Influência dos modelos digitais de terreno na modelagem de circulação hidrodinâmica 2DH: um estudo de caso

Digital Elevation Models (DEM) are numerical representations of a portion of the earth surface. Among several factors which affect the quality of a DEM, it should be emphasized the attention on the input data and the choice of the interpolating algorithm. On the other hand, several numerical models are used nowadays to characterize nearshore hydrodynamics and morphological changes in coastal areas, whose validation is based on field data collection. Independent on the complexity of the physical processes which are modeled, little attention has been given to the intrinsic bathymetric interpolation built within the numerical models of the specific application. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and to quantify the influence of the bathymetry, as obtained by a DEM, on the hydrodynamic circulation model at a coastal stretch, off the coast of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil. This coastal region is characterized by strong hydrodynamic and littoral processes, resulting in a very dynamic morphology with shallow coastal bathymetry. Important economic activities, such as oil exploitation and production, fisheries, salt ponds, shrimp farms and tourism, also bring impacts upon the local ecosystems and influence themselves the local hydrodynamics. This fact makes the region one of the most important for the development of the State, but also enhances the possibility of serious environmental accidents. As a hydrodynamic model, SisBaHiA® - Environmental Hydrodynamics System ( Sistema Básico de Hidrodinâmica Ambiental ) was chosen, for it has been successfully employed at several locations along the Brazilian coast. This model was developed at the Coastal and Oceanographical Engineering Group of the Ocean Engineering Program at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Several interpolating methods were tested for the construction of the DEM, namely Natural Neighbor, Kriging, Triangulation with Linear Interpolation, Inverse Distance to a Power, Nearest Neighbor, and Minimum Curvature, all implemented within the software Surfer®. The bathymetry which was used as reference for the DEM was obtained from nautical charts provided by the Brazilian Hydrographic Service of the Brazilian Navy and from a field survey conducted in 2005. Changes in flow velocity and free surface elevation were evaluated under three aspects: a spatial vision along three profiles perpendicular to the coast and one profile longitudinal to the coast as shown; a temporal vision from three central nodes of the grid during 30 days; a hodograph analysis of components of speed in U and V, by different tidal cycles. Small, but negligible, variations in sea surface elevation were identified. However, the differences in flow and direction of velocities were significant, depending on the DEM

UNRUH-DEWITT DETECTORS IN THE PRESENCE OF SCALAR SOURCES

We analyze the response of Unruh-DeWitt detectors in the presence of inertial scalar sources. We show that, in general, a detector responds to the corresponding Coulomb field. However, in some cases, pure vacuum contributions can overwhelm the influence of the Coulomb field rendering the effect of the external source on the detector's response arbitrarily small. We revisit in this context the celebrated question of whether uniformly accelerated observers can see the radiation coming from an inertial charge, and point out the present impediments to answering this question.

INPLANE RESISTIVITY IN GRAPHITE-INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS OBTAINED FROM CONDUCTION-ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE MEASUREMENTS

We developed a procedure to take advantage of the magnetic-field-modulation-frequency effect on the line shape of conduction-electron-spin resonance of graphite intercalation compounds (GIC's) to extract the absolute value of the in-plane resistivity. We calculated the power absorbed in each slice of the sample normal to the wave penetration, multiplied by a factor to account for the magnetic-field-modulation-frequency effect. Room-temperature spectra of stage-I AlCl3-intercalated GIC in both H-0 perpendicular-to c and H-0 parallel-to c configurations were fitted to the theoretical line shapes and the value of in-plane resistivity (and also the value of c-axis resistivity) obtained from the fitting parameters are in reasonable agreement with those from the literature.

Os palhaços nas manifestações populares brasileiras: Bumba-meu-boi, Cavalo-marinho, Folia de Reis e Pastoril Profano

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Avaliação de nematóides entomopatogênicos contra o bicudo da cana-de-açúcar Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978, e efeito da associação desses agentes com inseticidas químicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

What does the National High School Exam (enem) tell Brazilian society?

This article assesses the limitations and potentials of the National High School Exam (ENEM) as an indicator of school effectiveness in Brazil, and considers the effects of introducing contextual variables. A multilevel regression analysis was performed on three levels (individual, school and state) using microdata on 17,359 schools from 2009 and 2010. Contextual factors made it possible to explain 79% of the difference between schools. The raw average and value-added (random effect at the school level) produced contrasting evaluations in 34% of cases; and the average was more stable (r = 0.8) than value-added (r = 0.5) in both years. Various shortcomings in the ENEM as an indicator of school effectiveness were identified. The results show that this league table reveals more about socioeconomic conditions than the schools' own merit, in other words the value-added they are supposedly providing to the students.

Efeitos da disposição de lodos de curtume no solo e na planta

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE

Ilegalidades no comércio de animais silvestres nos estados do Pará e Amazonas

Esta Tese tem como tema principal a biodiversidade da Amazônia, mas especificamente os animais silvestres. Tais animais vêm sofrendo um declínio em suas populações, problemas esse que se iniciou com a colonização do Brasil, nos quais os portugueses adquiriam o hábito de criar animais silvestres pelos próprios índios que aqui habitavam. Com os dados do IBAMA, dos Estados do Pará e Amazonas, foi possível perceber quais animais são mais requisitados; através da coleta de campo, pelos indivíduos dessa região, se traçou o perfil socioeducacional e quais animais estão sendo exportados para Europa via Portugal. Com os resultados tabulados, percebeu-se que as apreensões pelo IBAMA no Estado do Pará convergem para as aves, e no Estado do Amazonas para os répteis; há preferência por consumo de mamíferos nos dois Estados; existe baixa escolaridade nos dois Estados e as aves são os animais mais procurados ilegalmente para a exportação. Concluiu-se que a situação neste dois Estados é preocupante no que se refere à temática dos animais silvestres deve ser dada atenção e a acionar as Políticas Públicas para a região Amazônica como um todo.

Estoque de biomassa e carbono florestal em unidades de paisagem na Amazônia: uma análise a partir da abordagem metodológica ecologia da paisagem

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo central demonstrar a variabilidade existente na floresta no que tange aos estoques de biomassa e carbono florestal acima do solo, a partir da identificação e caracterização, com base em técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, de unidades de paisagem em uma área situada no município de Belterra, região oeste do Estado do Pará, a partir da matriz teórico-conceitual da abordagem Ecologia da Paisagem. Para o alcance de tal proposição, a metodologia empregada partiu da revisão da literatura sobre o tema, aquisição de dados cartográficos e orbitais, uso de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, coleta de dados em campo, tratamento e análise estatística. O trabalho está dividido em quatro capítulos, seguidos pelas considerações gerais da obra. Partindo da matriz teórico-metodológica da Ecologia da Paisagem, analisa-se a dinâmica socioambiental do município de Belterra, que atualmente experimenta a expansão das atividades agrícolas, com destaque para a agricultura mecanizada da soja. A partir da análise multitemporal de imagens Landsat do município pôde-se avaliar a distribuição da cobertura florestal existente no mesmo, bem como o padrão espacial de distribuição das principais unidades de paisagem identificadas. Considerando esse recorte, realizou-se a coleta de dados em campo via inventário florestal em quatro tipologias florestais (floresta de alto platô, floresta de baixo platô, vegetação secundária e tensão ecológica) para obtenção de parâmetros morfométricos da vegetação e posterior quantificação dos estoques de biomassa e carbono contidos em cada unidade, bem como observar o comportamento estrutural da floresta nas mesmas. A adoção da paisagem como escala espacial de análise mostrou-se bastante satisfatória na quantificação dos estoques de biomassa e carbono florestal ao permitir considerar a influência da dinâmica socioeconômica na redução desses estoques. Além disso, possibilitou constatar que o reconhecimento da heterogeneidade da cobertura florestal é um elemento fundamental para a obtenção de estimativas de carbono de acordo com as características estruturais da vegetação, que varia de acordo com a topografia do terreno, com as espécies existentes e com as características geográficas, o que envolve a tipologia climática, as características geomorfológicas, pedológicas e geológicas da área.

O contexto climático e a termorregulação humana: um estudo em treinos de futebol no estado do Ceará

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Fisiologia e manejo de Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) C. T. Wei, causador da mancha alvo na cultura da acerola (Malpighia emarginata D. C.)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Escola de tempo integral e ludicidade: os pontos de vista de alunos do 1º ano do ensino fundamental

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Viabilidade e eficiência de óleos essenciais no manejo do míldio da videira

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CANOPIES OF Eucalyptus spp. USING RADIOMETRIC DATA FROM TM/Landsat 5

Empirical approaches and, more recently, physical approaches, have grounded the establishment of logical connections between radiometric variables derived from remote data and biophysical variables derived from vegetation cover. This study was aimed at evaluating correlations of dendrometric and density data from canopies of Eucalyptus spp., as collected in Capao Bonito forest unit, with radiometric data from imagery acquired by the TM/Landsat-5 sensor on two orbital passages over the study site (dates close to field data collection). Results indicate that stronger correlations were identified between crown dimensions and canopy height with near-infrared spectral band data (rho(s)4), irrespective of the satellite passage date. Estimates of spatial distribution of dendrometric data and canopy density (D) using spectral characterization were consistent with the spatial distribution of tree ages during the study period. Statistical tests were applied to evaluate performance disparities of empirical models depending on which date data were acquired. Results indicated a significant difference between models based on distinct data acquisition dates.

The use of remote sensing imagery for monitoring recovery in the aftermath of a natural disaster: the Hurricane Katrina Case

Although Recovery is often defined as the less studied and documented phase of the Emergency Management Cycle, a wide literature is available for describing characteristics and sub-phases of this process. Previous works do not allow to gain an overall perspective because of a lack of systematic consistent monitoring of recovery utilizing advanced technologies such as remote sensing and GIS technologies. Taking into consideration the key role of Remote Sensing in Response and Damage Assessment, this thesis is aimed to verify the appropriateness of such advanced monitoring techniques to detect recovery advancements over time, with close attention to the main characteristics of the study event: Hurricane Katrina storm surge. Based on multi-source, multi-sensor and multi-temporal data, the post-Katrina recovery was analysed using both a qualitative and a quantitative approach. The first phase was dedicated to the investigation of the relation between urban types, damage and recovery state, referring to geographical and technological parameters. Damage and recovery scales were proposed to review critical observations on remarkable surge- induced effects on various typologies of structures, analyzed at a per-building level. This wide-ranging investigation allowed a new understanding of the distinctive features of the recovery process. A quantitative analysis was employed to develop methodological procedures suited to recognize and monitor distribution, timing and characteristics of recovery activities in the study area. Promising results, gained by applying supervised classification algorithms to detect localization and distribution of blue tarp, have proved that this methodology may help the analyst in the detection and monitoring of recovery activities in areas that have been affected by medium damage. The study found that Mahalanobis Distance was the classifier which provided the most accurate results, in localising blue roofs with 93.7% of blue roof classified correctly and a producer accuracy of 70%. It was seen to be the classifier least sensitive to spectral signature alteration. The application of the dissimilarity textural classification to satellite imagery has demonstrated the suitability of this technique for the detection of debris distribution and for the monitoring of demolition and reconstruction activities in the study area. Linking these geographically extensive techniques with expert per-building interpretation of advanced-technology ground surveys provides a multi-faceted view of the physical recovery process. Remote sensing and GIS technologies combined to advanced ground survey approach provides extremely valuable capability in Recovery activities monitoring and may constitute a technical basis to lead aid organization and local government in the Recovery management.