Segmentação, seguimento e avaliação automática de bactérias em imagens de microscópio

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica

A abolição da dupla incriminação no mandado de detenção europeu

This essay presents the European Arrest Warrant and its relationship with the principle of double criminality, which was abolished in 2002 with the new Framework Decision (FD). This instrument was essential to implement the principle of mutual recognition and strengthen the police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters in the newly created space of freedom, security and justice. It was urgent to create mechanisms to combat cross-border crime, that alone States have struggled to counter. An analysis of the FD No 2002/584/JHA is made. The execution of warrants and the non-mandatory and optional grounds of refusal are studied in detail. As it is the implementation issue. The role of mutual recognition in practice is studied as well. The procedure is to introduce the principle of double criminality, to explain the concept and its abolition, warning for the consequences derived from them, related to the principle of legality and fundamental rights. The analysis of the European Arrest Warrant in practice in Portugal and in comparison with other Member States allows the measurement of the consequences from the abolition of dual criminality and the position of States on this measure. With the abolition of double criminality, the cooperation in judicial and criminal matters departs from what was intended by the European Council of Tampere. And without cooperation, fundamental rights of citizens are unprotected, so the states have to adopt measures to remedy the "failures" of the European Law.

A abolição da dupla incriminação no mandado de detenção europeu

This essay presents the European Arrest Warrant and its relationship with the principle of double criminality, which was abolished in 2002 with the new Framework Decision (FD). This instrument was essential to implement the principle of mutual recognition and strengthen the police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters in the newly created space of freedom, security and justice. It was urgent to create mechanisms to combat cross-border crime, that alone States have struggled to counter. An analysis of the FD No 2002/584/JHA is made. The execution of warrants and the non-mandatory and optional grounds of refusal are studied in detail. As it is the implementation issue. The role of mutual recognition in practice is studied as well. The procedure is to introduce the principle of double criminality, to explain the concept and its abolition, warning for the consequences derived from them, related to the principle of legality and fundamental rights. The analysis of the European Arrest Warrant in practice in Portugal and in comparison with other Member States allows the measurement of the consequences from the abolition of dual criminality and the position of States on this measure. With the abolition of double criminality, the cooperation in judicial and criminal matters departs from what was intended by the European Council of Tampere. And without cooperation, fundamental rights of citizens are unprotected, so the states have to adopt measures to remedy the "failures" of the European Law.

La agenda de inmigración de la UE hacia Europa oriental: diseñando las bases para un partenariado migratorio

Amb l'aprovació del programa de Tampere el 1999 la Unió Europea (UE) va començar a articular una política d'immigració cap a l'exterior, sent prioritaris els països veïns d'Europa oriental en l'establiment de l'agenda en qüestions migratòries. El contingut d'aquesta agenda inclou normes aprovades bilateralment entre la Unió i els països veïns, normes que emanen de règims internacionals i fins i tot normes pròpies del patrimoni de la Unió. Aquest Working Paper analitza sintèticament l'agenda en matèria d'immigració entre la UE i els països veïns d'Europa oriental en funció del tipus de normes que es disposen a adoptar. Per això, s'han d'observar tres subsectors de la política d'immigració (immigració irregular, immigració regular i asil) per a cada un dels tres països de l'àrea amb els que la cooperació ha estat més intensa (Rússia, Ucraïna i Moldàvia). Prova d'això és l'entrada en vigor de sengles acords de readmissió i facilitació de visats entre la UE i aquests països. L'objectiu d'aquest article és elaborar un retrat matisat de l'agenda d'immigració més ambiciosa que la UE ha dissenyat cap a l'exterior.