Microinfiltração cervical imediata de dois sistemas adesivos em restaurações ocluso-proximais de resina composta em molares decíduos : estudo in vitro

O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar in vitro a microinfiltração cervical imediata em restaurações ocluso-proximais de resina composta, onde foram utilizados dois sistemas adesivos (Scotchbond Multi Purpose - 3M; Clearfil Mega Bond - Kuraray) através de uma técnica de baixa intensidade de luz polimerizável. Em cada um dos 11 molares decíduos foram confeccionados dois preparos cavitários ocluso-proximais padronizados (um ocluso-mesial e outro ocluso-distal), com o auxílio de uma ponta diamantada cilíndrica de extremidade plana n°2094, (KG Sorensen), fixada a uma caneta de alta rotação sob refrigeração ar/água. Os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados seguindo as instruções do fabricante, um na cavidade ocluso-mesial e outro na ocluso distal, sendo inserida, posteriormente, uma resina composta híbrida (Z250 - 3M) pela técnica incremental LUTZ (1986). O primeiro incremento foi inserido na parede cervical da caixa proximal (sentido horizontal) e fotopolimerizado (fotopolimerizador VIPTM - Bisco) a uma intensidade de 100 mW/cm2 por 60 segundos. Dois outros incrementos foram inseridos diagonalmente na porção vestibular e lingual/palatina, a uma intensidade de 200 mW/cm2, também pelo tempo de 60 segundos. As restaurações foram submetidas a acabamento e polimento com o auxílio de um bisturi lâmina n°12 e com discos Sof-lex Pop-on (3M). Após o acabamento, foi realizada a impermeabilização, em seguida os dentes foram imersos em solução azul de metileno a 0,5% por um período de 24 horas, sendo posteriormente seccionados longitudinalmente no sentido mésio-distal para avaliação da penetração do corante, usando para tal o estereo-microscópio. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística através dos testes Qui-quadrado e o teste não-paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados demonstraram não haver diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois sistemas adesivos testados, podendo-se concluir que a utilização deste protocolo restaurador de cavidades ocluso-proximais com resina composta em molares decíduos resultou em baixos níveis de microinfiltração cervical imediata.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chlamydia trachomatis Cervicitis in Pregnant Women at the Genital Tract Infection in Obstetrics Unit Care at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Brazil

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis in pregnant women seen at the Genital Tract Infection in Obstetrics Unit Care in Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP.Materials and Methods. Between June 2006 and February 2008, 101 pregnant women were included in this study. During the gynecologic examination, cervical secretions were collected using cytobrush Plus GT (CooperSurgical Inc) to assess C. trachomatis using polymerase chain reaction. Vaginal flora were examined by Gram stain, and socio-demographic data were extracted from medical records.Results. of the 101 patients, 26 (25.7%) were positive for C. trachomatis. The median age of the infected group was 24 years (range = 13-40 y), and 48.5% of them had abnormal vaginal flora. The presence of chlamydial infection was associated with smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-7.19), residing in a city with fewer than 100,000 inhabitants (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.03-7.94), presence of condyloma acuminatum (p = .03), and presence of discreet inflammation on Pap smear (p = .02).Conclusions. The prevalence of C. trachomatis is high in pregnant women seen at the Genital Infection Unit Care, UNESP, and is related to many risk factors. Therefore, its screening is extremely important in reducing obstetrical and neonatal complications.

Microleakage of adhesively bonded cervical amalgam restorations

Purpose: To evaluate dye penetration in adhesively bonded cervical amalgam restorations. Materials and Methods: the specimens were randomly divided into four groups and the adhesives Prime & Bond 2. 1, Prime & Bond 2.1 Dual Cure, Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus and Amalgambond Plus were tested. After being restored and polished, the teeth were thermocycled 1,000 times at temperatures varying between 5degreesC +/- 2degreesC and 55degreesC +/- 2degreesC. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons. Results: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus demonstrated lower levels of microleakage in enamel and dentin. The dual adhesives were more effective than the one bottle adhesive.

Macro- and microstructure of the superior cervical ganglion in dogs, cats and horses during maturation

The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) provides sympathetic input to the head and neck, its relation with mandible, submandibular glands, eyes (second and third order control) and pineal gland being demonstrated in laboratory animals. In addition, the SCG's role in some neuropathies can be clearly seen in Horner's syndrome. In spite of several studies published involving rats and mice, there is little morphological descriptive and comparative data of SCG from large mammals. Thus, we investigated the SCG's macro- and microstructural organization in medium (dogs and cats) and large animals (horses) during a very specific period of the post-natal development, namely maturation (from young to adults). The SCG of dogs, cats and horses were spindle shaped and located deeply into the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, close to the distal vagus ganglion and more related to the internal carotid artery in dogs and horses, and to the occipital artery in cats. As to macromorphometrical data, that is ganglion length, there was a 23.6% increase from young to adult dogs, a 1.8% increase from young to adult cats and finally a 34% increase from young to adult horses. Histologically, the SCG's microstructure was quite similar between young and adult animals and among the 3 species. The SCG was divided into distinct compartments (ganglion units) by capsular septa of connective tissue. Inside each ganglion unit the most prominent cellular elements were ganglion neurons, glial cells and small intensely fluorescent cells, comprising the ganglion's morphological triad. Given this morphological arrangement, that is a summation of all ganglion units, SCG from dogs, cats and horses are better characterized as a ganglion complex rather than following the classical ganglion concept. During maturation (from young to adults) there was a 32.7% increase in the SCG's connective capsule in dogs, a 25.8% increase in cats and a 33.2% increase in horses. There was an age-related increase in the neuronal profile size in the SCG from young to adult animals, that is a 1.6-fold, 1.9-fold and 1.6-fold increase in dogs, cats and horses, respectively. on the other hand, there was an age-related decrease in the nuclear profile size of SCG neurons from young to adult animals (0.9-fold, 0.7-fold and 0.8-fold in dogs, cats and horses, respectively). Ganglion connective capsule is composed of 2 or 3 layers of collagen fibres in juxtaposition and, as observed in light microscopy and independently of the animal's age, ganglion neurons were organised in ganglionic units containing the same morphological triad seen in light microscopy. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

A new proposal of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) to work with paraconsistent annotated logic

It can be observed that the number and the complexity of the application's domains, where the Paraconsistent Annotated Logic has been used, have grown a lot in the last decade. This increase in the complexity of the application's domain is an extra challenge for the designers of such systems, once there are not suitable computer hardware to run paraconsistent systems. This work proposes a new hardware architecture for the building Paraconsistent system.

Aggregation-based decomposition for multi-divisional models

The aggregation theory of mathematical programming is used to study decentralization in convex programming models. A two-level organization is considered and a aggregation-disaggregation scheme is applied to such a divisionally organized enterprise. In contrast to the known aggregation techniques, where the decision variables/production planes are aggregated, it is proposed to aggregate resources allocated by the central planning department among the divisions. This approach results in a decomposition procedure, in which the central unit has no optimization problem to solve and should only average local information provided by the divisions.

A multi-objective programming approach for the optimal operation of distributed generation considering uncertainty

Due to the renewed interest in distributed generation (DG), the number of DG units incorporated in distribution systems has been rapidly increasing in the past few years. This situation requires new analysis tools for understanding system performance, and taking advantage of the potential benefits of DG. This paper presents an evolutionary multi-objective programming approach to determine the optimal operation of DG in distribution systems. The objectives are the minimization of the system power losses and operation cost of the DG units. The proposed approach also considers the inherent stochasticity of DG technologies powered by renewable resources. Some tests were carried out on the IEEE 34 bus distribution test system showing the robustness and applicability of the proposed methodology. © 2011 IEEE.

Clinical evaluation of a composite resin and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement in non-carious cervical lesions: One-year results

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of 124 non-carious cervical lesion restorations at 12 months. Materials And Methods: Three study groups were formed according to the material and technique used. All teeth received 37% phosphoric acid etching in enamel and dentin. The teeth of Group I received the conventional adhesive system Scotch Bond Multi Purpose, followed by resin composite Filtek Z350; teeth of Group II were restored with resin-modified glassionomer cement Fuji II LC; teeth of Group III were restored with the same resin-modified glass-ionomer cement-however, before it was inserted, 2 coats of primer of the Scotch Bond Multi Purpose adhesive system were applied to dentinal tissue. The teeth were evaluated by 2 examiners with regard to the factors of retention, marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, color alteration, presence of marginal caries lesion, anatomic shape, and sensitivity. Results: Application of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no statistically significant difference for anatomic shape, marginal discoloration, color alteration, caries lesion, marginal adaptation, and sensitivity among the three study groups, but the variable retention presented statistically significant difference at 12 months, with Group III presenting a behavior superior to that of Group II but similar to that of Group I. Conclusion: The analyzed restorations of non-carious cervical lesions presented a good clinical performance at 12 months. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Adenopatia cervical tuberculosa em crianças: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais

A tuberculose constitui um sério problema de saúde pública, sendo o M. tuberculosis o principal agente da doença no Brasil. Entre as formas extra pulmonares, a ganglionar periférica é uma das mais freqüentes na infância, apesar de pouco estudada. Com o objetivo de avaliar a incidência e conhecer os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e laboratoriais da tuberculose ganglionar foram atendidas no ambulatório do Hospital Ofir Loiola, no período de janeiro de 1995 a dezembro de 1996, 73 crianças entre 0-14 anos, de ambos os sexos, portadoras de linfadenopatia cervical. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: o primeiro constituído por 61 crianças com adenopatias de outras etiologias e o segundo formado de 12 pacientes com etiologia tuberculosa. Nesse período, para as adenopatias tuberculosas, a taxa anual de incidência na área metropolitana de Belém, por 100 mil habitantes, foi de 1,03 e para o grupo de outras etiologias a incidência foi de 4,27 e 6,15 para os anos de 1995 e 1996, respectivamente. Verificou-se que a maioria das adenopatias na infância foram inespecíficas (64,4%), entretanto, quando consideradas somente as de etiologia conhecida, o risco relativo de ser tuberculose foi de 1,17. A análise comparativa entre os dois grupos não revelou diferença estatisticamente significativa no que tange à faixa etária, sexo, estado nutricional, apresentação clínica inicial, cadeias ganglionares comprometidas e características dos linfonodos. Em ambos foi observado maior incidência em pré-escolares e no sexo masculino. O comprometimento do estado nutricional pode ter contribuído para o aumento da morbidade em 41,7% dos casos de tuberculose. A presença de massa cervical constitui a queixa principal nos dois grupos embora durante o exame tenha sido constatado comprometimento ganglionar generalizado em 75,1% das crianças com adenopatia tuberculosa. Quanto à duração dos sintomas, os casos de adenopatia tuberculosa foram atendidos a partir do primeiro mês de doença e tiveram como manifestação clínica abscesso frio em 25% dos casos. A fonte de infecção foi identificada em 1/3 dos pacientes. A reação tuberculínica com leitura >10mm foi positiva em 63,6% das crianças tuberculosas. Entre os exames bacteriológicos realizados, a cultura constituiu o elemento fundamental para o diagnóstico de tuberculose, obtendo-se 100% de positividade nos exames realizados; a baciloscopia foi de menor importância. O exame histopatológico com lesão granulomatosa compatível com tuberculose foi observado em 88,9% dos casos. O comprometimento pulmonar associado esteve presente em 27, 3% das crianças tuberculosas. A resposta à terapêutica com esquema padronizado pelo Ministério da Saúde foi satisfatória, não tendo sido observados efeitos colaterais aos medicamentos utilizados.

Evaluation of the temporal acoustic window for transcranial doppler in a multi-ethnic population in Brazil

The aim of this study was to relate the presence of a temporal acoustic window (TAW) to the variables sex, age and race. This observational study was conducted in patients under etiologic investigation after stroke, sickle-cell anemia and hospitalization in an intensive therapy neurologic unit. TAW presence was confirmed by bilateral assessment by two neurologists via transcranial Doppler (TCD). Multiple logistic regression was performed to explain the presence of the window as a function of sex, age and race. In 20% of the 262 patients evaluated, a TAW was not present. The incidence of TAW presence was greater in men (odds ratio [OR] = 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.5-11.7, p < 0.01); lower with increased age (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.92-0.97, p < 0.01); and lower among those of African and Asian descent (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14-0.70, p = 0.005). On the basis of the results, more men than women had TAWs, and the decrease in TAWs was associated with increased age and African or Asian descent.

Clinical evaluation of a composite resin and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement in non -carious cervical lesions: one year result

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of 124 non-carious cervical lesion restorations at 12 months. Materials And Methods: Three study groups were formed according to the material and technique used. All teeth received 37% phosphoric acid etching in enamel and dentin. The teeth of Group I received the conventional adhesive system Scotch Bond Multi Purpose, followed by resin composite Filtek Z350; teeth of Group II were restored with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement Fuji II LC; teeth of Group III were restored with the same resin-modified glass-ionomer cement however, before it was inserted, 2 coats of primer of the Scotch Bond Multi Purpose adhesive system were applied to dentinal tissue. The teeth were evaluated by 2 examiners with regard to the factors of retention, marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, color alteration, presence of marginal caries lesion, anatomic shape, and sensitivity. Results: Application of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no statistically significant difference for anatomic shape, marginal discoloration, color alteration, caries lesion, marginal adaptation, and sensitivity among the three study groups, but the variable retention presented statistically significant difference at 12 months, with Group III presenting a behavior superior to that of Group II but similar to that of Group I. Conclusion: The analyzed restorations of non-carious cervical lesions presented a good clinical performance at 12 months.

Efeito de diversos protocolos de dessensibilização dentinária na obliteração de túbulos dentinários, resistência de união do sistema adesivo e formação de camada hibrida na dentina cervical

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito de diversos protocolos de dessensibilização dentinária na obliteração de túbulos dentinários, resistência de união do sistema adesivo e formação de camada hibrida na dentina cervical

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Use of shared memory in the context of embedded multi-core processors: exploration of the technology and its limits

Modern embedded systems embrace many-core shared-memory designs. Due to constrained power and area budgets, most of them feature software-managed scratchpad memories instead of data caches to increase the data locality. It is therefore programmers’ responsibility to explicitly manage the memory transfers, and this make programming these platform cumbersome. Moreover, complex modern applications must be adequately parallelized before they can the parallel potential of the platform into actual performance. To support this, programming languages were proposed, which work at a high level of abstraction, and rely on a runtime whose cost hinders performance, especially in embedded systems, where resources and power budget are constrained. This dissertation explores the applicability of the shared-memory paradigm on modern many-core systems, focusing on the ease-of-programming. It focuses on OpenMP, the de-facto standard for shared memory programming. In a first part, the cost of algorithms for synchronization and data partitioning are analyzed, and they are adapted to modern embedded many-cores. Then, the original design of an OpenMP runtime library is presented, which supports complex forms of parallelism such as multi-level and irregular parallelism. In the second part of the thesis, the focus is on heterogeneous systems, where hardware accelerators are coupled to (many-)cores to implement key functional kernels with orders-of-magnitude of speedup and energy efficiency compared to the “pure software” version. However, three main issues rise, namely i) platform design complexity, ii) architectural scalability and iii) programmability. To tackle them, a template for a generic hardware processing unit (HWPU) is proposed, which share the memory banks with cores, and the template for a scalable architecture is shown, which integrates them through the shared-memory system. Then, a full software stack and toolchain are developed to support platform design and to let programmers exploiting the accelerators of the platform. The OpenMP frontend is extended to interact with it.

Techniques and Methods for a multi-scale analysis of neuromuscular fatigue

This thesis proposes an integrated holistic approach to the study of neuromuscular fatigue in order to encompass all the causes and all the consequences underlying the phenomenon. Starting from the metabolic processes occurring at the cellular level, the reader is guided toward the physiological changes at the motorneuron and motor unit level and from this to the more general biomechanical alterations. In Chapter 1 a list of the various definitions for fatigue spanning several contexts has been reported. In Chapter 2, the electrophysiological changes in terms of motor unit behavior and descending neural drive to the muscle have been studied extensively as well as the biomechanical adaptations induced. In Chapter 3 a study based on the observation of temporal features extracted from sEMG signals has been reported leading to the need of a more robust and reliable indicator during fatiguing tasks. Therefore, in Chapter 4, a novel bi-dimensional parameter is proposed. The study on sEMG-based indicators opened a scenario also on neurophysiological mechanisms underlying fatigue. For this purpose, in Chapter 5, a protocol designed for the analysis of motor unit-related parameters during prolonged fatiguing contractions is presented. In particular, two methodologies have been applied to multichannel sEMG recordings of isometric contractions of the Tibialis Anterior muscle: the state-of-the-art technique for sEMG decomposition and a coherence analysis on MU spike trains. The importance of a multi-scale approach has been finally highlighted in the context of the evaluation of cycling performance, where fatigue is one of the limiting factors. In particular, the last chapter of this thesis can be considered as a paradigm: physiological, metabolic, environmental, psychological and biomechanical factors influence the performance of a cyclist and only when all of these are kept together in a novel integrative way it is possible to derive a clear model and make correct assessments.