582 resultados para lodo
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do lodo produzido pela Companhia de Saneamento Ambiental do Distrito Federal (Caesb) na nodulação e rendimento de grãos da soja e em atributos biológicos de um Latossolo Vermelho de Cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido por dois anos consecutivos em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com três repetições e nove tratamentos - um controle, quatro doses de lodo de esgoto e quatro doses de fertilizante mineral - aplicados apenas no primeiro ano de cultivo. Foram avaliados: a nodulação e a produtividade da soja, o carbono da biomassa microbiana, o carbono prontamente mineralizável e a atividade das enzimas beta-glicosidase, fosfatase ácida e arilsulfatase no solo. Nos dois anos agrícolas, o rendimento de grãos da soja foi inferior ao do tratamento com o fertilizante mineral somente na dose de 1,5 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto. A aplicação do lodo de esgoto no primeiro ano de cultivo não afetou a nodulação da soja, e a aplicação de até 6 Mg ha-1 não apresentou efeito sobre o carbono da biomassa microbiana, o carbono prontamente mineralizável e a atividade das enzimas beta-glicosidase, arilsulfatase e fosfatase ácida do solo no período de dois anos.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica de mineralização do C e a capacidade do solo em fornecer N após sucessivas aplicações de lodo de esgoto, além de determinar a relação destas com a taxa de mineralização do lodo previamente aplicado. A área experimental recebeu, por sete anos, os seguintes tratamentos: 80 kg ha‑1 por ano de N mineral (L0); e 10 ou 20 Mg ha‑1 por ano de lodo (L1 e L2, respectivamente). Amostras de solo (0-20 cm) foram retiradas um ano após a última aplicação dos tratamentos. As amostras receberam doses de lodo correspondentes a 0, 120 e 240 kg ha‑1 de N e foram incubadas em laboratório por mais de 100 dias, tendo-se determinado o C‑CO2 liberado e o teor de N inorgânico no solo. A mineralização do C e do N foi mais influenciada pelo uso prévio do lodo do que pelas doses incubadas. A taxa de mineralização do nitrogênio (TMN) diminuiu de 16%, em L0, para 11%, em L1, e 8% em L2. No entanto, essa redução não resultou em menor disponibilidade de N no sistema, pois houve incremento do N potencialmente mineralizável (N0) em L1 e L2. Assim, a TMN não é um parâmetro adequado para cálculo da dose de lodo a ser aplicada em áreas previamente tratadas com o resíduo, pois subestima a capacidade do sistema em fornecer N. Neste caso, deve-se considerar o uso do N0.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de incubação anaeróbica, a mineralização e a disponibilidade de N em solos tratados com aplicações sucessivas de lodo de esgoto, e determinar o efeito residual das aplicações anteriores na taxa de mineralização do nitrogênio (TMN). Dois experimentos de longa duração foram realizados com doses anuais de lodo de esgoto, para o cultivo de milho: um com dose recomendada de lodo, correspondente a 120 kg ha-1 de N, e 2, 4 e 8 vezes essa dose, em área da Embrapa Meio Ambiente, em Jaguariúna; e outro com 80 kg ha-1 de N aplicado via adubo mineral, e 1 e 2 vezes a dose recomendada de lodo de esgoto, em área do Instituto Agronômico, em Campinas; além de testemunha, sem aplicação de lodo. A disponibilidade de N e a TMN foram estimadas em condições de campo e por incubações anaeróbicas em laboratório. O N total absorvido pelas plantas também foi determinado. O lodo de esgoto é mais efetivo em fornecer nitrogênio ao milho, em longo prazo, do que a adubação mineral. O efeito residual do lodo de esgoto não influencia a TMN do lodo recém-adicionado. O método de incubação anaeróbica é eficiente em estimar a mineralização do N proveniente de lodo de esgoto recém-adicionado.
Resumo:
An alternative application of the humid sludge from the Passaúna WTP, located in Curitiba's metropolitan area, is proposed for concrete structures, partially replacing aggregates and cement. For the investigation, a reference concrete and four concrete mixtures with sludge were produced, and from these, two mixtures, containing 4% and 8% of sludge (m/m), were analyzed by different techniques: X ray fluorescence, X ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, physicochemical analysis, compressive strength, etc. The properties were evaluated and the results indicate that the mixtures can be applied in different situations as cast structures for construction of concrete walls. Mixtures with more than 4% of sludge are restricted to applications where the workability of the concrete is not required, such as for residential pavements, sidewalks and stepping floors.
Resumo:
The growing concern of environmental surveillance of the quality of hydric resources guides the development of research on management of residues generated in water treatment plants (WTP). Approximately 8.000 WTPs in Brazil operate without a treatment program of the residues, disposing these effluents in the environment. This work evaluated WTP discharges into watercourses by collecting superficial waters, sediments and benthic samples at the town of Registro, São Paulo State, Brazil. Even though superficial waters and benthic samples showed no further contamination, sediment analysis pointed out that aluminum deposits detected near sludge discharges may represent a potential risk to the environment.
Resumo:
The alteration of soil chemicals and its influence on availability (DTPA extractant method) and phytoavailability (63Ni L-value, isotopic method) of Ni was studied in sewage sludge-amended soil at different pHs. The soil pHs were 4.3, 5.3 and 5.9 and the rates of sewage sludge (SS) 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg ha-1. The chemical and physicochemical soil characteristics were altered by the SS rate and increased the Ni availability and phytoavailability. The isotopic method (63Ni L-value) was more efficient in predicting the Ni phytoavailability that the Ni-DTPA extractant in soil pHs 5.3 and 5.9.
Resumo:
The Cd phytoavailability in sewage sludge-amended soils of different pHs using the 109Cd L-value isotopic method and Cd extracted by DTPA has been determined. Maize plants (Zea mais L.) were grown under greenhouse conditions in a xanthic ferralsol at different pHs amended with five sewage sludge (SS) rates, and labeled with 74 kBq kg-1 of 109Cd. The SS rates altered the properties of the soil chemicals and these influenced the isotopic parameter (L-value) and percent of Cd uptake by plants from soil (%Cdpdfs) and SS (%CdpdfSS). L-values and Cd extracted by DTPA correlate significantly with SS rates and Cd uptake by plants and are efficient for predicting the Cd phytoavailability in the sewage sludge-amended soil.
Resumo:
The work reported here involved the characterization of sludges produced at water treatment plants in Jaboticabal-SP using FeCl3 as flocculant, and in Taquaritinga-SP and Manaus-AM using Al2(SO4)3 as flocculant. An evaluation was also made of the interaction of organic matter extracted from the sludges with different metal species. The results indicated that all the sludges produced at water treatment plants have an important agricultural potential and that their use depends on the characteristics of the raw water and the type of flocculant employed in conventional treatment. The humic substances extracted from the sludges showed different affinities for metal species, favoring eventual exchanges between potentially toxic metals and macro- and micronutrients. An alternative for the use of sludge in agriculture is to pretreat it to remove potentially toxic metals and enrich it with micro- and macronutrients that can be released to the plant.
Resumo:
This survey determined the physical and chemical properties of the gravel place where urban sludge from Rio Descoberto's Water Treatment Plant is disposed. Physical, chemical and biological analysis of the soil samples (n=54), sludge samples (n=2), chemical coagulant (n=20) and samples from superficial waters (n=9) and water table (n=60) were performed. As results we can emphasize the horizontal distribution of mineral phases like gibbsite, organic material, exchanged Ca, available Mn and P on the soils are originated from the sludge. Some of these mobile elements could stimulate the growing of the vegetation, but they also could contaminate the water table.
Resumo:
Jundiaí river is the main stream in the Jundiaí Hydrographic Basin and its water is not considered safe for public supply. The water problem is getting worse with the development of the region. The Pirai stream, have been one of the last potable water resource. With the purpose of investigating the sediment quality, due to its influence on the water quality, bioavailable and total Cd and Pb were determined using TS-FF-AAS. Total Cd and Pb up to 2.47 and 24.7 µg g-1 were measured, respectively. The wastewater sludge showed concentrations of 4.01 and 171 µg g-1, for the same metals.
Resumo:
This research aims to monitor the humification process of domestic sewage sludge resulted from the vermicomposting, evaluating, also, the possibility of using the final product (vermicompost) in agricultural soils. The monitored chemical variables during the 90 days of vermicomposting were: humidity rate, organic matter content, nitrogen and phosphorus content, pathogenic organisms concentration, total organic carbon, acidity, CEC, C/N ratio, CEC/TOC ratio, and humic and fulvic acids content. The change in these variables during the vermicomposting process showed that this technique is effective for use in the maturation of the residue.
Resumo:
An alternative for landfill leachate treatment are advanced oxidation processes by Fenton's reagent (AOP/Fenton). In this context, the aim of this paper was to evaluate, in a bench scale, the treatability of leachate pós-AOP/Fenton characterizing the supernatant and the sludge generated separately. Observed in optimal conditions, high removal efficiency of COD (76.7%), real color (76.4%) and humic substances (50%). Organic compounds were detected in the sludge (2.465 mg COD L-1) and high concentration of iron (1.757 mg L-1) as was expected. Finally, the sludge generated showed low settling hindering their separation by sedimentation (SVI = 321 mL g-1).
Resumo:
Ceramic foams were produced from a sludge generated in the aluminum anodizing process by using an industrial polyurethane foam (replication method) with open cell sizes of 10 ± 5 ppi (porosity = 97%) which were impregnated with suspensions containing 50-61 wt.% alumina, 1 wt.% citric acid, 6 wt.% bentonite and fired at 1600 ºC for 2 h. The aluminum anodizing sludge shows a high alumina content (87.5 wt.%) and a low particle size (~1.7 mm) after calcination and milling. The obtained filters show porosity of approximately 70%, filtration capability (mass water flow) of 1.7 kg/s and mechanical strength under compression of 2.40 MPa.
Resumo:
This work aimed to access the contents and chemical forms and to estimate mobility and availability of cooper and zinc in samples from two soils (Haplortox and Paleudult) previously treated with doses of sewage sludge (SS) and municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), besides a control treatment. Largest percentages of Cu and Zn were determined in the organic matter fraction. Zn showed higher percentages of soluble and exchangeable fractions than Cu. Treatments with SS showed higher potential of Cu and Zn availability. Modifications in soil attributes due to residue application affected metal mobility and availability indexes.
Resumo:
In this work, cracking experiments were performed to carry out the thermal conversion of the mixture of used frying oil and textile stamping sludge in continuous reactor. The textile stamping sludge was used to catalyze the reaction of thermal cracking. The physical and chemical properties of the oil produced were analyzed. Among the results of this analysis the level of acidity in the range of 12 mg KOH/g stands out. Low levels of acidity as this particular mean better quality oil. In this regard it is important that further researches on processes of conversion of residual oil occur.