1000 resultados para corante FDC-1
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Adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 dye onto activated red mud was investigated. Red mud was treated with hydrogen peroxide (LVQ) and heated at both 400 ºC (LVQ400) and 500 ºC (LVQ500). These samples were characterized by pH, specific surface area, point of zero charge and mineralogical composition. Adsorption was found to be significantly dependent on solution pH, with acidic conditions proving to be the most favorable. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm was the most appropriate to describe the phenomenon of dye removal using LVQ, LVQ400 and LVQ500, with maximum adsorption capacity of 384.62, 357.14 and 454.54 mg g-1, respectively.
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O comportamento eletroquímico e espectroeletroquímico do sistema montmorilonita-azul de metileno (MM-AM)/AMsolução foi investigado empregando-se a técnica de voltametria cíclica e de transiente, I x t (corrente versus tempo) sobre eletrodo de vidro ITO modificado pela deposição mecânica de filmes do compósito MM-AM. Os filmes foram preparados empregando três procedimentos: 1- na ausência de CTACl (surfactante, cloreto de cetiltrimetilamônio); 2- com incorporação do CTACl à região interlamelar; e 3- na presença do CTACl, porém, não incorporado à região interlamelar. A técnica espectrofotométrica foi empregada para a caracterização e para o estudo eletrocrômico dos filmes formados. Os resultados experimentais permitiram observar que: i- os filmes preparados com a incorporação prévia do AM a região interlamelar fornecem uma resposta eletroquímica mais eficiente com o aparecimento de um par de picos bem definido; ii- a adição do CTACl, de forma geral permite a obtenção de filmes mecanicamente mais estáveis; iii- com a inclusão prévia do CTACl na região interlamelar não ocorre o aparecimento da forma protonada do AM (AMH+); iv- na ausência da forma protonada o compósito não apresenta comportamento eletrocrômico.
Análise voltamétrica do corante têxtil do tipo antraquinona empregando eletrodos de carbono impresso
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O corante reativo Reactive Blue (RB4), que possui como grupo cromóforo uma antraquinona e um grupo diclorotriazina como grupo reativo, foi determinado em níveis de micromol utilizando eletrodos de carbono impresso empregando a técnica de voltametria de pulso diferencial. Foram obtidas respostas lineares entre a corrente de pico e a concentração do corante entre 3,4 x 10-6 e 3,0 x 10-4 mol L-1 em solução de KCl pH 1,0. Empregando as condições otimizadas para a analise do corante, foi estudada a influência da temperatura de aquecimento na hidrólise do grupo reativo, monitorando um pico de redução em -1,1 V (vs. carbono impresso).
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O corante pararosanilina (P) é um pigmento que apresenta um relevante papel na análise de substâncias química e bactérias do tipo Gram positivo e negativo, além de outros microorganismos. Os ensaios potenciométricos de P mostraram que o corante é um ácido monoprótico e fraco (pKa= 8,78); enquanto a espectrofotometria permitiu estimar seu coeficiente de absortividade molar (ε) igual a 1,48x10(4) mol-1 cm-1 L. A curva analítica para a determinação de P apresenta linearidade entre 7,36x10-6 a 7,36x10-5 mol L-1 e a metodologia foi aplicação em amostras biológicas.
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O presente trabalho compara processos de purificação de enterotoxina estafilocócica A, utilizando cromatografia de afinidade com corante Red A em relação a troca iônica (SP - Sephadex C-25) - permeabilidade em gel (Sephadex G-75). Aplicou-se nas colunas o sobrenadante da cultura de Staphylococcus aureus 722 em caldo contendo 3% de triptona e suplementado com 1% de extrato de levedura, previamente concentradas com Amberlite CG-50. O processo capturou rapidamente a EEA, porém a proporção de 15 mg de resina para 150 mg de toxina causou saturação, recuperando apenas 10 a 30% de toxina do sobrenadante. A cromatografia de afinidade com Red A permitiu a recuperação de 60,87% de toxina aplicada em 76 horas, em relação a 114 horas requeridas para purificação utilizando coluna de troca iônica e permeabilidade em gel, com rendimento de 6,5%. O perfil eletroforético das amostras purificadas indicaram que, a toxina obtida da coluna Red A apresentou teor de pureza superior, na ordem de 90%, em relação a 60% atingida pelo método clássico.
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A tendência do consumidor atual é utilizar alimentos de fácil preparo que, adicionalmente à qualidade nutritiva, tragam benefícios à saúde. Neste trabalho, uma massa alimentícia fresca funcional foi desenvolvida pela incorporação de Isolado Protéico de Soja (IPS) e polidextrose, utilizando páprica como corante. O consumo de IPS pode contribuir para a diminuição dos níveis de colesterol, enquanto a polidextrose, funcionando como fibra, pode promover a redução de risco de câncer de cólon. A otimização da formulação foi realizada utilizando-se um delineamento fatorial completo 23, considerando como variáveis independentes os teores de: i) IPS; ii) polidextrose; e iii) páprica. Os efeitos destas variáveis na qualidade da massa alimentícia foram avaliados em função das características físico-químicas (cor e teste de cozimento), textura instrumental e propriedades sensoriais. Na avaliação dos parâmetros físicos, observou-se que a cor instrumental da massa crua foi influenciada apenas pelo teor de páprica; já o tempo de cozimento (2,5 minutos), o aumento de massa (1,40 a 1,64%) e a perda de sólidos (3,80 a 5,56%) não foram influenciados pelos ingredientes utilizados; e a elasticidade (parâmetro da textura instrumental) foi reduzida com o aumento do teor de polidextrose. Na avaliação sensorial da massa crua, o aumento na porcentagem de IPS e a redução na porcentagem de polidextrose afetaram positivamente a aceitação global e a intenção de compra; e os aumentos nas porcentagens de IPS e de páprica aumentaram a aceitação da cor. Na avaliação sensorial da massa cozida, observou-se que o IPS teve influência positiva sobre a textura, enquanto que a polidextrose e a páprica afetaram negativamente este parâmetro. Entretanto, na avaliação da intenção de compra da massa cozida, não houve influência dos ingredientes adicionados. Os percentuais ideais de adição de polidextrose, isolado protéico de soja e páprica foram de 3,5, 8,0 e 1,5%, respectivamente.
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Objetivo: determinar a viabilidade da identificação do linfonodo-sentinela em pacientes com câncer invasor de colo uterino estádio Ib1. Material e Métodos: 16 pacientes consecutivas com câncer de colo uterino agendadas para histerectomia radical com linfadenectomia pélvica bilateral realizaram estudo para detecção de linfonodo-sentinela. Onze pacientes injetaram 1 mCi de tecnécio 99 (99Tc) em quatro pontos do estroma superficial do colo uterino ao redor do tumor, às 12, 3, 6 e 9 h ( 16 horas antes da cirurgia ). No dia da cirurgia, as pacientes foram submetidas ao mapeamento linfático com gamma-probe e azul patente injetado nos mesmos pontos que o 99Tc.Cinco pacientes realizaram a detecção apenas com azul patente. Resultados: foi detectado pelo menos um (1 a 3 por paciente) linfonodo-sentinela em cada uma das 15 pacientes (93,7 %) que realizaram a técnica combinada.Foi detectado pelo menos 1 linfonodo-sentinela em 4 pacientes ( 80% )com azul patente apenas. A maioria dos linfonodos-sentinela foi localizada nas regiões: obturadora (37 %), ilíaca externa (22,2 %) e inter-ilíacas (18,5 %). Seis pacientes (40 %) tiveram linfonodos-sentinela bilaterais. Dos 27 linfonodos-sentinela detectados, 11 (40,7 %) foram detectados pelo corante, 9 (33,3%) pela radioatividade e 7 (26 %) pela radioatividade e corante. O índice de detecção intra-operatória com o gamma-probe foi de 90,9 % ( 11 pacientes ). Destes, 7 linfonodos foram azul e quente (31,8 %), 6 linfonodos foram apenas azuis (27,2 %) e 9 linfonodos foram apenas quentes (40,9 %). A sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo negativo para a detecção do linfonodo-sentinela foram 100%, 85,7 % e 100 % respectivamente. Conclusão: A combinação do radiofármaco 99Tc e azul patente é efetiva na detecção do linfonodosentinela em câncer de colo uterino inicial.
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According to the global framework regarding new cases of tuberculosis, Brazil appears at the 18th place. Thus, the Ministry of Health has defined this disease as a priority in the governmental policies. As a consequence, studies concerning treatment and prevention have increased. Fixed-dose combination formulations (FDC) are recognized as beneficial and are recommended by WHO, but they present instability and loss on rifampicin bioavailability. The main purpose of this work was to carry out a pre-formulation study with the schedule 1 tuberculosis treatment drugs: rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol and pharmaceutical excipients (lactose, cellulose, magnesium stearate and talc), in order to develop an FDC product (150 mg of rifampicin + 75 mg of isoniazid + 400 mg of pyrazinamide + 250 mg of ethambutol). The studies consisted of the determination of particle size and distribution (Ferret s diameter) and shape through optical microscopy, as well as rheological and technological properties (bulk and tapped densities, Hausner Factor, Carr s Index, repose angle and flux rate) and interactions among drugs and drug excipient through thermal analysis (DSC, DTA, TG and your derivate). The results showed that, except isoniazid, the other drugs presented poor rheological properties, determined by the physical characteristics of the particles: small size and rod like particles shape for rifampicin; rectangular shape for pyrazinamide and ethambutol, beyond its low density. The 4 drug mixture also not presented flowability, particularly that one containing drug quantity indicated for the formulation of FDC products. In this mixture, isoniazid, that has the best flowability, was added in a lower concentration. The addition of microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate and talc to the drug mixtures improved flowability properties. In DSC analysis probable interactions among drugs were found, supporting the hypothesis of ethambutol and pyrazinamide catalysis of the rifampicin-isoniazid reaction resulting in 3- formylrifamycin isonicotinyl hydrazone (HYD) as a degradation product. In the mixtures containing lactose Supertab® DSC curves evidenced incompatibility among drugs and excipient. In the DSC curves of mixtures containing cellulose MC101®, magnesium stearate and talc, no alterations were observed comparing to the drug profiles. The TG/DTG of the binary and ternary mixtures curves showed different thermogravimetrics profiles relating that observed to the drug isolated, with the thermal decomposition early supporting the evidences of incompatibilities showed in the DSC and DTA curves
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Tuberculosis is a serious disease, but curable in practically 100% of new cases, since complied the principles of modern chemotherapy. Isoniazid (ISN), Rifampicin (RIF), Pyrazinamide (PYR) and Chloride Ethambutol (ETA) are considered first line drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis, by combining the highest level of efficiency with acceptable degree of toxicity. Concerning USP 33 - NF28 (2010) the chromatography analysis to 3 of 4 drugs (ISN, PYR and RIF) last in average 15 minutes and 10 minutes more to obtain the 4th drug (ETA) using a column and mobile phase mixture different, becoming its industrial application unfavorable. Thus, many studies have being carried out to minimize this problem. An alternative would use the UFLC, which is based with the same principles of HPLC, however it uses stationary phases with particles smaller than 2 μm. Therefore, this study goals to develop and validate new analytical methods to determine simultaneously the drugs by HPLC/DAD and UFLC/DAD. For this, a analytical screening was carried out, which verified that is necessary a gradient of mobile phase system A (acetate buffer:methanol 94:6 v/v) and B (acetate buffer:acetonitrile 55:45 v/v). Furthermore, to the development and optimization of the method in HPLC and UFLC, with achievement of the values of system suitability into the criteria limits required for both techniques, the validations have began. Standard solutions and tablets test solutions were prepared and injected into HPLC and UFLC, containing 0.008 mg/mL ISN, 0.043 mg/mL PYR, 0.030 mg.mL-1 ETA and 0.016 mg/mL RIF. The validation of analytical methods for HPLC and UFLC was carried out with the determination of specificity/selectivity, analytical curve, linearity, precision, limits of detection and quantification, accuracy and robustness. The methods were adequate for determination of 4 drugs separately without interfered with the others. Precise, due to the fact of the methods demonstrated since with the days variation, besides the repeatability, the values were into the level required by the regular agency. Linear (R> 0,99), once the methods were capable to demonstrate results directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte sample, within of specified range. Accurate, once the methods were capable to present values of variation coefficient and recovery percentage into the required limits (98 to 102%). The methods showed LOD and LOQ very low showing the high sensitivity of the methods for the four drugs. The robustness of the methods were evaluate, facing the temperature and flow changes, where they showed robustness just with the preview conditions established of temperature and flow, abrupt changes may influence with the results of methods
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The food industry is interested in natural products. Anthocyanins are phenolic antioxidants of great importance with health-relevant applications. Several studies have linked the intake of fruits and vegetables with reduced risk of chronic degenerative diseases because of its antioxidant properties. This study aimed to compare different strategies for obtaining natural pigments from red jambo (Syzygium malaccence) and analyze its functional potential. Two different strategies were studied: (1) solid-liquid extraction (SLE) in reactor with controlled parameters, (2) powder obtention. The investigation of the functional potential was conducted taking into account the total phenolic content (TPC), the antioxidant activity (AA), the total anthocyanins concentration (TA) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. The best extracts obtained by SLE showed TPC of 174.15 mg GAE/100g, AA of 3.56 μmol Trolox eq/g and TA of 133.59 mg cyd-3-glu/100 g. The best results for the second strategy were TPC of 1024.22 mg GAE/100 g, AA of 29.03 μmol Trolox eq/g and TA of 1193.41 mg cyd-3- glu/100 g. It was observed moderate amylase inhibition (26.30%) and high glucosidase inhibitory activity (97.47%). Skin extracts showed, in general, superior results when compared to whole red jambo, with superior values for dehydrated products. Based on our result, red jambo can be considered as a rich source of phenolic antioxidants, as well on amylase and glucosidase inhibitors
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This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of smectite clays for color removal of textile effluents. The experiments were performed by testing exploratory/planning method factorial and fractional factorial where the factors and levels are predetermined. The smectite clays were used originating from gypsum hub of the region Araripe-PE, and the dye used was Reactive Yellow BF-4G 200%. The smectite clay was collected and transported to the Laboratory of Soil Physics of UFRPE, where it held its preparation through air drying, lump breaking and classification in sieve to then submit it to the adsorption process. Upon completion of 22 complete factorial design it was concluded that the values of (96, 96,5 and 95,8%) corresponding to the percentage of of removal for "in-kind", chemically and thermally activated, respectively and adsorbed amounts of (4,80, 4,61 and 4,74 mg/g) for three clays. Showed that the activation processes used did not increase the adsorption capacity of smectite clay. The kinetic data were best fitted to the Freundlich isotherm, with an exponential distribution of active sites and that shows above the Langmuir equation for adsorption of cations and anions by clays. The kinetic model that best adapted to the results was the pseudosecond order model. In the factorial design study 24-1, at concentrations up to 500 mg/L obtains high percentage of color removal (92,37, 90,92 and 93,40%) and adsorbed amount (230,94, 227,31 and 233,50 mg/g) for three clays. The kinetic data fitted well to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The kinetic model that best adapted to the results was the pseudosecond order model
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The increasing demand for natural dyes in place of synthetic ones is justified by the non-toxicity or low toxicity of the former. The synthetic dyes are associated with diseases like cancer as well as when released in the environment takes longer to degrade and the intermediates could be still more toxic. The Annatto (Bixa Orellana L.) is a carotenoid and one of the more important natural dyes used in the food industry. In the form of dye, it represents nearly 70% of the world natural dye production and 90% in Brazil. In the present work, annatto seeds were used of the species peruana paulista, which had nearly 2.1% of bixin. The process of dye extraction with ethyl alcohol showed 4% of dye in the form of powder with particle diameter of 28mm. The extraction process did not alter the chemical composition of the dye, which was confirmed by the electronic spectrum of absorption. Dyeings were carried out with different mordents to study the total colour difference as well as the wash fastness properties and friction fastness properties under wet and dry conditions. The samples treated with copper sulphate showed colour difference but at the same time showed better fastness results. The samples treated with resin (no formaldehyde) did not alter the colour significantly still better the fastness properties. From the results, it could be stated that the resin could be an alternative for heavy metallic mordents
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)