasileiro na Missão das Nações Unidas para a Estabilização do Haiti - MINUSTAH ajudaram o Brasil a alcançar seus objetivos. Utilizando uma abordagem mista, foram analisados dados de contribuição de tropas, orçamentos, documentos oficiais e, por fim, foram realizadas 08 entrevistas com militares e especialistas civis. Com base no modelo de objetivos estatais aplicado, se estudou se a presença no Haiti permitiu ao Brasil sinalizar seus objetivos para a comunidade internacional, reformar suas instituições, as militares entre elas, e se havia necessidades orçamentárias para contribuir para a missão. As evidências analisadas levam a crer que o saldo da missão é misto. Embora alguns aspectos demonstrem definitivas melhorias, outros são irrelevantes ou sofrem com a manutenção da cultura militar antiquada.

El aporte de las Naciones Unidas a la globalización de la ética: revisión de algunas oportunidades

Incluye Bibliografía

Post-conflict peace-building: a challenge for the United Nations

Includes bibliography

Consolidación de la paz después de los conflictos: un desafío para las Naciones Unidas

Incluye Bibliografía

Manutenção da paz e resolução de conflitos: respostas das Nações Unidas aos conflitos armados intra-estatais na década de 1990

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estratégias de igualdade de gênero nas operações de paz: desconstrução de discursos e reflexões sobre práticas generificadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)