Lócus de controle e conceito de maternidade e paternidade em adolescentes

Locus of control is a construct that seeks to explain people's perceptions about the source of control of events, if the subject's own - internal - or belonging to some element outside of oneself - external. The location of individual s locus of control will suffer influence of their developmental period. During adolescence, individuals turn to the construction of their identity, and the structuring of sexual identity is a relevant part of this process, since the roles of males and females are the most important from the socio-cultural point of view. One of the roles that adolescents can take is the mother or father. We chose to head the adolescents who are not mothers and fathers, and question them about their concepts of parenthood. It is hypothesized that adolescents with internal locus of control will probably develop concepts of maternity and paternity in which they attach to themselves the responsibility for children. The aim of this study was to relate the locus of control s predominant dimension in adolescence and the way that these young people conceptualize parenthood. This is an exploratory analytical cross-sectional study accomplished with 400 adolescents from the classes of the sixth to ninth grade of high school at public schools in Natal / RN. We used as protocols: structured questionnaire involving sociodemographic questions and questions about the concept of parenthood, and the Multifactorial Scale of Locus of Control. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with the aid of statistical package SPSS 18.0. The results regarding questions about the concept of maternity and paternity were analyzed using the analysis program often ALCESTE 4.7. The results showed that for boys and girls, maternity and paternity were characterized by the acquisition and assumption of responsibilities of adulthood. This concept is supported by the locus of control s classification of individuals, since most of the subjects of this study was characterized as individuals who tend to take responsibility for their life's events. For young people from lower classes (as the subjects of this research), the project of autonomy and social mobility is realized by the constitution of his own family and the ability to sustain it

Desvelando a família homoparental: um estudo sobre os relatos de casais homossexuais com filhos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dads, Daughters, And Disney: The Historical Trajectory Of Fairy Tale Fathers And Daughters

In my thesis I use a historical approach to close readings of fairy tale texts and movies to study the evolution of fathers, daughters, and marriage within three landmark tales: ¿Cinderella,¿ ¿Sleeping Beauty,¿ and ¿Snow White.¿ Using the works of Giambattista Basile, Charles Perrault, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, and Walt Disney and his cohort of animators, I trace the historical trajectory of these three elements, analyzing both the ways they change and develop as history progresses as well as the ways they remain consistent. Through close and comparative readings of primary sources and films, I demonstrate the power structures and familial dynamics evident through the interactions of fathers and daughters. Specifically, I show that through the weakness and ineptitude of fairy tale fathers, fairy tale daughters are able to gain power, authority, and autonomy by using magic and marriage to navigate patriarchal systems. The work I have done is important because it explores how each tale is a product of the story before it and thus that in order for these tales to continue to survive the test of time, we must not only recognize the validity of the academic merit of the Disney stories, but also remember them and others as we forge new paths in the stories we use to teach both children and parents. Specifically, this work is important because it explores the historical trend evident in the evolving relationships between fathers and daughters. This relationship ultimately it reveals the deep underlying need for family within all of us.

Commentary on "A Needs Assessment Examining Low-Income Fathers’ Barriers to Participation in Parenting Programs"

The article provides insight on issues serving as barriers to low-income fathers' involvement with their children and with parenting programs.

Low-Income Fathers’ Barriers to Participation in Family and Parenting Programs

This exploratory study used semi-structured focus groups to examine: 1) where and from whom fathers obtain information about parenting; 2) the types of parenting services men are aware of, and their attitudes about participating in such services; and 3) fathers’ perceived norms about the acceptability and utility of various parenting practices. Low-income men (N = 17) were recruited from a human services agency in Detroit, Michigan. Four major themes emerged. First was the need for male-focused community resources for fathers. Second was that men were aware of and used positive disciplinary strategies. Third was emphasis on fathers’ positive and effective communication, with male children in particular. Finally, men suggested that constructive and concrete activities, such as engaging with children in activities or mentorship programs with other adult men in the community, were preferable to traditional parenting class such as those offered through Child Protective Services.

The dual impact of gender and the influence of timing of parenthood on men’s and women’s career development: Longitudinal findings

This study investigated the impact of gender, the gender-related self-concept (agency and communion), and the timing of parenthood on objective career success of 1,015 highly educated professionals. Hypotheses derived from a dual-impact model of gender and career-related processes were tested in a 5-wave longitudinal study over a time span of 10 years starting with participants’ career entry. In line with our hypotheses we found that the communal component of the gender self-concept had an impact on parenthood, and the agentic component influenced work hours and objective career success (salary, status) of both women and men. Parenthood had a negative direct influence on women’s work hours and a negative indirect influence on women’s objective career success. Women who had their first child around career entry were relatively least successful over the observation period. Men’s career success was independent of parenthood. Sixty-five percent of variance in women’s career success and 33% of variance in men’s career success was explained by the factors analyzed here. Mothers with partners working full time reduced their work hours more than mothers with partners not working full time. A test for a possible reverse influence of career success on the decision to become a parent revealed no effect for men and equivocal effects for women. We conclude that the transition to parenthood still is a crucial factor for women’s career development both from an external gender perspective (expectations, gender roles) and from an internal perspective (gender-related self-concept).

Of missing fathers and Big Fish: reconstructive tendencies after postmodernism

Many things have been said about literature after postmodernism, but one point there seems to be some agreement on is that it does not turn its back radically on its postmodernist forerunner, but rather generally continues to heed and value their insights. There seems to be something strikingly non-oedipal about the recent aesthetic shift. It is a project of reconstruction that remains deeply rooted in postmodernist tenets. Such an essentially non-oedipal attitude, I would argue, is central to the nature of the reconstructive shift. This, however, also raises questions about the wider cultural context from which such an aesthetic stance arises. If postmodernism was nurtured by the revolutionary spirits of the late 1960s, reconstruction faces a different world with different strategies. Instead of the postmodernist urge to subvert, expose and undermine, reconstruction yearns towards tentative and fragile intersubjective understanding, towards responsibility and community. Instead of revolt and rebellion it explores reconciliation and compromise. One instance in which this becomes visible in reconstructive narratives is the recurring figure of the lost father. Missing father figures abound in recent novels by authors like Mark Z. Danielewski, Dave Eggers, Yann Mantel, David Mitchell etc. It almost seems like a younger generation is yearning for the fathers which postmodernism has struggled hard to do away with. My paper will focus on one particularly striking example to explore the implications of this development: Daniel Wallace’s novel Big Fish and Tim Burton’s well-known film adaptation of the same. In their negotiation of fact and fiction, of doubt and belief, of freedom and responsibility, all of which converge in a father-son relationship, they serve well to illustrate central characteristics and concerns of recent attempts to leave postmodernism behind.

Gay Parenthood and the Revolution of the Modern Family: An Examination of the Unique Barriers Confronting Gay Adoptive Parents

Abstract: In recent decades, the structure of the American family has been revolutionized to incorporate families of diverse and unconventional compositions. Gay and lesbian couples have undoubtedly played a crucial role in this revolution by establishing families through the tool of adoption. Eleven adoptive parents from the state of Connecticut were interviewed to better conceptualize the unique barriers gay couples encounter in the process adoption. Both the scholarly research and the interview data illustrate that although gay couples face enormous legal barriers, the majority of their hardship comes through social interactions. As a result, the cultural myths and legal restrictions that create social hardships for gay adoptive parents forge a vicious and discriminatory cycle of marginalization that American legal history illustrates is best remedied through judicial intervention at the Supreme Court level. While judicial intervention, alone, cannot change the reality of gay parenthood, I argue that past judicial precedent illustrates that such change can serve as a tool of individual, political, and legal validation for the gay community for obtaining equal rights.

Sayings of the Jewish Fathers : comprising Pirqe Aboth and Pereq R. Meir ; ... with ... specimen pages of the Cambridge University manuscript of the Mishnah 'Jerushalmith' from which the text of Aboth is taken

by Charles Taylor

Modalidades de la diversidad en los vínculos familiares

Se presenta una síntesis del nuevo proyecto de investigación, en el que se propone indagar las Modalidades de la diversidad en el ejercicio de la parentalidad y en la pareja , en dos campos de problemáticas. Una refiere a la diversidad en relación con las múltiples formas que adquieren hoy las configuraciones vinculares familiares. La otra a la diversidad en relación con la conformación sexual de la pareja. Se desarrollan los núcleos conceptuales con que se abordarán dichas problemáticas: origen y transformaciones del patriarcado ; sexualidad y diversidad ; complejización y ampliación de los conceptos del marco teórico que se vienen utilizando desde las anteriores investigaciones: concepto de familia (organización y aspectos estructurales), principios de permanencia y cambio , vínculo , diversidad y parejas parentales del mismo sexo. De investigaciones anteriores se evalúa que persiste la representación de la madre como eje central de la crianza y que el reparto del poder entre madres y padres en la familia y entre varones y mujeres en la sociedad surge con vacilaciones y ambivalencias. Orientará la presente investigación la indagación sobre los modos actuales de expresión de estas representaciones, en familias de organización y configuración de la pareja no convencionales. El análisis de sus transformaciones posibilitará dilucidar su relación con nuevas formas de lazo familiar que den cuenta de la diversidad

Investigaciones sobre temas del desarrollo : Historización y desafíos de la parentalidad

Se historiza el recorrido teórico metodológico realizado en las actividades de investigación y el proceso de construcción de las diferentes líneas generadas. Se muestran los hallazgos de cada trabajo, desarrollando especialmente los de la investigación actual en familias con niños. Como hipótesis central, se considera que la crisis de las significaciones sociales, la declinación de valores, del sentido del deber y de la autoridad, diluye los marcos contenedores de las subjetividades, con efectos en el ser adolescente, hombre, mujer, madre, padre, abuelo, viejo. La metodología cualitativa utilizada, apunta a describir, analizar, interpretar y categorizar, los datos recogidos en base a: entrevistas en profundidad con madres, padres e informantes clave; entrevistas vinculares con parejas parentales, crónicas grupales, relatos de vida. Se concluye que las mutaciones sociohistóricas actuales, producen profundas transformaciones en la organización y funcionamiento familiar, que se evalúan como expresión de la diversidad propia de nuestra época y no como desviaciones del modelo. Se relevan tres modos predominantes de respuestas: 1) claudicación, confusión, incertidumbre y/o funcionamiento disociado; 2) refugio en la repetición de lo instituido , como así mismo, 3) construcción de estrategias innovadoras de habitar las situaciones, junto al ejercicio de una parentalidad compleja

Modalidades de la diversidad en los vínculos familiares

Se presenta una síntesis del nuevo proyecto de investigación, en el que se propone indagar las Modalidades de la diversidad en el ejercicio de la parentalidad y en la pareja , en dos campos de problemáticas. Una refiere a la diversidad en relación con las múltiples formas que adquieren hoy las configuraciones vinculares familiares. La otra a la diversidad en relación con la conformación sexual de la pareja. Se desarrollan los núcleos conceptuales con que se abordarán dichas problemáticas: origen y transformaciones del patriarcado ; sexualidad y diversidad ; complejización y ampliación de los conceptos del marco teórico que se vienen utilizando desde las anteriores investigaciones: concepto de familia (organización y aspectos estructurales), principios de permanencia y cambio , vínculo , diversidad y parejas parentales del mismo sexo. De investigaciones anteriores se evalúa que persiste la representación de la madre como eje central de la crianza y que el reparto del poder entre madres y padres en la familia y entre varones y mujeres en la sociedad surge con vacilaciones y ambivalencias. Orientará la presente investigación la indagación sobre los modos actuales de expresión de estas representaciones, en familias de organización y configuración de la pareja no convencionales. El análisis de sus transformaciones posibilitará dilucidar su relación con nuevas formas de lazo familiar que den cuenta de la diversidad