Elterliche Geschlechtsstereotype und deren Einfluss auf das mathematische Selbstkonzept von Grundschulkindern

Ausgangspunkt dieser Dissertation ist die Überlegung, warum Mädchen und Frauen in mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fächern und Berufen unterrepräsentiert sind. Irrtümlicherweise werden als Erklärung hierfür häufig Geschlechterdifferenzen in der Mathematikleistung herangezogen. Diese bieten jedoch aufgrund nicht einheitlicher Forschungsbefunde keinen zufriedenstellenden Erklärungsansatz. Naheliegender ist es, das mangelnde Selbstvertrauen von Mädchen in Mathematik (als mathematisches Selbstkonzept bezeichnet) als Ursache heranzuziehen, denn verschiedene Studien kamen zu dem Ergebnis, dass Mädchen, auch bei vergleichbarer Leistung, ein geringeres mathematisches Selbstkonzept aufweisen als Jungen (Dickhäuser & Stiensmeier-Pelster, 2003; Frome & Eccles, 1998; Rustemeyer & Jubel, 1996; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2004). Die Rolle der Eltern als primäre Sozialisationsinstanz wird als bedeutsamer Einflussfaktor auf das mathematische Selbstkonzept von Kindern beschrieben. Besonders für den Bereich Mathematik besteht die Gefahr, dass Eltern durch geschlechtsstereotype Einstellungen und Erwartungen ihre Tochter ungünstig beeinflussen (Jacobs, 1991; Tiedemann, 2000). In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, inwiefern Eltern Geschlechtsstereotype zuungunsten der Mädchen in Mathematik äußern und inwiefern sich diese – schon zur Grundschulzeit – in den elterlichen Einschätzungen (elterliche Leistungs- und Fähigkeitseinschätzungen sowie elterliche Ursachenerklärungen) des eigenen Kindes widerspiegeln. Es wird angenommen, dass Mädchen entsprechend dem klassischen Geschlechtsstereotyp weniger talentiert und weniger leistungsstark in Mathematik eingeschätzt werden als Jungen. Für die Einschätzungen des eigenen Kindes wird erwartet, dass diese geschlechtsspezifische Verzerrungen zuungunsten der Mädchen aufweisen. Anhand von Pfadmodellen wird in dieser Arbeit der Einfluss elterlicher Geschlechtsstereotype und Einschätzungen, unter Kontrolle der vorangegangenen Mathematikleistung und des vorangegangenen mathematischen Selbstkonzeptes des Kindes, auf das aktuelle mathematische Selbstkonzept des Kindes am Ende des dritten Schuljahres analysiert. Als Grundlage dienen Daten von circa 900 Schülern und 400 Eltern aus dem Projekt Persönlichkeits- und Lernentwicklung von Grundschulkindern (PERLE). Die Befunde der vorliegenden Arbeit können bisherige Forschungsbefunde aus dem Sekundarbereich für den Grundschulbereich replizieren und weitere erstmalige Befunde ergänzen. Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass knapp zwei Drittel der Eltern Geschlechtsstereotype zuungunsten der Mädchen in Mathematik äußern. Die Pfadanalysen ergeben, dass nicht das Geschlecht des Kindes, sondern Wechselwirkungen zwischen Geschlecht und elterlichen Geschlechtsstereotypen die elterlichen Einschätzungen des eigenen Kindes beeinflussen. Wenn Eltern Geschlechtsstereotype vertreten, schätzen sie eine Tochter ungünstiger ein als einen Sohn (unabhängig von der tatsächlichen Mathematikleistung des Kindes). Die elterlichen Einschätzungen haben wiederum einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das mathematische Selbstkonzept des Kindes. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit werden abschließend diskutiert und Ansätze für Interventionen aufgezeigt.

Nova Talenta: 2014-2015

Contenido Introducción 1. Inteligencia emocional, liderazgo transformacional y género: factores que influencian el desempeño organizacional / Ana María Galindo Londoño, Sara Urrego Mayorga; Director: Juan Carlos Espinosa Méndez. 2. El rol de la mujer en el liderazgo / Andrea Patricia Cuestas Díaz; Directora: Francoise Venezia Contreras Torres. 3. Liderazgo transformacional, clima organizacional, satisfacción laboral y desempeño. Una revisión de la literatura / Juliana Restrepo Orozco, Ángela Marcela Ochoa Rodríguez; Directora: Françoise Venezia Contreras Torres. 4. “E-Leadership” una perspectiva al mundo de las compañías globalizadas / Ángela Beatriz Morales Morales, Mónica Natalia Aguilera Velandia; Director: Juan Carlos Espinosa. 5. Liderazgo y cultura. Una revisión / Daniel Alejandro Romero Galindo; Directora: Francoise Venezia Contreras Torres. 6. La investigación sobre la naturaleza del trabajo directivo: una revisión de la literatura / Julián Felipe Rodríguez Rivera, María Isabel Álvarez Rodríguez; Director: Juan Javier Saavedra Mayorga. 7. La mujer en la alta dirección en el contexto colombiano / Ana María Moreno, Juliana Moreno Jaramillo ; Directora: Françoise Venezia Contreras Torres. 8. Influencia de la personalidad en el discurso y liderazgo de George W. Bush después del 11 de septiembre de 2011 / Karen Eliana Mesa Torres; Director: Juan Carlos Espinosa. 9. La investigación sobre el campo del followership: una revisión de la literatura / Christian D. Báez Millán, Leidy J. Pinzón Porras; Director: Juan Javier Saavedra Mayorga. 10. El liderazgo desde la perspectiva del poder y la influencia. Una revisión de la literatura / Lina María García, Juan Sebastián Naranjo; Director: Juan Javier Saavedra Mayorga. 11. El trabajo directivo para líderes y gerentes: una visión integradora de los roles organizacionales / Lina Marcela Escobar Campos, Daniel Mora Barrero; Director: Rafael Piñeros. 12. Participación emocional en la toma de decisiones / Lina Rocío Poveda C., Gloria Johanna Rueda L.; Directora: Francoise Contreras T. 13. Estrés y su relación con el liderazgo / María Camila García Sierra, Diana Paola Rocha Cárdenas; Director: Juan Carlos Espinosa. 14. “Burnout y engagement” / María Paola Jaramillo Barrios, Natalia Rojas Mancipe; Director: Rafael Piñeros.

Terrorist transgressions: gendered representations of the terrorist in visual culture

The aim of Terrorist Transgressions is to analyse the myths inscribed in images of the terrorist and identify how agency is attributed to representation through invocations and inversions of gender stereotypes. In modern discourses on the terrorist the horror experienced in Western societies was the appearance of a new sense of the vulnerability of the body politic, and therefore of the modern self with its direct dependency on security and property. The terrorist has been constructed as the epitome of transgression against economic resources and moral, physical and political boundaries. Although terrorism has been the focus of intense academic activity, cultural representations of the terrorist have received less attention. Yet terrorism is dependent on spectacle and the topic is subject to forceful exposure in popular media. While the terrorist is predominantly aligned with masculinity, women have been active in terrorist organisations since the late 19th century and in suicidal terrorist attacks since the 1980s. Such attacks have confounded constructions of femininity and masculinity, with profound implications for the gendering of violence and horror. The publication arises from an AHRC networking grant, 2011-12, with Birkbeck, and includes collaboration with the army at Sandhurst RMA. The project relates to a wider investigation into feminism, violence and contemporary art.

Manlig utsatthet för våld i nära relationer : En kvalitativ studie om socialsekreterares arbete med män som utsätts för våld i nära relationer

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om socialarbetare tillämpar genusmedvetenhet i arbetet med personer som är utsatta för våld i nära relationer, och hur det i så fall uttrycker sig i mötet med dessa klienter. För att besvara dessa frågeställningar har en kvalitativ ansats tillämpats, med vinjettintervjuer som metod. Den hypotetiske klienten var för tre av informanterna en våldsutsatt man och för tre informanter en våldsutsatt kvinna. Informanternas svar jämfördes sedan och analyserades med hjälp av tidigare forskning på området samt teorier om genus, stereotyper och institutionalisering. De slutsatser vi kunnat dra genom denna studie är att socialarbetare till viss mån påverkas av könsstereotypa föreställningar och att man gör skillnad mellan könen vad gäller insatser, bedömningar och bemötande. Dock har vi även sett att det alltid finns en vilja att hjälpa klienten om behovet finns, i den mån det är möjligt utifrån bland annat det politiska och ekonomiska läget.

Why do young women drop out of sport and physical activity? A social ecological approach

This study explored significant individual, social, and environmental factors and how they interact to influence participation in physical activity for adolescent young women. These factors were explored at two transitional life stages: from primary to secondary school and from middle to upper years at secondary school. Ten focus groups with young women and 10 interviews with teachers were conducted and multiple, interrelated themes emerged. Our findings indicated that there are a number of strategies that could be undertaken to increase the participation of young women in physical activity. These include: (1) enhancing intrinsic motivation for sport and physical activity; (2) appealing to young women’s need for socialising through opportunities for informal physical activity; (3) educating parents about the benefits of sport and physical activity; (4) overcoming gender stereotypes about what is acceptable behaviour for young women; (5) improving physical education teachers’ understanding of gender issues and motivating less physically active students; (6) the provision of accessible sport and physical activity facilities, programs, and services in schools; and (7) prioritorisation of sport and physical activity in the school curriculum. These strategies are not ‘quick fixes’, but rather require a whole-ofcommunity approach and, in some cases, a reorientation of societal values.

The future of football is female : a case of fan-tastic imaginings?

Consistent with FIFA president Sepp Blatter’s proclamation that the future of football is female, the Australian Football League (AFL) has instituted a range of initiatives in an attempt to present a ‘female friendly’ face and garner women’s support for the national game. Given the large number of women who follow the AFL, especially in comparison to other football codes nationally, it’s worth considering the motivations behind the AFL’s tactics. To what extent does what the AFL think women want correlate with women supporters’ experiences and realities of being a football fan? This paper presents findings from semi-structured and focus group interviews with female AFL fans to gauge their perceptions of being an Australian rules football supporter and its impact on their lived experiences and sense of self. The responses of women supporters are critically assessed in order to contemplate how women negotiate gender identity through their support of a male dominated sport. As well as offering insights into the role gender plays in leisure pursuits such as sport spectatorship, this paper considers how femininity and masculinity might be contested and/or remade through the practice of following football in the Australian context. By demonstrating the range and diversity of women’s experiences, this research has the capacity to generate alternative imaginings of fanship and sporting community beyond gender stereotypes.

Shilpa’s filthy hands

The celebrity Big Brother race row centers, in part, on the preparation, handling and consumption of food. While the ritual of formal and informal dining is a key trope of the series, in this instance it is used to construct notions of difference and Otherness. Eating/not eating Indian becomes a symbol of purity and danger: of Shilpa's filthy natural self that somehow lurked beneath her glamorous exterior. If one eats Indian one is consuming the Other, with the potential to be taken over or spoiled by it. Shilpa, then, comes to stand for a complex and contradictory mix of Eastern/Oriental gender stereotypes. However, at the same time, the racialised grammar of representation used to mark her out as Other draws attention to the white bodies attempting to deny her wholeness. In choosing to eat/not eat Indian one opens up a dynamic space for an interrogation of whiteness to emerge. In fact, Jade, Jo, and Danielle become inferior signifiers of national identity in an age of global consumption. By contrast, Shilpa becomes 'surplus value', a supericonic sign that resists the name calling, fetishisation, marginalisation demanded by those on the show. The Big Brother race row may well be a text that directly speaks to the new post-colonial communication flows in place in the contemporary age.

Cultural politics in the English classroom : textually dangerous territory?

How might one approach cultural politics in the English classroom? What might the role of the class text be in these discussions? This article is a snapshot of the author's journey from a pre-service English teacher to her most recent experiences of English teaching. Her pre- service pedagogy indicated a 'minimization' of the role of the text in unpacking cultural politics; the text itself was overshadowed by the important points the teacher was making about critiquing the way the world is socially, culturally and politically organised. In her beginning teaching year, the author was in a remote rural school where she encountered attitudes to hegemonic masculinity and heterosexuality which she felt she did not deal appropriately with. She now believes that more emphasis on how the features of the text itself work to create meaning and construct identities is needed. She recognises the importance of close textual analysis as a way toward engaging in culturally political conversations about constructions of gender and sexuality in media and non-media texts. If she were to have her beginning teaching years over again, she would probably collate a series of contrasting representations of masculinity and femininity from a variety of sources, including popular culture. She would then develop activities based around undertaking textual analysis of the constructions of gender and sexuality, and ask students to identify the different elements in the texts that create meaning, and compare similarities and differences between texts.

Girls back off mathematics again : the views and experiences of girls in computer based mathematics

The views and experiences of girls in two co-educational mathematics classrooms in which computers were regularly used were researched. Data were collected by observation and videotaping of lessons, questionnaire, and interviews of students and the teachers. In this paper case studies of six girls are presented. Their ‘stories’ reveal a diversity of experiences and views and multiple gender identities. High achieving girls persisted as “outsiders within,” other girls “backed off”, and exceptional girls challenged gender stereotypes. Implications for social justice in mathematics in the age of the super highway are discussed.

The owl

Short story examining women's role in society and associating gender stereotypes with nature.

Estratégias de igualdade de gênero nas operações de paz: desconstrução de discursos e reflexões sobre práticas generificadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Infância, gênero e estereótipos sexuais: análise do relato de mães de crianças de 4 a 6 anos

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Condutas de risco em jovens mulheres: álcool e sexo não seguro, temas necessários na formação de professores

The youth has been calling attention due to the large number of social problems resulting from the risky behaviors. One of the behaviors that stand out is the use of alcohol because, besides being the first drug to be used by children and adolescents, this population begins to use increasingly early. Another behavior that is becoming concern in that particular group, also with early start, is the unprotected sex, causing problems as the unplanned pregnancy, abortions and sexually transmitted diseases. However, one factor is becoming relevant and requiring further study, the number of young women developing sexually transmitted diseases and becoming risk drinkers. In this direction, this study has as objective to discuss the high number of alcohol use among young women, the vulnerability that this use causes for the unprotected sex and the importance of these subjects teachers training. It should be noted, finally, the lack of training of teachers to work with the thematic ones, and mainly, the need to deconstruct gender stereotypes, an obstacle in preventing the use of alcohol, other drugs and sexually transmitted diseases.

Gênero nas aulas de educação física: diálogos possíveis com os conteúdos do currículo do Estado de São Paulo e o Facebook

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

Television violence and young adults in Brazil: a content analysis of the popular telenovella, Malhação = Violência na televisão brasileira e jovens : uma análise de conteúdo da telenovela popular, Malahção

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)