Estratégias promotoras do envolvimento em atividades, num grupo de crianças de uma turma do 1º ano de escolaridade

Projeto de Intervenção apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação - Especialidade Educação Especial

Solving colored nonograms

Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Burnout dos enfermeiros nos serviços de saúde em Portugal : um estudo de caso na Saúde 24 Porto

RESUMO - A síndrome de burnout, definida pela exaustão emocional, despersonalização e realização pessoal, designa um estado de fadiga física e emocional crónico dos profissionais, o qual pode comprometer as organizações. Neste estudo descritivo, pretende-se estudar a síndrome de burnout nos enfermeiros dos serviços de saúde, especialmente focado nos serviços de atendimento permanente telefónico, suas características, consequências e estratégias de prevenção. A população alvo serão todos os enfermeiros que trabalham em serviços de atendimento permanente telefónico e a amostra, não probabilística e de conveniência, os enfermeiros que desempenham funções no centro de atendimento da Saúde 24 Porto. Primeiramente aborda-se o conceito de burnout e a sua relação com a prática de Enfermagem, de seguida é realizada uma descrição sobre os centros de atendimento em saúde até à atual situação da Saúde 24. Na amostra em estudo, enfermeiros da Saúde 24 Porto, existe predominância do sexo feminino (66,99%) e a média de idades é de 32 anos (26 anos de idade mínima, 49 de idade máxima e desvio padrão de 4,59). Constatou-se que 94,26% desempenha funções de enfermeiro comunicador e os restantes 5,74% são enfermeiros supervisores, a média de anos de atividade profissional é de 5,67 anos e 36,4% dos enfermeiros desempenha funções na Saúde 24 há mais de 3 anos. Foi aplicado o Inventário de Burnout de Maslach e os resultados indicaram a ausência de síndrome de esgotamento profissional. Existem níveis médios de burnout, sustentados pelos valores obtidos na exaustão emocional no terço inferior (<19,10), e valores no terço inferior, na realização pessoal (<38,00) e nível baixo na despersonalização (<4,90). No que concerne à idade não foram encontradas correlações significativas em nenhuma das dimensões, contudo, no que refere ao tempo de serviço verificou-se que existem correlações significativas e negativas para a exaustão emocional e para a despersonalização ou seja, a tendência atual é a de que os enfermeiros com menos tempo de serviço têm maior tendência para scores mais altos de burnout. Existe uma relação entre as variáveis, grau académico, exaustão e despersonalização, a qual mostrou uma tendência para scores mais altos em relação a enfermeiros licenciados e pós graduados nas dimensões de exaustão e despersonalização contrariamente aos enfermeiros com o grau de mestre ou especialidade. Existe também uma relação entre as variáveis género e despersonalização, sendo o score baixo, aquele que apresenta maior expressão no sexo masculino, mas principalmente no sexo feminino. As mulheres têm scores mais baixos que os homens nesta dimensão, traduzindo-se na percentagem mais elevada obtida (67,1%, contra 53,6%). E em contrapartida nos resultados obtidos para o score alto relativo à despersonalização, os homens apresentam um resultado pior do que as mulheres, sendo 26,1% para os homens e 12,1% para as mulheres. Quando se examinam as funções desempenhadas distribuídas pelas dimensões de burnout, verifica-se a existência de uma relação entre a variável função desempenhada e a realização pessoal. Nos resultados percebeu-se que, quanto mais elevada a função desempenhada (enfermeiro supervisor), mais baixa é a realização pessoal. E esta dimensão tem o score inverso, logo a interpretação deverá ser feita no sentido de que, quanto mais elevada for a função, maior será a realização pessoal. Os resultados obtidos são animadores contudo a vulnerabilidade para este tipo de problema, entre enfermeiros, potencializada pelo tipo de trabalho realizado por estes profissionais de saúde será desejável estar atento e usar estratégias para enfrentar o burnout quando ele surgir. O fenómeno burnout não é apenas como um problema do individuo mas é principalmente um problema da organização.

A disponibilidade do potássio da "leucita de Poços de Caldas", estudada por meio do arroz

In order to know potassium availability in "leucita de Poços de Caldas" from Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, a Mitscherlich pot experiment was set up. The pots were filled with 6 kilograms of sieved (4 mm) "Terra Roxa Misturada" soil. Rice (Oryza sativa, L.), Dourado Agulha variety was the testing plant. Doses of potassium referred to are 1,5 g (as K(2)0) from both KCl and "leucita de Poços de Caldas". There were 6 treatments, with 3 repetitions, as follows: 1) Control; 2) NP + 1 dose K (KCl); 3) NP + 2 doses K (KCl)); 4) NP + 3 doses K (KCl); 5) NP + 1 dose K (leucita); 6) NP + 2 doses K (leucita) and 7) NP + 3 doses K (leucita). Each pot received 50 seeds. Five days after germination the seedlings were thinned to 35. Harvesting took place 4 months after germination. Potassium (as KCl) promoted an increase in yield of both stalk and grain as compared with control. Potassium content in the leaves was also higher in all treatment in which KCl was supplied. Potassium, as "leucita de Poços de Caldas» did not show any favorable effect on both stalk and grain yield and on its content in the leaves.

Observation on the morphology of Australorbis glabratus

The present morphological study of A. glabratus was based on the observation of shell, radula, renal region and genitalia of 50 specimens having a shell diameter of 18 mm. In this summary we record the data pertaining to the chracteristics that can be used in systematics. The numerals refere to the mean and their standard deviation; no special reference being made, they correspond to length measurements. Shell: 18 mm in diameter, 5.59 ± 0.24 mm in greatest width, 5 to 6 whorls. Right side umbilicated, left one weakly depressed. Last whorl about thrice as tall as the penultimate one at the aperture, the measurements being taken on the right side. Aperture perpendicular or a little oblique. Body, extended: 47.06 ± 3.31 mm. Renal tube: Narrow and elongated, 23.84 ± 1.90 mm, showing a pigmented ridge along its ventral surface. Ovotestis: 12.78 ± 1.50 mm. Mainly trifurcate diverticula attaching in fan-like manner to the collecting canal (this arrangement is seen to best advantage in the cephalic middle of the ovotestis). The collecting canal greatly swells at the cephalic end, narrowing suddenly as it leaves the ovotestis. Ovisperm duct: 13.70 ± 1.68 mm, including the non-unwound seminal vesicle. The latter, situated about 1 mm from the beginning af the ovisperm duct, was 1.14 ± 0.29 mm in greatest diameter, and is beset by numerous short diverticula. Sperm duct: 14.16 ± 1.27 mm, pursuing a sinous course along the oviduct. Prostate: Prostate duct 5.53 ± 0.74 mm, collecting a row of long diverticula, the latter 21.6 ± 3.5 in number. Last diverticulum generally simple or bifurcate, penultimate generally arborescent, bifurcate or simple, antepenultimate nearly always arborescent, the remaining ones arborescent. The arborescent diverticula frequently give off secondary branches. Vas deferens: 17.50 ± 2.05 mm. The ratio vas deferens/vergic sac was 4.7 ± 0.6. Verge: 3.70 ± 0.54 mm long, 0.12 ± 0.03 mm wide. Free end tapering to a point where the sperm canal opens. No penial stylet. Vergic sac: 3.77 ± 0.50 mm long, 0.19 ± 0.01 mm wide. The length ratio vergic sac/preputium was 1 ± 0.02. Preputium: Deeply pigmented, 3.79 ± 0.40 mm long, 0.89 ± 0.12 mm wide in the middle. Muscular diaphragm between it and the vergic sac. Two muscular pilasters along its lateral walls. Oviduct: 10.24 ± 1.29 mm, suddenly swollen at the cephalic end so that it forms a folded pouch capping the beginning of the uterus. Uterus: 10.58 ± 1.18 mm. Vagina: 2.06 ± 0.15 mm long, 0.32 ± 0.05 mm wide, showing a swelling at its caudal portion, just above the opening of the spermathecal duct. Spermatheca: 1.57 ± 0.41 mm long, 0.92 ± 0.23 mm wide. Spermathecal duct 1.15 ± 0.23 mm. Radula: 125 to 163 rows of teeth (mean 141.4 ± 9.8). Radula formula 27-1-27 to 34-1-34 (mean 30.9 ± 1.7).

Observations on the morphology of Australorbis nigricans

A morphological study was done on A. nigricans, based on the observation of shell, radula, renal region and genitalia of 50 specimens measuring 18 mm in diameter. The data obtained are to be compared with those recorded in our previous paper (PARAENSE & DESLANDES, 1955) on A. glabratus. The characteristics common to both species will not be mentioned here. The numerals refere to the means and their standard deviations: no special reference being done, they correspond to length measurementes. Shell - 18 mm in diameter, 6.37 ± 0.29 mm in greatest width, 6 whorls. Prevailing colur ferruginous sepia, a minority of olivaceous, ochreous, nigrescent and deeply black specimens being found. Right side variously depressed, umbilicated, 1.5 to 3.5 mm deep from the bottom of the umblicus to the highest level of the last whorl. Left side more depressed than the right one, broadly concave, 1.5 to 3.5 mm deep. Both sides show a varously distinct keel, that looks sharper at the left. Aperture deltoid, varying in outline and width. Body, extended - 60.26 ± 3.62 mm, less pigmented than in glabratus. Renal tube - 30.68 ± 1.69 mm, showing neither ridge nor pigmented line along its ventral surface, this negative character affording a sure means of separation from glabratus. Ovotestis - 14.48 ± 1.93 mm. Ovisperm duct - 13.04 ± 1.60 mm, including the non-unwound seminal vesicle. The latter was 0.97 ± 0,21 mm in greatest width. Carrefour - Resembling that of glabratus. Sperm duct - 21.36 ± 1.53 mm. Prostate - Prostate duct 7.14 ± 0.74 mm, collecting a row of long diverticula numbering 19.6 ± 3.1 and more separate than in glabratus. Last diverticulum generally bifurcate or arborescent, the remaining ones arborescent. Vas deferens - 28.68 ± 1.38. Ratio vas deferens/vergic sac = 6.8±0.8. Verge - 3.08 ± 0.28 mm long, 0.11 ± 0.02 mm wide. Vergic sac - 3.07 ± 0.28 mm long, about 0.20 mm wide. Ratio vergic sac/preputium = 0.84 ± 0.12. Preputium - 3.69 ± 0.47 mm long, 0.85 ± 0.10 mm wide. Albumen gland - Resembling taht of glabratus. Oviduct - 16.26 ± 1.41 mm, swollen at the cephalic end. Uterus - 13.24 ± 1.19 mm. Vagina - 1.70 ± 0.22 mm, swolen at the caudal portion. Spermatheca - 2.78 ± 0.40 mm long, 0.86 ± 0.16 mm wide. Spermathecal duct 1.11 ± 0.20 mm. Radula - 125 to 168 horizontal rows of teeth (mean 153.9 ± 8.4). Radula formula 28-1-28 to 36-1-36 (mean 31.8 ± 1.9). Mode formula 31-1-31. The morphological characteristics of the renal region and shell, and the great body length in the same condition of shell diameter, distinguish A. nigricans from the most related species A. glabratus, giving support to considering it a good species from a txonomic or phenotypic standpoint (morphospecies).

Does abdominoplasty with liposuction of the love handles yield a shorter scar? An analysis with abdominal 3D laser scanning.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of abdominoplasty with liposuction of both flanks with regards to length of scar, complications, and patient's satisfaction. A retrospective analysis of 35 patients who underwent esthetic abdominoplasty at our institution between 2002 and 2004 was performed. Thirteen patients underwent abdominoplasty with liposuction of both flanks, 22 patients underwent conventional abdominoplasty. Liposuction of the flanks did not increase the rate of complications of the abdominoplasty procedures. We found a tendency toward shorter scars in patients who underwent abdominoplasty combined with liposuction of the flanks. Implementation of 3-dimensional laser surface scanning to objectify the postoperative outcomes, documented a comparable degree of flatness of the achieved body contouring in both procedures. 3-dimensional laser surface scanning can be a valuable tool to objectify assessment of postoperative results.

Iowa Budget Report Fiscal Year 2010.

Governor Chet Culver and Lt. Governor Patty Judge submitted their $6.2 billion budget for fiscal year 2010. The proposal recommends further budget cuts – rather than tax increases – to help meet the challenges of declining state revenues. “In recent months, we have reduced state government spending by nearly $180 million in order to maintain a balanced budget,” said Governor Culver. "My budget proposal for fiscal year 2010 will reflect a 6.5 percent cut to almost every state department and program,” the Governor continued. “In fact, 207 of the 253 line items in my budget proposal will be cut by 6.5 percent. That represents a savings of $400 million to Iowa taxpayers.”

Executive Order Number Nineteen, October 8, 2009

Orders the implementation of a 10% across-the-board cut to state government spending.

Statewide Heavy-Truck Crash Assessment, 2014

In 2010, 16.5 percent of all fatal vehicle crashes in Iowa involved large trucks compared to the national average of 7.8 percent. Only about 16 percent of these fatalities involved the occupants of the heavy vehicles, meaning that a majority of the fatalities in fatal crashes involve non-heavy-truck occupants. These statistics demonstrate the severe nature of heavy-truck crashes and underscore the serious impact that these crashes can have on the traveling public. These statistics also indicate Iowa may have a disproportionately higher safety risk compared to the nation with respect to heavy-truck safety. Several national studies, and a few statewide studies, have investigated large-truck crashes; however, no rigorous analysis of heavy-truck crashes has been conducted for Iowa. The objective of this study was to investigate and identify the causes, locations, and other factors related to heavy-truck crashes in Iowa with the goal of reducing crashes and promoting safety. To achieve this objective, this study used the most current statewide data of heavy-truck crashes in Iowa. This study also attempted to assess crash experience with respect to length of commercial driver’s license (CDL) licensure using the most recent five years of CDL data linked to the before mentioned crash data. In addition, this study used inspection and citation data from the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) Motor Vehicle Division and Iowa State Patrol to investigate the relationship between enforcement activities and crash experience.

Association of moderate alcohol use and binge drinking during pregnancy with neonatal health.

Background:  Heavy drinking and smoking during pregnancy are known to have a negative impact on the unborn child. However, the impact of low-to-moderate alcohol consumption and binge drinking has been debated recently. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of moderate prenatal drinking and binge drinking with birthweight, being small for gestational age (SGA) at birth, preterm birth, and neonatal asphyxia. Methods:  Moderate alcohol drinking, binge drinking, and several possible confounders were assessed in 1,258 pregnant women; information on neonatal health was obtained at birth. Results:  Results indicate that 30.8% of the women drank at low levels (<2 glasses/wk), 7.9% drank moderately (2 to 4 glasses/wk), and 0.9% showed higher levels of drinking (≥5 glasses/wk); 4.7% reported binge drinking (defined as ≥3 glasses/occasion). 6.4% of the children were SGA (<10th percentile of birthweight adjusted for gestational age), 4.6% were preterm (<37th week of gestation), and 13.0% showed asphyxia (arterial cord pH <7.10 and/or arterial cord lactate >6.35 mmol and/or Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes). When controlling for maternal age, citizenship, occupational status, parity, smoking, use of prescription/over-the-counter drugs, illicit drug use, and child gender moderate drinking was related to lower birthweight (p < 0.01), and moderate drinking and binge drinking were associated with neonatal asphyxia at trend level (p = 0.06 and p = 0.09). Moderate drinking and binge drinking were not related to length of gestation. Conclusions:  In contrast to recent reviews in the field, our results assume that moderate drinking and binge drinking are risk factors for neonatal health.

Quantitative modelling of transcription factor binding sites

Abstract One of the most important issues in molecular biology is to understand regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression. Gene expression is often regulated by proteins, called transcription factors which bind to short (5 to 20 base pairs),degenerate segments of DNA. Experimental efforts towards understanding the sequence specificity of transcription factors is laborious and expensive, but can be substantially accelerated with the use of computational predictions. This thesis describes the use of algorithms and resources for transcriptionfactor binding site analysis in addressing quantitative modelling, where probabilitic models are built to represent binding properties of a transcription factor and can be used to find new functional binding sites in genomes. Initially, an open-access database(HTPSELEX) was created, holding high quality binding sequences for two eukaryotic families of transcription factors namely CTF/NF1 and LEFT/TCF. The binding sequences were elucidated using a recently described experimental procedure called HTP-SELEX, that allows generation of large number (> 1000) of binding sites using mass sequencing technology. For each HTP-SELEX experiments we also provide accurate primary experimental information about the protein material used, details of the wet lab protocol, an archive of sequencing trace files, and assembled clone sequences of binding sequences. The database also offers reasonably large SELEX libraries obtained with conventional low-throughput protocols.The database is available at http://wwwisrec.isb-sib.ch/htpselex/ and and ftp://ftp.isrec.isb-sib.ch/pub/databases/htpselex. The Expectation-Maximisation(EM) algorithm is one the frequently used methods to estimate probabilistic models to represent the sequence specificity of transcription factors. We present computer simulations in order to estimate the precision of EM estimated models as a function of data set parameters(like length of initial sequences, number of initial sequences, percentage of nonbinding sequences). We observed a remarkable robustness of the EM algorithm with regard to length of training sequences and the degree of contamination. The HTPSELEX database and the benchmarked results of the EM algorithm formed part of the foundation for the subsequent project, where a statistical framework called hidden Markov model has been developed to represent sequence specificity of the transcription factors CTF/NF1 and LEF1/TCF using the HTP-SELEX experiment data. The hidden Markov model framework is capable of both predicting and classifying CTF/NF1 and LEF1/TCF binding sites. A covariance analysis of the binding sites revealed non-independent base preferences at different nucleotide positions, providing insight into the binding mechanism. We next tested the LEF1/TCF model by computing binding scores for a set of LEF1/TCF binding sequences for which relative affinities were determined experimentally using non-linear regression. The predicted and experimentally determined binding affinities were in good correlation.

Vaneritehtaan hyötysuhteen parantaminen ja viilutuotannonohjauksen kehittäminen

Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää syitä vaneritehtaan raaka-aineen käytön hyötysuhteen heikkenemiseen sekä esittää ratkaisukeinoja hyötysuhteen parantamiseksi. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli tuotannonohjauksen kehittäminen viiluosastolla. Teoriaosassa tarkasteltiin kohdeyritystä ja tuotantoyksikköä, vanerin valmistusprosessia, vaneritehtaan hyötysuhteeseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä sekä hyötysuhteen laskemisen teoriaa. Lisäksi käsiteltiin asiakaslähtöisen toiminnan teoriaa, sekä tuotannonohjauksen teoriaa ja tuotannonohjaustapoja. Käytännönosa perustui haastattelututkimuksiin ja tuotannonraportointijärjestelmän tarkasteluun. Haastatteluiden avulla selvitettiin viiluosaston tuotannossa ja tuotannonohjauksessa ilmeneviä ongelmia. Tuotannonraportointijärjestelmän kautta tarkasteltiin tehtaan hyötysuhteen kehittymistä tuotantovaiheittain, sekä tutkittiin määrämittasahattavia mittoja ja määrämittasahauksen onnistumista. Tehtyjen tutkimusten perusteella etsittiin keinoja määrämittasahauksessa syntyvän hukan pienentämiseen, jolloin koko tehtaan hyötysuhde saataisiin paranemaan. Lisäksi esiteltiin keinoja tuotannonohjauksen selkeyttämiseen viiluosastolla. Työn lopuksi annettiin kehitysehdotuksia, joilla tehtaan hyötysuhdetta saataisiin edelleen paremmaksi ja tuotannonohjausta vastaamaan asiakaslähtöisen toiminnan periaatteita.

Jatkuvavaletun teräksen leikkaussuunnitelman optimointi

Teollisuuden tuotannon eri prosessien optimointi on hyvin ajankohtainen aihe. Monet ohjausjärjestelmät ovat ajalta, jolloin tietokoneiden laskentateho oli hyvin vaatimaton nykyisiin verrattuna. Työssä esitetään tuotantoprosessi, joka sisältää teräksen leikkaussuunnitelman muodostamisongelman. Valuprosessi on yksi teräksen valmistuksen välivaiheita. Siinä sopivaan laatuun saatettu sula teräs valetaan linjastoon, jossa se jähmettyy ja leikataan aihioiksi. Myöhemmissä vaiheissa teräsaihioista muokataan pienempiä kokonaisuuksia, tehtaan lopputuotteita. Jatkuvavaletut aihiot voidaan leikata tilauskannasta riippuen monella eri tavalla. Tätä varten tarvitaan leikkaussuunnitelma, jonka muodostamiseksi on ratkaistava sekalukuoptimointiongelma. Sekalukuoptimointiongelmat ovat optimoinnin haastavin muoto. Niitä on tutkittu yksinkertaisempiin optimointiongelmiin nähden vähän. Nykyisten tietokoneiden laskentateho on kuitenkin mahdollistanut raskaampien ja monimutkaisempien optimointialgoritmien käytön ja kehittämisen. Työssä on käytetty ja esitetty eräs stokastisen optimoinnin menetelmä, differentiaalievoluutioalgoritmi. Tässä työssä esitetään teräksen leikkausoptimointialgoritmi. Kehitetty optimointimenetelmä toimii dynaamisesti tehdasympäristössä käyttäjien määrittelemien parametrien mukaisesti. Työ on osa Syncron Tech Oy:n Ovako Bar Oy Ab:lle toimittamaa ohjausjärjestelmää.

Ohutlevyn diodilaserhitsaus

Diplomityössä tutkitaan, miten diodilaserhitsauksen ominaisuuksia ja mahdollisuuksia voidaan hyödyntää teollisuuden käytännön sovellutuksissa. Työn alkuosassa esitelläändiodilaserin toimintaperiaatetta ja säteen muodostumista. Lisäksi työssä on esitetty laserin käyttöön liittyviä turvallisuusseikkoja. Hitsaukseen liittyviä teknisiä seikkoja on myös käyty läpi. Työn kokeellisessa osassa tutkitaan kylmävalssatun ja ruostumattoman teräksen hitsattavuutta eri liitosmuodoissa kuten päittäis-, laippa- ja päällekkäisliitoksissa. Hitsauskokeet suoritettiin eri paksuisille levyille. Tavoitteena oli löytää eri levymateriaaleille ja liitosmuodoille oikeat nopeus- ja tehoparametrit. Diodilaserkokeet suoritettiin käyttäen Hämeen ammattikorkeakoulun Riihimäen yksikön 2 kW:n tehoista diodilaserlaitteistoa. Koekappaleet olivat 100 x 200 mm kokoisia. Osalle hitsatuista kappaleista tehtiin vetokokeita ja mikrokovuuskokeita. Hitseille tehtiin silmämääräinen tarkastus ja lisäksi tutkittiin hitsejä mikroskooppikuvauksella. Koekappaleita hitsaamalla selvitettiin teho- ja nopeusparametrit. Hitsattaessa kylmävalssattuja levyjä muodostui hitsausvirheitä T- ja päittäisliitoksissa. Hitsausvirheet huomattiin, kun suoritettiin vetokokeita ja tehtiin hietä. Mutta yleensä kylmävalssattujen levyjen hitsaus onnistui moitteettomasti. Kun hitsaukset suoritettiin käyttämällä ruostumatonta terästä, hitsausvirheitä ei muodostunut, kuten kylmävalssattuihin levyihin. Ruostumattomien terästen hitsaus onnistui moitteettomasti. Tunkeuma molemmissa levytyypeissä oli hyvä. Todettiin, että levyt hitsautuivat yhteen hitsauksen alussa moitteettomasti, mutta loppuosa ei hitsautunut kunnolla, koska lämpötilanmuutos muokkasi levyjen muotoja.