Desenvolvimento da linguagem infantil à luz da Teoria Histórico-Cultural: contribuições de práticas literárias na primeira infância

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Psychological and Support Characteristics of Parents of Child Sexual Abuse Victims: Relationship with Child Functioning and Treatment

Child sexual abuse continues to be a prevalent and complex problem in today’s society as it poses serious and pervasive mental health risks to child victims and their non-offending parents. The main objectives of this study were (a) to elucidate the psychological symptoms and support needs of parents of child sexual abuse victims as they present to group treatment, (b) to examine changes in psychological symptoms and support needs and their relationship with child functioning over the course of a parallel group treatment, and (c) to examine the impact of these factors on completion of group treatment. Participants included 104 sexually abused youth and their non-offending parent presenting to Project SAFE Group Intervention, a 12-session cognitive-behavioral group treatment for sexually abused children and their non-offending parents. This project had a unique advantage of utilizing a variety of demographic, parent-, and child-report measures, allowing for a more comprehensive examination of change in symptomatology and needs over the course of treatment. Several significant findings were noted, including the identification of four clusters of youth at pre-treatment, which were maintained at post-treatment; elevations on the CTQ Sexual Abuse scale; parents of youth sexually abused by a non-family member had significantly higher PSI-Restriction of Role subscale scores; parental expectations of a negative impact on their child were worse for older children; several parent characteristics predicted client treatment retention (e.g., older parents, lower SCL-90-R GSI scores); and an early age of onset of abuse also increased treatment retention. Future directions, recommendations, and limitations were discussed.

A randomised clinical trial of the effect of low-level laser therapy for perineal pain and healing after episiotomy: A pilot study

Objective: to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy for perineal pain and healing after episiotomy. Design: a double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial comparing perineal pain scores and episiotomy healing in women treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and with the simulation of the treatment. Setting: the study was conducted in the Birth Centre and rooming-in units of Amparo Maternal, a maternity service located in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants: fifty-two postpartum women who had had mediolateral episiotomies during their first normal delivery were randomly divided into two groups of 26: an experimental group and a control group. Intervention: in the experimental group, the women were treated with LLLT. Irradiation was applied at three points directly on the episiotomy after the suture and in three postpartum sessions: up to 2 hrs postpartum, between 20 and 24 hrs postpartum and between 40 and 48 hrs postpartum. The LLLT was performed with diode laser, with a wavelength of 660 nm (red light), spot size of 0.04 cm(2), energy density of 3.8 J/cm(2), radiant power of 15 mW and 10 s per point, which resulted in an energy of 0.15 J per point and a total energy of 0.45 J per session. The control group participants also underwent three treatment sessions, but without the emission of radiation (simulation group), to assess the possible effects of placebo treatment. Main outcomes: perineal pain scores, rated on a scale from 0 to 10, were evaluated before and immediately after the irradiation in the three sessions. The healing process was assessed using the REEDA scale (Redness, Edema, Echymosis, Discharge Aproximation) before each laser therapy session and 15 and 20 days after the women's discharge. Findings: comparing the pain scores before and after the LLLT sessions, the experimental group presented a significant within-group reduction in mean pain scores after the second and third sessions (p=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively), and the control group showed a significant reduction after the first treatment simulation (p=0.043). However, the comparison of the perineal pain scores between the experimental and control groups indicated no statistical difference at any of the evaluated time points. There was no significant difference in perineal healing scores between the groups. All postpartum women approved of the low-level laser therapy. Conclusions: this pilot study showed that LLLT did not accelerate episiotomy healing. Although there was a reduction in perineal pain mean scores in the experimental group, we cannot conclude that the laser relieved perineal pain. This study led to the suggestion of a new research proposal involving another irradiation protocol to evaluate LLLT's effect on perineal pain relief. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Grupos de apoio para homens com câncer de próstata: revisão integrativa da literatura

This article is an integrative literature review to analyze the contribution of national and international studies examining the use of psychological support groups as a care strategy for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. The electronic databases consulted were: LILACS, MedLine and PsycINFO, over a period of 20 years (1989-2009) with pre-defined criteria for inclusion. Eleven studies were selected, and based on their contributions some considerations are presented regarding the factors that favor male participation in the support groups and the potential benefits of such participation; as well as their main concerns and the influence of gender identity in the process of coping with illness. Furthermore, studies suggest some models of group intervention, along with orientation for the coordinators which emphasize the importance of these groups as an effective strategy to aid in the process of coping of prostate cancer patients.

Impacto de un programa de promoción de actividad física para la salud en niños de edad escolar de la ciudad de La Plata

Introducción. El aumento de la obesidad y el sedentarismo en niños es un problema social grave. La adopción de hábitos activos contribuye a la prevención de estos trastornos. Objetivos. Medir el efecto de un programa escolar de promoción de actividad física (AF). Material y método. Estudio de intervención controlado no aleatorizado. Participaron 123 niños de ambos sexos, 32 en el grupo intervención (I) y 92 en el grupo control (C). El nivel de AF se obtuvo por cuestionario. Se ponderó el grado de asociación conceptual entre AF y salud mediante test relacional. El grupo I participó de talleres durante 8 semanas durante una hora semanal en horario escolar. Resultados. La práctica deportiva creció 10 en grupo I y 2,9 en C, la diferencia entre medias fue 7.1. (p menor a 0.05). El grupo I aumentó la cantidad de veces que usan la bicicleta por semana 2,88 a 3,56. En el grupo I el tiempo de pedaleo aumentó 30.57 min./sem y disminuyó las horas frente al TV en 1.40 min/día. El grupo I aumentó la importancia que los niños asignan a la AF relación a la salud en forma significativa. Conclusiones. Implementar estrategias de promoción de AF puede favorecer cambios de hábitos y conductas hacia un estilo de vida saludable cuando se trabaja sistemáticamente en talleres mediante la participación activa de niños y maestros.

Impacto de un programa de promoción de actividad física para la salud en niños de edad escolar de la ciudad de La Plata

Introducción. El aumento de la obesidad y el sedentarismo en niños es un problema social grave. La adopción de hábitos activos contribuye a la prevención de estos trastornos. Objetivos. Medir el efecto de un programa escolar de promoción de actividad física (AF). Material y método. Estudio de intervención controlado no aleatorizado. Participaron 123 niños de ambos sexos, 32 en el grupo intervención (I) y 92 en el grupo control (C). El nivel de AF se obtuvo por cuestionario. Se ponderó el grado de asociación conceptual entre AF y salud mediante test relacional. El grupo I participó de talleres durante 8 semanas durante una hora semanal en horario escolar. Resultados. La práctica deportiva creció 10 en grupo I y 2,9 en C, la diferencia entre medias fue 7.1. (p menor a 0.05). El grupo I aumentó la cantidad de veces que usan la bicicleta por semana 2,88 a 3,56. En el grupo I el tiempo de pedaleo aumentó 30.57 min./sem y disminuyó las horas frente al TV en 1.40 min/día. El grupo I aumentó la importancia que los niños asignan a la AF relación a la salud en forma significativa. Conclusiones. Implementar estrategias de promoción de AF puede favorecer cambios de hábitos y conductas hacia un estilo de vida saludable cuando se trabaja sistemáticamente en talleres mediante la participación activa de niños y maestros.

Impacto de un programa de promoción de actividad física para la salud en niños de edad escolar de la ciudad de La Plata

Introducción. El aumento de la obesidad y el sedentarismo en niños es un problema social grave. La adopción de hábitos activos contribuye a la prevención de estos trastornos. Objetivos. Medir el efecto de un programa escolar de promoción de actividad física (AF). Material y método. Estudio de intervención controlado no aleatorizado. Participaron 123 niños de ambos sexos, 32 en el grupo intervención (I) y 92 en el grupo control (C). El nivel de AF se obtuvo por cuestionario. Se ponderó el grado de asociación conceptual entre AF y salud mediante test relacional. El grupo I participó de talleres durante 8 semanas durante una hora semanal en horario escolar. Resultados. La práctica deportiva creció 10 en grupo I y 2,9 en C, la diferencia entre medias fue 7.1. (p menor a 0.05). El grupo I aumentó la cantidad de veces que usan la bicicleta por semana 2,88 a 3,56. En el grupo I el tiempo de pedaleo aumentó 30.57 min./sem y disminuyó las horas frente al TV en 1.40 min/día. El grupo I aumentó la importancia que los niños asignan a la AF relación a la salud en forma significativa. Conclusiones. Implementar estrategias de promoción de AF puede favorecer cambios de hábitos y conductas hacia un estilo de vida saludable cuando se trabaja sistemáticamente en talleres mediante la participación activa de niños y maestros.

A Way of Doing Things: Exploring and Applying the Alexander Technique for Choral Conductors

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Fostering the development of identity and intimacy during late adolescence

This dissertation tested the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention, the Personal Development in the Context of Relationships (PDCR) program. The aim of the PDCR seeks to foster the development (or enhancement) of a sense of identity and intimacy among adolescents who participate in the program. The PDCR is a psychosocial group intervention which utilizes interpersonal relationship issues as a context to foster personal development in identity formation and facilitate the development of an individual's capacity for intimacy. The PDCR uses intervention strategies which include skills and knowledge development, experiential group exercises, and exploration for insight. Participants consisted of 110 late adolescents. A mixed-subjects design (pre-post-follow up) was used to assess the effectiveness, efficacy and utility of the PDCR on the experimental condition relative to a content/social contact control group and a time control condition. Identity exploration and identity commitment were measured by the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire (EIPQ). Total intimacy and identity role satisfaction were measured by the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI). Relationship quality and closeness were measured by the Relationship Quality Scale (RQS) and the Relationship Closeness Inventory (RCI) in an effort to assess whether any potential impact on interpersonal relationships occurs. Mixed MANOVAs were used to analyze the data with results yielding significant values for increased total identity exploration from pre to post test and decreases in total identity commitment from pre to post to follow-up test in the experimental group relative to the control conditions on the EIPQ. Further results indicated increases in total intimacy from pre to post to follow-up test in the experimental group relative to the control conditions on the EPSI. No clear trends emerged from pre to post to follow-up test for the Relationship measures. Results are discussed in terms of both practical and theoretical implications. ^

The exploration enhancement workshop: An exploration-based approach to facilitating identity formation in young adults

This dissertation reports an investigation of the utility of two intervention programs to facilitate identity formation by way of exploration, one designed from an explicitly self-construction point of view and the other designed from an explicitly self-discovery point of view. The self-construction program was implemented using cognitive skills and orientations derived from Berzonsky (1989), Grotevant (1987), and Kurtines (1999). The self-discovery program was implemented using affective insight development strategies derived from Csikszentmihalyi (1990), Maslow (1968), and Waterman (1990). Three sets of measures were used: (a) cognitive identity measures, (b) affective identity measures, and (c) overall identity measures. Ninety undergraduates from Florida International University completed the intervention. Participants were assigned to one of three intervention conditions (Cognitive, Affective, and Control) and were pretested and posttested on cognitive, affective, and overall identity measures. Intervention strategies were introduced and discussed in the context of specific goals and choices that participants brought to group. Intervention results were then analyzed in terms of the effectiveness of the intervention conditions in promoting their respective developmental domains. The intervention was effective in promoting identity development in comparison to the control condition, with the cognitive condition facilitating cognitive competence and the affective condition facilitating affective insight. Results are discussed in the context of the constructivist and discovery perspectives, as well as in light of the broadened view of exploration offered in this paper. ^

Danças Circulares e o Eco-humanismo nas Organizações

A presente dissertação pretende avaliar como os membros das organizações relacionam a prática das danças circulares com elementos do comportamento organizacional. A pertinência desta investigação consiste no fato de estudos e intervenções direcionadas ao comportamento organizacional poderem impactar positivamente o desempenho tanto dos servidores quanto da organização como um todo. As organizações estão enfrentando desafios que demandam teorias e práticas que as fortaleçam, buscando-se atender às necessidades de todos que a compõe. A profundidade dessas mudanças faz com que seja necessário alinhar-se o esforço individual ao grupal. Necessita-se o aprendizado em grupo, o pensamento sistêmico. As danças circulares parecem proporcionar efeitos de bem-estar, segurança, solicitude, cooperação, abertura ao diálogo e eles são extremamente importantes em relação a diversos aspectos da organização, como liderança, hierarquia, motivação, poder, clima organizacional, cultura, comunicação, etc. Seus efeitos, por conseguinte, podem fazê-las importante instrumento que melhore os ambientes de trabalho, além de proporcionarem uma conscientização quanto à importância de levar às organizações o tema da sustentabilidade. A sustentabilidade insere-se no paradigma eco-humanista, alinhado, por sua vez, ao resgate da inteireza do homem. As danças circulares, podem expressar e materializar tal paradigma, de modo a favorecer o comprometimento, a motivação e a participação nas organizações. / This dissertation aims evaluate how the members of organizations relate the practice of circle dances with elements of organizational behavior. Its importance derives in the fact that studies and interventions addressed to the organizational behavior may impact positively both the performance of the workers as well of the organization as a whole. The organizations are facing challenges that need theories and practices to strengthen them, in order to fill the needs of all its members. The depth of the changes makes it necessary to encompass the individual and the grupal efforts. It is necessary the group learning and the systemic thinking. The circle dances seems to provide effects such as well being, security, solicitude, cooperation, openness to dialogue and they are extremely important related to various aspects of organization, as leadership, hierarchy, motivation, power, organizational climate, culture, communication, etc. Its effects, thus, may make them important tool to the betterment of the work environment, besides allow the awareness of the importance to bring to organizations the theme of sustainability. The sustainability is a part of the eco-humanistic paradigm, related to the integrity of man. The circle dance may express and materialize this paradigm, helping commitment, motivation and participation in the organizations.

Vocational Rehabilitation in Early Psychosis: Cluster Randomised Trial

Background Individual placement and support (IPS) is effective in helping patients return to work but is poorly implemented because of clinical ambivalence and fears of relapse. Aims To assess whether a motivational intervention (motivational interviewing) directed at clinical staff to address ambivalence about employment improved patients’ occupational outcomes. Method Two of four early intervention teams that already provided IPS were randomised to receive motivational interviewing training for clinicians, focused on attitudinal barriers to employment. The trial was registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Register (ISRCTN71943786). Results Of 300 eligible participants, 159 consented to the research. Occupational outcomes were obtained for 134 patients (85%) at 12-month follow-up. More patients in the intervention teams than in the IPS-only teams achieved employment by 12 months (29/68 v. 12/66). A random effects logistic regression accounting for clustering by care coordinator, and adjusted for participants’ gender, ethnicity, educational and employment history and clinical status scores, confirmed superiority of the intervention (odds ratio = 4.3, 95% CI 1.5-16.6). Conclusions Employment outcomes were enhanced by addressing clinicians’ ambivalence about their patients returning to work.

Programa de prevenção indicada em jovens consumidores de cannabis

A cannabis é a substância ilícita mais consumida pela população jovem (EMCDDA, 2015). Devido ao aumento das prevalências de consumo desta substância, tem-se verificado um aumento do número de indivíduos que recorrem ou são encaminhados para os serviços de saúde tendo a cannabis como droga principal. Por este motivo, temos assistido a uma necessidade cada vez maior de se realizarem intervenções preventivas que proporcionem conhecimentos e competências que ajudem a lidar com o risco associado ao consumo de substâncias psicoativas (SICAD, 2013a). O principal objetivo da presente dissertação é avaliar a eficácia de um programa de prevenção indicada aplicado num grupo de jovens consumidores de cannabis através de uma avaliação pré e pós-intervenção. A amostra foi constituída por 10 jovens consumidores de cannabis, pertencentes à consulta de prevenção indicada do Centro de Respostas Integradas de Aveiro. A intervenção em grupo implementada foi avaliada através da aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: ASSIST, AUDIT e SCL-90-R e a análise de dados foi realizada através do SPSS – Versão 19.0. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao nível da sintomatologia psicopatológica e de consumo entre as duas fases de avaliação do grupo de prevenção indicada. Contudo, observaram-se melhorias significativas no grupo de controlo ao nível de algumas subescalas psicopatológicas. Conclui-se que a intervenção individual foi mais eficaz do que a intervenção em grupo. Os resultados obtidos colocam em causa a pertinência de se realizarem intervenções em grupo neste tipo de populações.

Relatório de estágio de intervenção comunitária

O presente relatório reporta-se ao estágio de intervenção comunitária, decorrido entre 16/9/2013 e 31/01/2014, na população idosa da Freguesia de Tramaga, Concelho de Ponte de Sor, Distrito de Portalegre, parte integrante de uma das regiões mais envelhecidas do país: Alto Alentejo. Constitui-se como instrumento para avaliação da manifesta Unidade Curricular, título de Mestre em Enfermagem e validar competências para atribuição do título de Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária e Saúde Pública pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros. A Intervenção Comunitária sustentou-se com base na metodologia do planeamento em saúde, metodologia de referência no âmbito da aquisição de competências da especialidade em Enfermagem Comunitária e Saúde Pública (Regulamento n.º 128/2011), das quais se distinguem capacidades para trabalhar em parceria com as comunidades, reconhecer as suas necessidades, planear cuidados adequados aos seus problemas mais prementes, enfatizar práticas conducentes a comportamentos e estilos de vida saudáveis, adotando a promoção da saúde e o empowerment como pedra basilar de intervenção. As intervenções dirigiram-se para os problemas priorizados, designadamente: quedas, comorbilidades, depressão, obesidade, polifarmácia e vulnerabilidades como: Viver só, isolamento, iliteracia e condição de habitação. Os objetivos gerais subjacentes tinham como desígnio sensibilizar população idosa e entidades políticas/locais/concelhias, sobre os problemas de saúde que influenciam negativamente a qualidade de vida destes idosos; contribuir para a sua minimização e melhoria da qualidade de vida, através de abordagens educativas, no âmbito de comportamentos e estilos de vida saudáveis, perspetivando o seu empowerment. Na sinergia entre Mestrandas, comunidade e organizações políticas/locais/concelhias houve possibilidade de discutir e analisar soluções para alguns problemas identificados. Foram desenvolvidas atividades de educação em saúde: ‘atelier da saúde’; Fórum comunitário; Sessão ‘Segurança do idoso’ (em parceria estratégica de ampliação de eficácia com GNR e Teleassistência); todas tiveram o cunho interativo da comunidade. Foram aditadas estratégias de transmissão e disponibilização de informação no domínio de comportamentos e adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis, difundida por panfletos e meios de comunicação social local, configurando complementaridade com ações educativas.Supõe-se que as ações desenvolvidas alteraram comportamentos e contribuíram para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos idosos, uma vez que estimulam a participação, interação, integração e perspetivam o empowerment

Making life choices : facilitating identity formation in young adults

This dissertation makes a contribution to the growing literature on identity formation by formulating, implementing, and testing the effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention, the Making Life Choices (MLC) Workshops, designed to facilitate the process of identity formation. More specifically, the MLC Workshops were designed to foster the development and use of critical cognitive and communicative skills and competencies in choosing and fulfilling life goals and values. The MLC Workshops consist of a psychosocial group intervention that includes both didactic and group experiential exercises. The primary research question for this study concerned the effectiveness of the MLC Workshop relative to a control condition. Effectiveness was evaluated on two levels: skills development and reduction of distress. First, the effectiveness of MLC in fostering the development of critical competencies was evaluated relative to a control condition, and no statistically significant differences were found. Second, the effectiveness of MLC in decreasing life distress was also evaluated relative to the control condition. While participants in the MLC workshop had no significant decrease in distress, they did have statistically significant improvement in life satisfaction in the Personal Domain.