El desarrollo personal y profesional mediante el aprendizaje reflexivo : una experiencia en el grado de Educación Social

In the last years, an increase of the interest to develop educational practices in higher education, based on the approach of the reflective learning, is observed. Nevertheless, we scarcely find in our context researches or experiences that allow knowing students’ perceptions about this teaching and learning approach. We have developed an experience in the bachelor of Social Education at the University of Girona with the aim to contribute to the personal and professional development of future social educators in their initial training, using reflective learning methodology. In this article we present an evaluation of the experience based on students’ perceptions. They assessed the usefulness they think the module has for their training, the methodology and the activities. This evaluation has been carried out through in-depth interviews to 17 students who participated in the module in 2010-11 academic year. The results show that students assess positively the experience, either its general usefulness or the methodology of reflective learning, although they acknowledge some difficulties to carry out such a process which involves a high degree of introspection and a difficulty to set the boundaries in the narration of personal questions. The study also shows some challenges related on the need, but also the difficulty, to include personal and professional development as a powerful axis in the higher education curriculum, as well as elements linked to reflective learning assessment

El aprendizaje reflexivo en la formación inicial del profesorado: un modelo para aprender a enseñar matemáticas = Reflective learning in the early formation of teachers: a model to learn to teach maths

In this study we analize the application of the reflective learning during initial formation mathematics teachers. This model is based on the sociocultural theories of the human learning and assumes that the interaction and the contrast make possible the coconstruction and the active reconstruction of knowledge.In order to make the study, it was left from a sample of 29 teaching students. The qualitative analysis allowed to identify factors that facilitate the incorporation of the reflective learning in university teaching, as well as the degree of effectiveness of this model to learn to teach mathematics

Efeito da substituição por átomos de flúor no equilíbrio conformacional de chalcona

Chalcone (1) and its fluorinated derivatives 2-4, as well as their cyclic analogues 5-10, were synthesized through an aldol condensation reaction between the corresponding ketone and aldehyde. These compounds were characterized by IR, EIMS and ¹H and 13C NMR spectral data. Modern NMR techniques allowed us to conclude that the compounds obtained show E configuration. These techniques were also employed to investigate the equilibrium involving the s-cis and s-trans conformations of 1-4, with this equilibrium being dependent on the fluorine substitution on both aromatic rings, A or B. IR studies indicated that the yield of the s-cis conformation in the fluorinated derivatives is 57.4±1.4; 88.1±0.4 and 66.4±0.7%, for 2, 3 and 4, respectively, based on previous ¹H NMR calculations for chalcone. Theoretical calculations, using the MMX method, were employed to justify the variation of chemical shifts for the fluorinated derivatives and cyclic analogues. These chemical shifts are consequence of the anisotropic effect showed by the carbonyl group on these compounds.

Estudo espectroscópico do equilíbrio entre espécies hexacoordenada e pentacoordenada dos monômero d nativo e reconstituído da hemoglobina extracelular gigante de Glossoscolex paulistus em meio alcalino

UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic studies of native and reconstituted d monomers from Glossoscolex paulistus were performed in alkaline pH. In addition to the presence of aquomet and hemichrome hexacoordinated species, a pentacoordinated species occurs. This latter species, which presents an imidazolate group of axial histidine as fifth ligand, is identified by the blue-shifted low-intensity Soret band and LMCT band. The pentacoordinated species must occur due to partial polypeptide unfolding.

Antioxidantes na manutenção do equilíbrio redox cutâneo: uso e avaliação de sua eficácia

The skin is a very complex organ, continuously exposed to physical, chemical and microbiological agents. Enzymes as well as low-molecular weight antioxidants are present in the cutaneous tissue to counterbalance the deleterious effect caused by an oxidative stress and thus maintain homeostasis. Antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, carotenoids, and extracts with these properties have been extensively used for treatment of pathologies and skin aging prevention. We review here different mechanisms that can interfere in the redox equilibrium of the skin, as well as the chemical reactions involved in these processes. Moreover, we discuss the importance of endogenous or exogenous antioxidants that can be acquired from the diet or from oral or topical administration, and methodologies that have been developed to evaluate their efficacy.

Estudo do equilíbrio e cinética da biossorção do pb2+ por saccharomyces cerevisiae

The biosorption, based on the use of biomass for removal of ions is distinguished as an innovative and promising technology when compared with the traditional methods. In this context, the aim of the present work is to use Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biosorbent for the retention of Pb2+ metal ions. Factorial design was used for evaluation of the process. The observed equilibrium data were well described by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity was 1486.88 mg/g. The results indicated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae is suitable for biosorption of Pb2+ metal ions.

Simulação do equilíbrio: o método de Monte Carlo

We make several simulations using the Monte Carlo method in order to obtain the chemical equilibrium for several first-order reactions and one second-order reaction. We study several direct, reverse and consecutive reactions. These simulations show the fluctuations and relaxation time and help to understand the solution of the corresponding differential equations of chemical kinetics. This work was done in an undergraduate physical chemistry course at UNIFIEO.

Condições de equilíbrio termodinâmico: a função disponibilidade

The thermodynamic equilibrium is a state defined by conditions which depend upon some characteristics of the system. It requires thermal, mechanical, chemical and phase equilibrium. Continuum thermodynamics, its radical restriction usually called homogeneous processes thermodynamics, as well as the classical thermodynamic science of reversible processes, each of them defines equilibrium in a differing way. But these definitions lead to the same physical contents.

A Equação-Mestra: atingindo o equilíbrio

In the last years, a great interest in nonequilibrium systems has been witnessed. Although the Master Equations are one of the most common methods used to describe these systems, the literature about these equations is not straightforward due to the mathematical framework used in their derivations. The goals of this work are to present the physical concepts behind the Master Equations development and to discuss their basic proprieties via a matrix approach. It is also shown how the Master Equations can be used to model typical nonequilibrium processes like multi-wells chemical reactions and radiation absorption processes.

Remoção dos corantes azul brilhante, amarelo crepúsculo e amarelo tartrazina de soluções aquosas utilizando carvão ativado, terra ativada, terra diatomácea, quitina e quitosana: estudos de equilíbrio e termodinâmica

This work compared activated carbon, activated earth, diatomaceous earth, chitin and chitosan to removal acid blue 9, food yellow 3 and FD&C yellow nº 5 dyes from aqueous solutions with different pH values (2-10). In the best process condition for each dye, equilibrium studies were carried out at different temperatures (from 298 to 328 K) and Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich models were fitted with experimental data. In addition, entropy change, Gibbs free energy change and enthalpy change were obtained in order to verify the thermodynamic adsorption behavior.

Remoção de cromo (VI) de soluções aquosas utilizando o compósito magnético calcinado hidrotalcita-óxido de ferro: estudo cinético e de equilíbrio termodinâmico

In this work, hydrotalcite, a layered double hydroxide, had its ion exchange properties combined with the magnetic properties of iron oxide to produce a magnetic adsorbent, HT-Fe 500. These magnetic composites can be used as adsorbents for anionic contaminants in water and subsequently removed from the medium by a simple magnetic process. Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using HT-Fe 500 was achieved using batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption capacity, calculated with the Langmuir-Freundlich model showed to be dependent on temperature, reaching values of 25.93 and 48.31 mg g-1, respectively, for temperatures of 25 and 30 ºC.

Físico-química experimental: uma proposta para abordar equilíbrio de fases em sistemas ternários

On undergraduate courses, practical classes represent periods in which students can verify the concepts presented in theoretical classes. Conversely, the teaching internship in graduate programs allows these students to incorporate pedagogical practices into their experience, predominantly involving observation and reproduction of methods adopted by supervisors. We propose internship teaching as a period for reflection on our pedagogical practice and present a methodology for an experimental physical chemistry classroom. The students can interact with the experiment and instructor, furthering the study of ternary systems while developing their skills for investigative work.

Remoção de compostos fenólicos de soluções aquosas utilizando carvão ativado preparado a partir do aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes): estudo cinético e de equilíbrio termodinâmico

Activated carbon was produced from the water hyacinth (CAA) by impregnation with ZnCl2 (1:2), followed by pyrolysis at 700 ºC, under N2. CAA was used for the adsorption of phenol, m-cresol and o-cresol from aqueous solutions, using batch adsorption. The effects of contact time, pH, temperature and concentration on sorption were investigated. Adsorption capacity, calculated using the Langmuir model proved to be dependent on temperature, reaching values of 163.7, 130.2 and 142.3 mg g-1 for phenol, m-cresol and o-cresol, respectively, at 45 ºC. Thermodynamic data at the solid-liquid interface suggests an endothermic, spontaneous and environmentally-friendly process.

Dinâmicas de inquiry no estudo de perturbações a um estado de equilíbrio químico

Educational institutions are not being effective, because they do not give individuals what they need to integrate into postmodern society, nor produce citizens that postmodern society needs. Shortcomings include the scientific literacy and cognitive domain levels attained, with an aggravating waning interest in science among pre-university students. We present an inquiry module, an inquiry dynamic, as an education resource for the study of perturbations of a chemical equilibrium state by pre-university or university students of basic chemistry, to contribute to the relevance and popularity of science, potentiation of science literacy and development of cognition. Here we describe an investigation with pre-university students.

Portfólio reflexivo: uma estratégia para a formação em medicina

Esta investigação discute a estratégia do portfólio reflexivo na formação médica no contexto de um currículo inovador. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a percepção dos estudantes quanto ao uso do portfólio reflexivo na Unidade Educacional de Prática Profissional. Caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso, no qual a análise dos dados foi realizada, na perspectiva qualitativa, por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo; na perspectiva da análise quantitativa, foi utilizada medida de frequência simples. A coleta de dados foi feita mediante aplicação de um questionário com questões abertas. Os sujeitos do estudo foram 33 estudantes da segunda série. Os resultados apontam a contribuição do portfólio para a formação profissional, na medida em que permitiu ao estudante o acompanhamento e a organização do cuidado à saúde das pessoas sob sua responsabilidade e proporcionou um processo de autoavaliação. Por outro lado, a compreensão de portfólio apontada pelos estudantes se distancia em grande parte da concepção de portfólio reflexivo, pois pouca ou nenhuma contribuição para o desenvolvimento da capacidade reflexiva foi considerada pelos estudantes.