Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships Summary Report - Korean

Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships Summary Report - Korean. Provided by the Department of Education and Skills, Ireland.

Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships Summary Report - Portuguese

Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships Summary Report - Portuguese. Provided by the Department of Education and Skills, Ireland.

Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships Summary Report - Russian

Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships Summary Report - Russian. Provided by the Department of Education and Skills, Ireland.

Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships Summary Report - Spanish

Ireland's International Education Strategy 2010 - 2015: Investing in Global Relationships Summary Report - Spanish. Provided by the Department of Education and Skills, Ireland.

Financial protection of patients through compensation of providers: the impact of Health Equity Funds in Cambodia

Public providers have no financial incentive to respect their legal obligation to exempt the poor from user fees. Health Equity Funds (HEFs) aim to make exemptions effective by giving NGOs responsibility for assessing eligibility and compensating providers for lost revenue. We use the geographic spread of HEFs over time in Cambodia to identify their impact on out-of-pocket (OOP) payments. Among households with some OOP payment, HEFs reduce the amount paid by 35%, on average. The effect is larger for households that are poorer and mainly use public health care. Reimbursement of providers through a government operated scheme also reduces household OOP payments but the effect is not as well targeted on the poor. Both compensation models raise household non-medical consumption but have no impact on health-related debt. HEFs reduce the probability of primarily seeking care in the private sector.

Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 strains found in Brazil are endowed with permissive mutations, which compensate the loss of fitness imposed by antiviral resistance

The 2009 pandemic influenza A virus outbreak led to the systematic use of the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir (OST). Consequently, OST-resistant strains, carrying the mutation H275Y, emerged in the years after the pandemics, with a prevalence of 1-2%. Currently, OST-resistant strains have been found in community settings, in untreated individuals. To spread in community settings, H275Y mutants must contain additional mutations, collectively called permissive mutations. We display the permissive mutations in NA of OST-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 virus found in Brazilian community settings. The NAs from 2013 are phylogenetically distinct from those of 2012, indicating a tendency of positive selection of NAs with better fitness. Some previously predicted permissive mutations, such as V241I and N369K, found in different countries, were also detected in Brazil. Importantly, the change D344N, also predicted to compensate loss of fitness imposed by H275Y mutation, was found in Brazil, but not in other countries in 2013. Our results reinforce the notion that OST-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 strains with compensatory mutations may arise in an independent fashion, with samples being identified in different states of Brazil and in different countries. Systematic circulation of these viral strains may jeopardise the use of the first line of anti-influenza drugs in the future.

Academic Building Revenue Bond Funds, June 30, 2002

State University Audit Report

Dormitory and Dining Services Revenue Bond Funds, June 30, 2002

State University Audit Report of Iowa State University

Hilton Coliseum Revenue Bond Funds, June 30, 2002

State University Audit Report

Ice Arena Facility Revenue Note Funds, June 30, 2002

State University Audit Report

Parking System Revenue Bond Funds, June 30, 2002

State University Audit Report of Iowa State University

Recreational Facility Revenue Bond Funds, June 30, 2002

State University Audit Report of Iowa State University

Student Health Center Revenue Bond Funds, June 30, 2002

State University Audit Report of Iowa State University

Telecommunications Facilities Revenue Bond Funds, June 30, 2002

State University Audit Report

Utility System Revenue Bond Funds, June 30, 2002

State University Audit Report