La négativité en litige : Heidegger, Hegel et l’origine de la négation dialectique

Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous proposons d’explorer la patiente explication que Heidegger a poursuivie avec Hegel à propos de l’origine de la négativité – problème qui s’impose de fait à titre d’« unique pensée d’une pensée qui pose la question de l’être ». Partant du constat d’une affinité insoupçonnée entre les deux penseurs quant au rôle insigne qui doit revenir à la négation en philosophie, nous entendons percer à jour les motifs de la constante fin de non-recevoir que Heidegger oppose néanmoins à la méthode dialectique de son plus coriace adversaire. Afin de rendre justice aux différents rebondissements d’une explication en constante mutation, et qui, de surcroît, traverse l’ensemble de l’œuvre de Heidegger, nous procédons à une division chronologique qui en circonscrit les quatre principaux moments. I. En un premier temps, notre regard se porte ainsi sur l’opposition résolue que le jeune Heidegger manifeste à l’égard de la montée du néo-hégélianisme, au nom d’une appropriation toute personnelle de l’intuitionnisme husserlien. Les transformations auxquelles il soumet la méthode phénoménologique de son maître doivent néanmoins laisser transparaître un furtif emprunt à la dialectique hégélienne, dont le principal mérite serait d’avoir conféré une fonction productrice à la négation. II. Le propos d’Être et temps demeure toutefois bien discret quant à cette dette méthodologique, bien que ses vestiges se laissent exhumer, notamment sous la forme d’une négation contre-déchéante dont l’intervention essentielle ponctue l’analytique existentiale. C’est qu’un désaccord subsiste entre Heidegger et son prédécesseur quant à l’origine ontologique de la néantité, qui semble devoir se dérober à toute forme de sursomption dialectique. III. Loin d’être alors définitivement réglé, le problème de l’origine du négatif rejaillit au cœur d’une nouvelle mouture métaphysique du projet heideggérien, la minant peut-être même en son fond. Il s’agit en l’occurrence de disputer à Hegel une compréhension plus originaire du néant, comprise comme témoignage de la finitude de l’être lui-même et s’inscrivant en faux face à l’accomplissement spécifiquement hégélien de la métaphysique. IV. Des tensions qui ne sont pas étrangères à cette délicate entreprise entraînent toutefois Heidegger sur la voie d’un dépassement de l’onto-théo-logie et de l’achèvement technique que Hegel lui a préparé. Il s’agit dès lors de situer l’origine abyssale du négatif auprès d’un irréductible retrait de l’estre, à l’encontre de l’oubli nihiliste auquel Hegel l’aurait confinée en la résorbant au sein de l’absolue positivité de la présence. Par là même, Heidegger propose un concept de négation qu’il juge plus originaire que son contrepoids dialectique, négation à laquelle il attribue la forme d’une réponse interrogative, patiente et attentive à la réticence hésitante de l’événement appropriant. Mais est-ce suffisant pour soutenir qu’il parvient, en définitive, à se libérer de l’embarras dialectique qui semble coller à sa pensée et qui exige de lui un constant effort de distanciation ? Cette thèse entend contribuer à établir les conditions d’une décision à cet égard.

Detecting Faces in Impoverished Images

The ability to detect faces in images is of critical ecological significance. It is a pre-requisite for other important face perception tasks such as person identification, gender classification and affect analysis. Here we address the question of how the visual system classifies images into face and non-face patterns. We focus on face detection in impoverished images, which allow us to explore information thresholds required for different levels of performance. Our experimental results provide lower bounds on image resolution needed for reliable discrimination between face and non-face patterns and help characterize the nature of facial representations used by the visual system under degraded viewing conditions. Specifically, they enable an evaluation of the contribution of luminance contrast, image orientation and local context on face-detection performance.

Autoridad y legitimación

Este artículo se cuestiona sobre la posibilidad de fundamentación moral de las obligaciones políticas y de la legitimidad de la autoridad, dando una respuesta negativa. Así, se postula que no hay un deber moral de obediencia a la autoridad (política) a la vez que se propone, a partir de allí, una somera defensa del Estado de bienestar.

A negação e o reencontro do objecto pulsional

O autor relê o artigo de Freud «A Negação» a partir do ensino de Jacques Lacan, que no seu retorno à Freud situa e distingue o que da linguagem se destaca como critérios da abordagem estrutural.

Rumo a uma definição positiva de world cinema

However common it has become, the term World Cinema still lacks a proper, positive definition. Despite its all-encompassing, democratic vocation, it is not usually employed to mean cinema worldwide. On the contrary, the usual way of defining it is restrictive and negative, as ‘the non-Hollywood cinema’. Needless to say, negation here translates a positive intention to turn difference from the dominant model into a virtue to be rescued from an unequal competition. However, it unwittingly sanctions the American way of looking at the world, according to which Hollywood is the centre and all other cinemas are the periphery. As an alternative to this model, this chapter proposes: • World Cinema is simply the cinema of the world. It has no centre. It is not the other, but it is us. It has no beginning and no end, but is a global process. World Cinema, as the world itself, is circulation. • World Cinema is not a discipline, but a method, a way of cutting across film history according to waves of relevant films and movements, thus creating flexible geographies. • As a positive, inclusive, democratic concept, World Cinema allows all sorts of theoretical approaches, provided they are not based on the binary perspective.

The zero, the centre and the empty utopia: from Rossellini to Walter Salles

This article examines utopian gestures and inaugural desires in two films which became symbolic of the Brazilian Film Revival in the late 1990s: Central Station (1998) and Midnight (1999). Both evolve around the idea of an overcrowded or empty centre in a country trapped between past and future, in which the motif of the zero stands for both the announcement and the negation of utopia. The analysis draws parallels between them and new wave films which also elaborate on the idea of the zero, with examples picked from Italian neo-realism, the Brazilian Cinema Novo and the New German Cinema. In Central Station, the ‘point zero’, or the core of the homeland, is retrieved in the archaic backlands, where political issues are resolved in the private sphere and the social drama turns into family melodrama. Midnight, in its turn, recycles Glauber Rocha’s utopian prophecies in the new millennium’s hour zero, when the earthly paradise represented by the sea is re-encountered by the middle-class character, but not by the poor migrant. In both cases, public injustice is compensated by the heroes’ personal achievements, but those do not refer to the real nation, its history or society. Their utopian breadth, based on nostalgia, citation and genre techniques, is of a virtual kind, attune to cinema only.

Non-cinema: the location of politics in film

Philosophy has repeatedly denied cinema in order to grant it artistic status. Adorno, for example, defined an ‘uncinematic’ element in the negation of movement in modern cinema, ‘which constitutes its artistic character’. Similarly, Lyotard defended an ‘acinema’, which rather than selecting and excluding movements through editing, accepts what is ‘fortuitous, dirty, confused, unclear, poorly framed, overexposed’. In his Handbook of Inaesthetics, Badiou embraces a similar idea, by describing cinema as an ‘impure circulation’ that incorporates the other arts. Resonating with Bazin and his defence of ‘impure cinema’, that is, of cinema’s interbreeding with other arts, Badiou seems to agree with him also in identifying the uncinematic as the location of the Real. This article will investigate the particular impurities of cinema that drive it beyond the specificities of the medium and into the realm of the other arts and the reality of life itself. Privileged examples will be drawn from various moments in film history and geography, starting with the analysis of two films by Jafar Panahi: This Is Not a Film (In film nist, 2011), whose anti-cinema stance in announced in its own title; and The Mirror (Aineh, 1997), another relentless exercise in self-negation. It goes on to examine Kenji Mizoguchi’s deconstruction of cinematic acting in his exploration of the geidomono genre (films about theatre actors) in The Story of the Last Chrysanthemums (Zangigku monogatari, 1939), and culminates in the conjuring of the physical experience of death through the systematic demolition of film genres in The Act of Killing (Joshua Oppenheimer et al., 2012).

Um Modelo formal e executável de agentes BDI

Modelos BDI (ou seja, modelos Beliefs-Desires-Intentions models) de agentes têm sido utilizados já há algum tempo. O objetivo destes modelos é permitir a caracterização de agentes utilizando noções antropomórficas, tais como estados mentais e ações. Usualmente, estas noções e suas propriedades são formalmente definidas utilizandos formalismos lógicos que permitem aos teóricos analisar, especificar e verificar agentes racionais. No entanto, apesar de diversos sistemas já terem sido desenvolvidos baseados nestes modelos, é geralmente aceito que existe uma distância significativa entre esta lógicas BDI poderosas e sistemas reais. Este trabalho defende que a principal razão para a existência desta distância é que os formalismos lógicos utilizados para definir os modelos de agentes não possuem uma semântica operacional que os suporte. Por “semântica operacional” entende-se tanto procedimentos de prova que sejam corretos e completos em relação à semântica da lógica, bem como mecanismos que realizem os diferentes tipos de raciocínio necessários para se modelar agentes. Há, pelo menos, duas abordagens que podem ser utilizadas para superar esta limitação dos modelos BDI. Uma é estender as lógicas BDI existentes com a semântica operacional apropriada de maneira que as teorias de agentes se tornem computacionais. Isto pode ser alcançado através da definição daqueles procedimentos de prova para as lógicas usadas na definição dos estados mentais. A outra abordagem é definir os modelos BDI utilizando formalismos lógicos apropriados que sejam, ao mesmo tempo, suficientemente poderosos para representar estados mentais e que possuam procedimentos operacionais que permitam a utilizaçao da lógica como um formalismo para representação do conhecimento, ao se construir os agentes. Esta é a abordagem seguida neste trabalho. Assim, o propósito deste trabalho é apresentar um modelo BDI que, além de ser um modelo formal de agente, seja também adequado para ser utilizado para implementar agentes. Ao invés de definir um novo formalismo lógico, ou de estender um formalismo existente com uma semântica operacional, define-se as noções de crenças, desejos e intenções utilizando um formalismo lógico que seja, ao mesmo tempo, formalmente bem-definido e computacional. O formalismo escolhido é a Programação em Lógica Estendida com Negação Explícita (ELP) com a semântica dada pelaWFSX (Well-Founded Semantics with Explicit Negation - Semântica Bem-Fundada com Negação Explícita). ELP com a WFSX (referida apenas por ELP daqui para frente) estende programas em lógica ditos normais com uma segunda negação, a negação explícita1. Esta extensão permite que informação negativa seja explicitamente representada (como uma crença que uma propriedade P não se verifica, que uma intenção I não deva se verificar) e aumenta a expressividade da linguagem. No entanto, quando se introduz informação negativa, pode ser necessário ter que se lidar com programas contraditórios. A ELP, além de fornecer os procedimentos de prova necessários para as teorias expressas na sua linguagem, também fornece um mecanismo para determinar como alterar minimamente o programa em lógica de forma a remover as possíveis contradições. O modelo aqui proposto se beneficia destas características fornecidas pelo formalismo lógico. Como é usual neste tipo de contexto, este trabalho foca na definição formal dos estados mentais em como o agente se comporta, dados tais estados mentais. Mas, constrastando com as abordagens até hoje utilizadas, o modelo apresentanto não é apenas uma especificação de agente, mas pode tanto ser executado de forma a verificar o comportamento de um agente real, como ser utilizado como mecanismo de raciocínio pelo agente durante sua execução. Para construir este modelo, parte-se da análise tradicional realizada na psicologia de senso comum, onde além de crenças e desejos, intenções também é considerada como um estado mental fundamental. Assim, inicialmente define-se estes três estados mentais e as relações estáticas entre eles, notadamente restrições sobre a consistência entre estes estados mentais. Em seguida, parte-se para a definição de aspectos dinâmicos dos estados mentais, especificamente como um agente escolhe estas intenções, e quando e como ele revisa estas intenções. Em resumo, o modelo resultante possui duas características fundamentais:(1) ele pode ser usado como um ambiente para a especificação de agentes, onde é possível definir formalmente agentes utilizando estados mentais, definir formalmente propriedades para os agentes e verificar se estas propriedades são satifeitas pelos agentes; e (2) também como ambientes para implementar agentes.

O que e o método científico: uma reflexão crítica sobre o método científico como subsídio para o ensino das ciências naturais

Ensinar ciência e, acima de tudo, ensinar o método científico e desenvolver a atitude crítica do estudante. Isto significa substituir a visão da ciência como uma coleção de fatos e teorias definitivamente estabelecidos, pela visão da ciência como um conhecimento racional - Porque crítico -, conjectural, provisório, sempre capaz de ser questionado e corrigido. Significa também opor à visão da ciência como uma representação completa e perfeita de fenômenos diretamente observáveis, a visão da ciência como uma reconstrução idealizada e parcial da realidade, que explica o visível pelo invisível. Nessa linha de raciocínio, devemos opor à idéia de uma observação pura e imparcial dos fatos, a ideia da observação guiada por hipóteses e teorias. Ensinar o meto do cientifico é questionar a ideia de que descobrimos e verificamos hipóteses através de procedimentos indutivos, substituindo-a pela ideia de que inventamos conjecturas ousadas, surgidas de nossa imaginação. Essas conjecturas, contudo, deverão ser testadas o mais severamente possível, através de tentativas de refutação que façam uso de experimentos controlados. No lugar da ilusória busca de teorias verificáveis, verdadeiras -ou pelo menos cada vez mais prováveis devemos buscar teorias de maior refutabilidade, cada vez mais amplas, precisas, profundas, de maior grau de corroboração e, talvez, mais próximas da verdade. Finalmente, ensinar o método científico significa também criticar cada uma das visões alternativas de ciência, propondo novos critérios para avaliar hipóteses e teorias científicas. É desnecessário dizer que estes critérios, por sua vez, devem também ser criticados, visto que a ausência de discussão crítica e a aceitação passiva e dogmática de um conjunto de ideias ou teorias e a não ciência, a pseudociência, enfim, a negação do espírito crítico e da racionalidade do homem.

O outro lado de Fausto: um estudo de um programa de educação corporativa a partir da razão dialética

A educação como categoria basilar à modernidade das empresas é uma das temáticas mais debatidas na academia e no cotidiano organizacional. Os programas de educação corporativa são adotados pelas organizações como sustentáculo à competitividade ao gerar maior valor aos ativos intangíveis. Discutir, no entanto, se a concepção desses programas perpassa pelo sentido valorativo e conceitual daquilo que propõe a educação formal é um dos propósitos centrais desenvolvidos nessa pesquisa. Argumenta-se de que forma as forças contraditórias existentes nos programas de educação corporativa garantem, de um lado, maiores oportunidades de crescimento profissional e, de outro, inibem a competência crítica e reflexiva na empresa MARCA S/A (nome fictício). Essa relação dualista e permeada de variabilidade permitiu estudá-lo a partir da razão dialética. Tal vertente metodológica possibilitou a construção sintética e compreensão de seus fatores contributivos por meio da justaposição de tese e antítese que situam-se em condições opostas. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa de campo foram classificados em três categorias próprias ao método escolhido: totalidade, sistema de contradição e negação da negação. Em sua análise, optou-se por realizar uma analogia à obra de Goethe, Fausto, para retratar a realidade vivida tanto pelo seu personagem principal como pelos empregados entrevistados: seu esforço confuso na busca por um ideal incognoscível já que, ao ser encontrado, nunca o satisfaz. Dentro deste contexto essencialmente faustiano, compreende-se o sentido dialético que os movimenta, acomete e surpreende a cada dia nas relações com a empresa pesquisada: da mesma forma que ela os sufoca e limita utilizando-se dos programas de educação corporativa como instrumentos doutrinários; ao mesmo tempo, assegura-lhes, por meio dos mesmos programas, segurança e melhores condições de vida. Dimensões que apresentam-se como contraponto a uma literatura epistemológica funcionalista dominante e consideram um complexo multifacetado que, ao modelo do dramático Fausto, sugerem provocações muito além do bem e do mal.

A representação social do cuidado no Programa Saúde da Família na cidade do Natal

The aim of this study was to learn about the social representations of the care provided by the Family Health Program (FHP) in the city of Natal, Brazil and determine how these representations guide the daily actions of doctors, dentists, nurses, nurse s assistants and oral health assistants during the work process. In this sense, we used the theoreticalmethodological approach to the Theory of Social Representations. For data collection, we used the following instruments: a two-part questionnaire, where the first part recorded sociodemographic data and the second part was adapted to the free word association technique (FWAT), which was applied to 90 professionals belonging to 18 FHP units. Interviews were also used as collection instruments. These were based on inductive stimuli and on direct observations of 30 of these professionals. After a superficial reading of the material, we constructed a corpus from which ten categories emerged. To analyze FWAT we used lexicographic analysis, combining frequency and the mean order of responses. The interviews and sociodemographic variables were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis, respectively. The study showed that the central nucleus of the social representation in question is composed of the elements attention, receptivity and love, revealing that the subjects have different understandings of the FHP care process and that the knowledge accumulated in this respect is supported by an approximate vision of the meaning of care. However, traditional elements with trivializing connotations about care predominate, which compromises the development of strategies to overcome traditional practices. In the set of analyses, we were able to capture the invariance of a contradiction: on one hand, professionals know and affirm the importance of providing care for FHP patients; on the other, the experience of daily practice translates into the negation of this concept. In this contradictory context, professionals build gradual and successive syntheses that allow them to act and affirm themselves by associating information from their academic formation, structured knowledge acquired in other experiences, values and symbols of their daily routine. Thus, they shape and reshape themselves, according to what is concretely and specifically required, at the same time both plural and multiple. The composition of the central nucleus indicates that any measure that intends to modify attitudes that is, the daily actions of FHP professionals with respect to care must take into account and give priority to the debate about the redefining of the semantic fields of the central nucleus (love/attention/receptivity and humanization), especially those of love and attention

O discurso formativo do Biólogo sobre a morte: matizes e metáforas do saber que o sujeito não deseja saber

This study - Biologist s formative speech about death. Nuances and metaphors from knowing that the subject of do not want to know - shows a marginal cognitive construction in scientific education from biologist - death. It considered as obvious that death is a theme that covers both the scientific education from biologist and the division of the subject, and concerns the splitting of the double life-death and the principles of inclusion and exclusion of the subject. Part of sensitive question: What is the epistemological weave who supports biologist's speech about death? It is constituted an object of study of the biologist s speech on death. It is advocated the thesis that: Death is an epistemological obstacle announcing for something always aims to escape from the perspective of knowledge, especially of scientific knowledge because, since it is understood as cognitive learning about the disruption of biological phenomenon life which is involved on weave of imaginary and symbolic constructions about the finiteness of life; it has constituted a metaphorical knowing - encouraged by the noisy silence - which does not allow to know in full, mobilizing hence subject in searching for transitional truths that reduce the ontological being-mortal anguish centered in subjective dimension involved in the act of knowing. From this movement of search that the object mental life after death wins a symbolic value that requires a real-looking multi-referential for the study of biology - life - and its implications: the finiteness of life, especially by moving the omnipotence of scientific objectivity expressed by signs and symbols that seek say the completeness of scientific knowledge-, signaling thus the existence of the dynamics of incompleteness implicit in subjectivity that supports knowledge relating to the double, life and death, and to the temporality of the existence of Homo sapiens sapiens, with the axis guiding the desire of the subject, do not want to know about death, implicit in the mechanisms objective-subjective founded by non-said of death is the epistemology of the existence of objective-subjective subject, whose core is the negation of death. The theoretical methodological knowing web is anchored in the multi-reference which favors a transit by theoretical current, as the Psychoanalysis, bachelardian philosophy, the epistemology of complexity, the Thanatology, the Social Psychology, and Etnocenology, and Understanding Interview. The unveiling of the study object from the analysis of oral speech of eleven biologists who serve in high school, from three main guiding: Death in the history of life,Death in biologist s academic education and, Conceptions about concepts

A dança dos monstros: corpo e estética na arte e na Educação Física

The speeches about the body in interface with the technology, that fulfill the contemporary discussions, have been a stage of innumerable ethical, epistemological, aesthetic and ontological reflections. These happened bodies of the biotechnological scene also invade the dance, making several possible dialogues, making old concepts instable, opening way to revealing explorations and bringing with it implications and reflections. In this context, this research has as objective to discuss relations between body and technology in the dance; to understand the aesthetic configurations of the monster in the dance as possibility to question the body; to establish relations between the monstrous body in the dance and the conceptions of body in the Physical Education. We believe to be able to contribute for the reflection in the field of the Physical Education, since the work visualizes to extend the field of the discussions on aesthetic body and, as well as evidencing dialogues between different areas of the knowledge, as the Art and the Physical Education. From the point of view of the method, the work follows orientation of the Phenomenology for an aesthetic image appreciation of the videos in the choreographies In'perfeito and Violência of Cena 11, Dance Group that has marked new aesthetic configurations in the brazilian dance. Thus, we took for us the reflections on the "significant scenes" proposed by Bicudo (2000), to appreciate the dance of Cena 11. We emphasize that, after the identification of the Significant Scenes, it was necessary to approach these scenes from close senses, from which we detach the appearance, the space and the gesture. We evidence that, the bodies revealed by the group Cena 11, show an aesthetic that it interlaces the beauty, the ugly and the grotesque. An aesthetic of the unharmony, capable to transgress the oppositions, dialoguing with multiple antagonisms and that it amplifies the apollonian aesthetic linear rules, so predominant in the history of the dance and the Physical Education. We identify some indicatives that take us to the problematizations on an affective and anarchic body, when questioning the tyranny of the perfect corporality; the naturalization of the pain; the closed gesture in a finished and unique grammar; the standardization of feminine and masculine roles and the negation of the feeling. From these indicatives, we discuss the aesthetic of the deformed bodies of Cena 11, approaching it of the conceptions of body in the Physical Education, sometimes criticizing the rationalists and naturalistic views, sometimes dialoguing with more recent perspectives studied by researchers of this area of knowledge, which point to a reflection on the body under the optics of the sensible

Sentimentos de profissionais de enfermagem diante da morte de recém-nascidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva

To understand the feelings of nursing professionals when faced with the death of newborn babies in an intensive care unit is the purpose of this investigation. Motivation was triggered by the countless hardships we go through everyday, as professionals, and the scarcity of publications in this specific area of knowledge. The aim is to describe the experience of the nursing professionals and identify their feelings when faced with the death of newborn babies in an intensive care unit. As a methodological procedure, this research is based on a qualitative, phenomenology-focused approach and on the following leading question addressed to the interviewed nurses and nursing technicians who work at the unit: How do you feel when you are faced with the death of a newborn baby in the ICU at which you work? Answers to this question on such phenomenon revealed a diversity of feelings, such as, loss, guilt, failure, negation, compassion, and sorrow, coupled with anguish, fear, and anxiety, resulting in an experience of the sensitive world of everyone. Theoretical support to this analysis was based on works by authors who discuss phenomenology, as well as authors who study the theme of death. An understanding of the phenomenon thus studied enables us to affirm that the death of a newborn baby is, for the nursing professional who takes care of the baby in the space of the ICU, an experience of conflicting, sometimes painful feelings, on account of their complexity. This is true not only in respect of their feelings for the baby, but for the family as well, especially the parents

O conceito de consciência em o ser e o nada de J.-P. Sartre

This current discourse intends to prove how consciousness or Being-for-itself presents the idea that in its operation one can emphasize that it s Nothingness, transience and liberty in Jean-Paul Sartre s work O Ser e o Nada. To testify the proposed idea, the conception that Sartre gives to consciousness, representing nothingness, without any content that is connected to the possessor objects of a transphenomenal existence will be the starting point. This way, consciousness will be analyzed transcendently to the object that it s not, demonstrating its revealer-revealed condition, because it unveils a concrete world that exists against its idea, functioning as the revealer intentionality that there are beings instead of nothingness, obeying the ontological proof defended by Sartre. From this idea, every kind of consciousness will always be consciousness of something, a glance of the world, avoiding the fact that the consciousness could be considered nothing in the world. In order to live its original negation state of the world, apprehending this same world, with the purpose of a knowledge, it needs to be divided in two: the first degree consciousness or previous-reflexive cogito, that turns the proper reflexion possible, because, it s the consciousness proper transphenomenality of being different of all that connected to its existence being only its consequence; and the cogito, responsible to the positioning of the first degree consciousness, while aware of its own consciousness, that is, while being certain that knows. From this point, the way to untangle the consciousness or Being-for-itself will be developed as being Chasm, Liberty and transience. From this idea, it s intended to know how consciousness, that in Sartre s thoughts is originally nothing, could turn into Liberty that is presented in the field of transience? In other words, how these three internal structures imbricate one another to form consciousness in Sartre? First of all, it has to be considered the review of a conduct of human reality, the inquiry, that will be possible to understand how Nothingness exists as the mold of all kind of negation. After this, it will be shown, considering its way of existence, the human reality that is connected to Para-si, determined like nothingness, still is proposed like Liberty. Form this point, it will be possible to gleam how Liberty is lived deeply by Para-si in the shape of chasm, trying to how Para-si turns into nothingness, creating a chasm based on its proper liberty. Then, Liberty will be the proper mechanism used by Para-si to modificate its original chasm. The way Being-for-itself has to build to gain its goal will be projecting in transience, the building of something possible that brings one being back. However, will be demonstrated like Chasm can occupy the moment of a choice turning the decision instant an anguish stage, based on the failing of stability of the Being-for-itself, once nothingness persists in the field of the possibilities that human beings preserves in its essence while being essentially Liberty. From this idea, anguish will be studied as the proper consciousness of Liberty, being bad-faith the attempt of avoid Liberty trying to gain a shelter contradicting the fact that life is done of continual choices