Étude du rôle de la membrane basale spécialisée dans la maturation de l'émail

Les cellules épithéliales qui produisent l’émail, les améloblastes, sont séparées de l'émail au niveau de la zone de maturation par une membrane basale spécialisée (MBS) enrichie en laminine 332 (LM-332). Cette protéine hétérotrimérique (composée des chaînes α3, ß3 et γ2) assure l'intégrité structurelle des membranes basales (MB) et influence divers processus cellulaires épithéliaux tels que l'adhésion et la différenciation cellulaire. Des modèles de souris « knockout » (KO), où les gènes codant pour LM-332 ont été supprimés, meurent peu après la naissance. Néanmoins, ce phénotype létal peut être contourné en substituant chez la souris le gène produisant la chaîne γ2 de la laminine (LAMC2) par sa forme humaine, sous le contrôle de l’expression du promoteur-rtTA, de la cytokératine 14, inductible par la prise de doxycycline (Dox) - (Tet-on). Le but de ce projet est d’examiner si l’utilisation de cette protéine humaine chez la souris a un effet sur la structuration de la MBS ainsi que sur la maturation de l'émail. La phase de maturation de l’organe de l’émail chez la souris transgénique a été sévèrement altérée par rapport à une souris normale (WT). La MBS n’est plus visible, une matrice dystrophique s’est formée dans la couche d'émail dans la phase de maturation, et la présence d’une matrice résiduelle de l'émail est observée durant la phase tardive de maturation. Des micro-analyses tomographiques ont révélé une usure excessive des surfaces occlusales des molaires, un écroulement de l'émail sur les pointes des incisives et une hypominéralisation de l'émail. Cependant, aucune altération structurale due à cette recombinaison transgénique n’a été observée dans d'autres sites épithéliaux, tels que la peau, le palais et la langue. Ces résultats indiquent que, bien que ce modèle de souris humanisée soit capable de rétablir ses fonctions dans divers tissus épithéliaux, il est incapable de soutenir la structuration d'une MBS à l'interface entre les améloblastes et l’émail en maturation. Cet échec peut être lié à la composition spécifique de la MBS dans la phase de maturation et supporte l’hypothèse que la MBS est essentielle pour la maturation adéquate de l'émail.

Étude du rôle de la membrane basale spécialisée dans la maturation de l'émail

Les cellules épithéliales qui produisent l’émail, les améloblastes, sont séparées de l'émail au niveau de la zone de maturation par une membrane basale spécialisée (MBS) enrichie en laminine 332 (LM-332). Cette protéine hétérotrimérique (composée des chaînes α3, ß3 et γ2) assure l'intégrité structurelle des membranes basales (MB) et influence divers processus cellulaires épithéliaux tels que l'adhésion et la différenciation cellulaire. Des modèles de souris « knockout » (KO), où les gènes codant pour LM-332 ont été supprimés, meurent peu après la naissance. Néanmoins, ce phénotype létal peut être contourné en substituant chez la souris le gène produisant la chaîne γ2 de la laminine (LAMC2) par sa forme humaine, sous le contrôle de l’expression du promoteur-rtTA, de la cytokératine 14, inductible par la prise de doxycycline (Dox) - (Tet-on). Le but de ce projet est d’examiner si l’utilisation de cette protéine humaine chez la souris a un effet sur la structuration de la MBS ainsi que sur la maturation de l'émail. La phase de maturation de l’organe de l’émail chez la souris transgénique a été sévèrement altérée par rapport à une souris normale (WT). La MBS n’est plus visible, une matrice dystrophique s’est formée dans la couche d'émail dans la phase de maturation, et la présence d’une matrice résiduelle de l'émail est observée durant la phase tardive de maturation. Des micro-analyses tomographiques ont révélé une usure excessive des surfaces occlusales des molaires, un écroulement de l'émail sur les pointes des incisives et une hypominéralisation de l'émail. Cependant, aucune altération structurale due à cette recombinaison transgénique n’a été observée dans d'autres sites épithéliaux, tels que la peau, le palais et la langue. Ces résultats indiquent que, bien que ce modèle de souris humanisée soit capable de rétablir ses fonctions dans divers tissus épithéliaux, il est incapable de soutenir la structuration d'une MBS à l'interface entre les améloblastes et l’émail en maturation. Cet échec peut être lié à la composition spécifique de la MBS dans la phase de maturation et supporte l’hypothèse que la MBS est essentielle pour la maturation adéquate de l'émail.

In Vitro Effects Of Hydrogen Peroxide Combined With Different Activators For The In-office Bleaching Technique On Enamel.

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alteration of human enamel bleached with high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide associated with different activators. Materials and methods. Fifty enamel/dentin blocks (4 × 4 mm) were obtained from human third molars and randomized divided according to the bleaching procedure (n = 10): G1 = 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP - Whiteness HP Maxx); G2 = HP + Halogen lamp (HL); G3 = HP + 7% sodium bicarbonate (SB); G4 = HP + 20% sodium hydroxide (SH); and G5 = 38% hydrogen peroxide (OXB - Opalescence Xtra Boost). The bleaching treatments were performed in three sessions with a 7-day interval between them. The enamel content, before (baseline) and after bleaching, was determined using an FT-Raman spectrometer and was based on the concentration of phosphate, carbonate, and organic matrix. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey's test. Results. The results showed no significant differences between time of analysis (p = 0.5175) for most treatments and peak areas analyzed; and among bleaching treatments (p = 0.4184). The comparisons during and after bleaching revealed a significant difference in the HP group for the peak areas of carbonate and organic matrix, and for the organic matrix in OXB and HP+SH groups. Tukey's analysis determined that the difference, peak areas, and the interaction among treatment, time and peak was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The association of activators with hydrogen peroxide was effective in the alteration of enamel, mainly with regards to the organic matrix.

Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

Altered expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components has been reported in several pathologies; however, few ECM proteins have been evaluated in adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and distribution of the ECM proteoglycans: biglycan and decorin; and glycoproteins: osteonectin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin in the AOT. Three-micrometer sections from paraffin-embedded specimens were evaluated employing a streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical method with the antibodies against the proteins previously cited. Only the osteonectin was expressed in the epithelial cells. The eosinophilic amorphous material and the connective tissue showed expression of all components studied. The calcification foci expressed only osteopontin. In conclusion, the low expression of the components studied in neoplastic epithelial cells suggests that the epithelial cells act probably as stimulators of the expression by the stroma, which in turn can act as agonist or antagonist of the tumor growth. These results suggest that the components studied probably have a key role in the biological behavior of the AOT.

Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bovine versus Human Dentine

Metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated with metabolism of collagen in physiological and pathological processes in human dentine. As bovine teeth have been used as a substitute for human teeth in laboratory analysis, this study evaluated the activity of MMP-2 and -9 in bovine versus human dentine. Bovine and human dentine fragments, from crowns and roots, were powderized. Protein extraction was performed by two protocols: a neutral extraction with guanidine-HCl/EDTA (pH 7.4) and an acidic extraction with citric acid (pH 2.3). Gelatinolytic activities of extracts were revealed by zymography. MMP-2 and -9 were detected in crown and root dentine from bovine and human teeth. Total activities of MMP-2 were 11.4 +/- 2.2, 14.6 +/- 2.0, 9.7 +/- 1.2 and 12.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml for bovine root, human root, bovine crown and human crown dentine, respectively. Corresponding activities for MMP-9 were 14.9 +/- 2.0, 15.3 +/- 1.3, 15.4 +/- 1.3 and 15.5 +/- 1.3 ng/ml, respectively. Bovine dentine was found to be a reliable substrate for studies involving the activity of MMP-2 and -9. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel

Effect of Iron on Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition and on the Prevention of Dentine Erosion

It is known that some metal salts can inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, but the effect of iron has not been tested yet. On the other hand, it has recently been suggested that MMP inhibition might influence dentine erosion. Based on this, the aims of this study were: (1) to test in vitro the effect of FeSO(4) on MMP-2 and -9 activity, and (2) to evaluate in situ the effect of FeSO(4) gel on dentine erosion. MMP-2 and -9 activities were analysed zymographically in buffers containing FeSO(4) in concentrations ranging between 0.05 and 1.5 mmol/l or not. Volunteers (n = 10) wore devices containing bovine dentine blocks (n = 60) previously treated with the following gel treatments: FeSO(4) (1 mmol/l FeSO(4)), F (NaF 1.23%; positive control) and placebo (negative control). The gels were applied once and removed after 1 min. Erosion was performed extraorally with Coca-Cola 4 times per day for 5 min over 5 days. Dentine wear was evaluated by profilometry. The data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn`s tests (p < 0.05). FeSO(4) inhibited both MMP-2 (IC(50) = 0.75 mmol/l) and MMP-9 (IC(50) = 0.50 mmol/l) activities. In the in situ experiment, the mean wear (+/- SD) found for the F gel (0.79 8 +/- 0.08 mu m) was significantly reduced in more than 50% when compared to the placebo gel (1.77 +/- 0.33 mu m), but the FeSO(4) gel completely inhibited the wear (0.05 +/- 0.02 mu m). Since FeSO(4) was able to inhibit MMP in vitro, it is possible that the prevention of dentine wear by the FeSO(4) gel in situ might be due to MMP inhibition, which should be investigated in further studies. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel

On derivatives and norms of generalized matrix functions and respective symmetric powers

In recent papers, the authors obtained formulas for directional derivatives of all orders, of the immanant and of the m-th xi-symmetric tensor power of an operator and a matrix, when xi is a character of the full symmetric group. The operator norm of these derivatives was also calculated. In this paper, similar results are established for generalized matrix functions and for every symmetric tensor power.

Effect of JJYMD-C, a novel synthetic derivative of gallic acid, on proliferation and phenotype maintenance in rabbit articular chondrocytes in vitro

Tissue engineering encapsulated cells such as chondrocytes in the carrier matrix have been widely used to repair cartilage defects. However, chondrocyte phenotype is easily lost when chondrocytes are expanded in vitro by a process defined as “dedifferentiation”. To ensure successful therapy, an effective pro-chondrogenic agent is necessary to overcome the obstacle of limited cell numbers in the restoration process, and dedifferentiation is a prerequisite. Gallic acid (GA) has been used in the treatment of arthritis, but its biocompatibility is inferior to that of other compounds. In this study, we modified GA by incorporating sulfamonomethoxine sodium and synthesized a sulfonamido-based gallate, JJYMD-C, and evaluated its effect on chondrocyte metabolism. Our results showed that JJYMD-C could effectively increase the levels of the collagen II, Sox9, and aggrecan genes, promote chondrocyte growth, and enhance secretion and synthesis of cartilage extracellular matrix. On the other hand, expression of the collagen I gene was effectively down-regulated, demonstrating inhibition of chondrocyte dedifferentiation by JJYMD-C. Hypertrophy, as a characteristic of chondrocyte ossification, was undetectable in the JJYMD-C groups. We used JJYMD-C at doses of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 µg/mL, and the strongest response was observed with 0.25 µg/mL. This study provides a basis for further studies on a novel agent in the treatment of articular cartilage defects.

Regularization of Descriptor Systems by Derivative and Proportional State Feedback

For linear multivariable time-invariant continuous or discrete-time singular systems it is customary to use a proportional feedback control in order to achieve a desired closed loop behaviour. Derivative feedback is rarely considered. This paper examines how derivative feedback in descriptor systems can be used to alter the structure of the system pencil under various controllability conditions. It is shown that derivative and proportional feedback controls can be constructed such that the closed loop system has a given form and is also regular and has index at most 1. This property ensures the solvability of the resulting system of dynamic-algebraic equations. The construction procedures used to establish the theory are based only on orthogonal matrix decompositions and can therefore be implemented in a numerically stable way. The problem of pole placement with derivative feedback alone and in combination with proportional state feedback is also investigated. A computational algorithm for improving the “conditioning” of the regularized closed loop system is derived.

Robust state-derivative pole placement LMI-based designs for linear systems

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions for state-derivative feedback control in polytopic linear systems

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Robust State-Derivative Feedback LMI-Based Designs for Linear Descriptor Systems

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Less Conservative Control Design for Linear Systems with Polytopic Uncertainties via State-Derivative Feedback

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Surface roughness of enamel and four resin composites

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)