Did they read Marx? Marx reception and social democratic party members in imperial Germany, 1890-1914

Did rank-and-file members of the German Social Democratic party before 1914 bother to read Marx? A number of studies of borrowing from trade union and other workers' libraries since the 1970s have indicated that workers who read Marx were rare, although this does not mean that workers' reading habits were not influenced by socialist ideas. However, for a broader understanding of the reception of Marx's writings among rank-and-file German socialists, it is necessary to consider not only books, but the pamphlet literature produced by the SPD in huge quantities, serialisations and other treatments in the party press, and oral communication. When the full range of sources is considered, the extent of the reception of Marx's writings, albeit often in very simplified forms, can be more fully appreciated.

Dysarthria and dysphagia following treatment for a fourth ventricle choroid plexus papilloma

The present case report describes the presence of a persistent dysarthria and dysphagia as a consequence of surgical intervention for a choroid plexus papilloma (CPP). WM was a nine year ten month old male who at the time of the present study was seven years post-surgery. A comprehensive perceptual and instrumental test battery was used to document the nature of the dysarthria incorporating all components of speech production including respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, and prosody. The nature of the dysphagia was evaluated through the use of videofluoroscopic evaluation of swallowing (VFS). Assessments confirmed the presence of a LMN dysarthria, marked by deficits in phonation, respiration, and prosody. Dysphagia assessment revealed deficits in oral preparatory, oral and pharyngeal stages of the swallow. The presence of persistent dysarthria and dysphagia in this case has a number of important implications for the management of children undergoing surgery for fourth ventricle CPPs, in particular the need for appropriate treatment, as well as counselling prior to surgery of the possible negative outcomes related to speech and swallowing. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Desesperança e agressividade na adolescência e qualidade de vinculação aos pais

RESUMO: As relações que constituímos com aqueles que de mais perto nos rodeiam são uma das partes, senão a parte mais relevante da nossa vida (Canavarro, 1999). Assim, a teoria da vinculação coloca grande ênfase na natureza da relação de vinculação (Bowlby, 1979). No primeiro capítulo é elucidado o modelo de desenvolvimento da vinculação de Bowlby (1969/1982; 1988) e de Ainsworth e colaboradores (1978). No segundo capítulo são explicadas as mudanças que ocorrem na fase da adolescência. No terceiro capítulo, é destacado o padrão comportamental agressivo do adolescente, o qual se pode traduzir numa vinculação insegura (Almeida, 2000). Estas situações podem levar o sujeito a apresentar comportamentos de desesperança, conceito este que irá ser desenvolvido no quarto capítulo. Sendo o principal objectivo da investigação estudar em que medida a qualidade de vinculação aos pais e a estrutura familiar estão relacionadas com a desesperança e a agressividade nos adolescentes, conclui-se que o adolescente com uma história de vinculação insegura apresenta menos confiança, maior alienação e, consequentemente, maior desamparo e desesperança (Bowlby, 1969/1982, 1973; Bretherton & Waters, 1985). Relativamente à estrutura familiar, o estudo reporta que a coesão e a adaptabilidade estão correlacionadas positivamente com a confiança e negativamente com a alienação. ABSTRACT: The relationships that we form of those who surround us are closer to one party, if not the most important part of our lives (Canavarro, 1999). Thus, attachment theory places great emphasis on the nature of the attachment relationship (Bowlby, 1979). In the first chapter, is elucidated development model of the binding of Bowlby (1969/1982, 1988) and Ainsworth and colleagues (1978). The second chapter explains the changes that occur during adolescence. The third chapter is highlighted the behavioral patterns of aggressive adolescents, which may result in insecure attachment (Almeida, 2000). These situations can cause the subject to present behavior of hopelessness, that this concept will be developed in the fourth chapter. Since the main aim of the research study to what extent the quality of attachment to parents and family structure are related to hopelessness and aggression in teenagers, it is concluded that the adolescent with a history of insecure attachment have less trust, increased alienation and, consequently, greater helplessness and hopelessness (Bowlby, 1969/1982, 1973, Bretherton & Waters, 1985). With regard to family structure, the study reports that the cohesion and adaptability are positively correlated with the confidence and negatively with alienation.

Solutions of second-order and fourth-order ODEs on the half-line

We start by studying the existence of positive solutions for the differential equation u '' = a(x)u - g(u), with u ''(0) = u(+infinity) = 0, where a is a positive function, and g is a power or a bounded function. In other words, we are concerned with even positive homoclinics of the differential equation. The main motivation is to check that some well-known results concerning the existence of homoclinics for the autonomous case (where a is constant) are also true for the non-autonomous equation. This also motivates us to study the analogous fourth-order boundary value problem {u((4)) - cu '' + a(x)u = vertical bar u vertical bar(p-1)u u'(0) = u'''(0) = 0, u(+infinity) = u'(+infinity) = 0 for which we also find nontrivial (and, in some instances, positive) solutions.

Human case of gastric infection by a fourth larval stage of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda, Anisakidae)

Only three cases of human infection by anisakid nematodes have been reported in Chile since 1976. In the present case, an anisakid worm, identified as a fourth-stage Pseudoterranova decipiens larva, was removed with a gastroendoscopic biopsy clipper from the stomach of a 45 year-old man from southern Chile. The patient, who presented acute epigastric pain and a continuous sensation of having an empty stomach, reported having eaten smoked fish. The worm was fixed in 70% ethanol and cleaned in lactophenol for morphological study. The morphometric characteristics of the worm are described and drawn. Anisakid larvae in fish flesh can be killed by freezing or cooking.

Positive solutions of fourth order problems with clamped beam boundary conditions

n this paper we make an exhaustive study of the fourth order linear operator u((4)) + M u coupled with the clamped beam conditions u(0) = u(1) = u'(0) = u'(1) = 0. We obtain the exact values on the real parameter M for which this operator satisfies an anti-maximum principle. Such a property is equivalent to the fact that the related Green's function is nonnegative in [0, 1] x [0, 1]. When M < 0 we obtain the best estimate by means of the spectral theory and for M > 0 we attain the optimal value by studying the oscillation properties of the solutions of the homogeneous equation u((4)) + M u = 0. By using the method of lower and upper solutions we deduce the existence of solutions for nonlinear problems coupled with this boundary conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.