Suco integral de amora (Morus nigra L.) obtido através de prensagem e despolpamento: rendimento e caracterização físico-química

Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) is a fruit with a great potential for technological uses, which could be employed to manufacture of syrups, ice cream, candies, yoghurts, beverages, jam, etc. Only the leaf from mulberry trees is commercially used for silkworm feeding. This tree is cultivated on many agricultural environments such as small rural proprieties and settlements. Small farmers waste a great amount of their production for not knowing about mulberry technology. Thus, the objective of this work was to access extraction yield and physical-chemical properties of mulberry whole juice from ripe, green and a mixture of both by using press and depulper. Statistical analysis of results was carried by media and standard deviation calculations. 173 kg of mulberry were picked being 49.31% ripe and 50.68% green. Press delivered greater extraction yield of whole juice (80.50% to 81.60%) when compared to press (71.43% to 77.50%). Whole juice obtained from both equipments has shown the following values: soluble solids 7.45% - 12.11%, titrable acidity 0.45 – 1.23%, ratio 6.03 – 26.84, pH 3.69 – 4.35, total reducing sugar 4.05% – 9.96%, reducing sugar 3.95% - 9.15%, sucrose 0.00% - 0.04%, turbidity 221.25 NTU - >4,000 NTU. Whole juices obtained from both equipments has shown similar physical-chemical characteristics except turbidity. The authors concluded that press was the best extraction equipment due to its greater yield and whole juice quality regarding turbidity

Análise energética de bebida mista de extrato hidrossolúvel de soja e suco de amora

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

An Extreme Case of Plant-Insect Codiversification: Figs and Fig-Pollinating Wasps

It is thought that speciation in phytophagous insects is often due to colonization of novel host plants, because radiations of plant and insect lineages are typically asynchronous. Recent phylogenetic comparisons have supported this model of diversification for both insect herbivores and specialized pollinators. An exceptional case where contemporaneous plant-insect diversification might be expected is the obligate mutualism between fig trees (Ficus species, Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera). The ubiquity and ecological significance of this mutualism in tropical and subtropical ecosystems has long intrigued biologists, but the systematic challenge posed by >750 interacting species pairs has hindered progress toward understanding its evolutionary history. In particular, taxon sampling and analytical tools have been insufficient for large-scale cophylogenetic analyses. Here, we sampled nearly 200 interacting pairs of fig and wasp species from across the globe. Two supermatrices were assembled: on an average, wasps had sequences from 77% of 6 genes (5.6 kb), figs had sequences from 60% of 5 genes (5.5 kb), and overall 850 new DNA sequences were generated for this study. We also developed a new analytical tool, Jane 2, for event-based phylogenetic reconciliation analysis of very large data sets. Separate Bayesian phylogenetic analyses for figs and fig wasps under relaxed molecular clock assumptions indicate Cretaceous diversification of crown groups and contemporaneous divergence for nearly half of all fig and pollinator lineages. Event-based cophylogenetic analyses further support the codiversification hypothesis. Biogeographic analyses indicate that the present-day distribution of fig and pollinator lineages is consistent with a Eurasian origin and subsequent dispersal, rather than with Gondwanan vicariance. Overall, our findings indicate that the fig-pollinator mutualism represents an extreme case among plant-insect interactions of coordinated dispersal and long-term codiversification.

Nota científica: teste de aceitação de bebida mista de soja e amora

O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em elaborar e avaliar a aceitação de bebida mista de extrato hidrossolúvel de soja (EHS) e suco de amora (SA). As bebidas, produzidas com diferentes proporções de EHS e SA (1:1; 1:1,5; 1:2 m/m), e diferentes concentrações de sólidos solúveis (10, 12 e 14 °Brix), foram analisadas sensorialmente e seus resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão. As diferentes proporções de EHS e SA nas bebidas produzidas interferiram no aroma e na aparência das bebidas; porém, não existiu uma relação direta entre essas proporções e a aceitabilidade desses atributos. O teor de sólidos solúveis, entretanto, influenciou o sabor e a impressão global. A preferência dos provadores, tanto no sabor como na impressão global, recaiu nas bebidas mais doces, havendo uma relação direta entre o teor de açúcar e a aceitação. Todas as bebidas formuladas foram aprovadas pela equipe de provadores.

Inherited cavernous malformations of the central nervous system: clinical and genetic features in 19 Swiss families

Cavernous malformations (CCMs) are benign, well-circumscribed, and mulberry-like vascular malformations that may be found in the central nervous system in up to 0.5% of the population. Cavernous malformations can be sporadic or inherited. The common symptoms are epilepsy, hemorrhages, focal neurological deficits, and headaches. However, CCMs are often asymptomatic. The familiar form is associated with three gene loci, namely 7q21-q22 (CCM1), 7p13-p15 (CCM2), and 3q25.2-q27 (CCM3) and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. The CCM genes are identified as Krit 1 (CCM1), MGC4607 (CCM2), and PDCD10 (CCM3). Here, we present the clinical and genetic features of CCMs in 19 Swiss families. Furthermore, surgical aspects in such families are also discussed.

Respuesta al déficit hídrico en el crecimiento de forestales del bosque urbano de Mendoza : análisis comparativo en árboles jóvenes

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta de plantas jóvenes de cuatro especies forestales urbanas a diferentes niveles de déficit hídrico. El ensayo se realizó en vivero, durante tres ciclos vegetativos, con plantas de Platanus x hispanica cv. acerifolia (plátano), Morus alba (morera), Fraxinus americana (fresno americano) y Acacia visco (visco). Los tratamientos de riego fueron: control (reposición del 100% transpirado); riego deficitario moderado (reposición del 66% transpirado) y riego deficitario severo (reposición del 33% transpirado). Las variables de respuesta evaluadas fueron altura, diámetro de tallos, área foliar y ancho de anillos de crecimiento. Las plantas bajo riego deficitario severo presentaron disminuciones en todos los parámetros de crecimiento considerados. Acacia visco resultó con crecimientos comparables al control, bajo riego deficitario equivalente al 66% del agua transpirada, con lo cual puede ser considerada especie de interés para forestaciones en condiciones de estrés hídrico moderado.

Jersey street and Jersey lane : urban and suburban sketches /

Jersey and Mulberry -- Tiemann's to Tubby Hook -- The Bowery and Bohemia -- The story of a path -- The lost child -- A letter to town.

The stories of H. C. Bunner. First series;

The story of a New York house.--The Midge.--Jersey and Mulberry.--Tiemann's to Tubby Hook.--The Bowery and Bohemia.--The story of a path.--The lost child.--A letter to town.

Henry's birthday: or, Beginning to be a missionary.

Last page blank.

Deutliche Anweisung, wie mit Säung des Maulbeer-Saamens : Pflanzung und Wartung der Maulbeer-bäume, desgleichen Wartung und Fütterung der Seiden-Würmer, auch Haspelung der feinen Seide ; Zubereitung der Flock-Seide, und dem wahren Gebrauch beider Arten Seide, vernünftig und mit Vertheil zu verfahren sey. Nach vieljähriger Untersuchung und mancherley gemachten Proben, zum Besten des gemeinen Wesens an das Licht gestellet, von einem Liebhaber des Seiden-Baues.

Deutliche Anweisung, wie mit Säung des Maulbeer-Saamens (67 p.)-- Kurze nachricht, von Haspelung der feinen Seide, von Zubereitung der Flock-Seide, und vom Gebrauch bender Arten Seide, 1750 (262, [10] p.)-- Kurze abhandlung von dem seidenbau in Berlin und churmark Brandenburg, 1756 (14 p.).

Growth and manufacture of silk. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting the information required by a resolution of the House of Representatives, of May 11, 1826, in relation to the growth and manufacture of silk, adapted to the different parts of the Union. February 7, 1828. Referred to the Committee on Agriculture.

Mode of access: Internet.

Memorials of South Africa /

"For the Methodist Episcopal Church, at the Conference Office, 200 Mulberry-Street."

Das ganze des seidenbaues : oder, Theoretisch-praktische anweisung zur maulbeerbaum- und seidenraupenzucht.

Mode of access: Internet.

The life of the Rev. Thomas Coke, LL.D. including in detail his various travels and extraordinary missionary exertions, in England, Ireland, America, and the West Indies : with an account of his death, May 3, 1814, while on a missionary voyage to the island of Ceylon, in the East Indies. Interspersed with numerous reflections; and concluding with an abstract of his writings and character /

Mode of access: Internet.

Forest reference conditions for ecosystem management in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico /

"September 1998."