999 resultados para condições para infecção


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The genital HPV infection is very common between men and women worldwide, affecting particularly young women, constituting a serious public health problem in less developed regions, favored by the poor living conditions of population. The cytology and colposcopy have notorious importance in the diagnosis of precursor lesions of cervical cancer and therefore its prevention. However, even with such diagnostic tools, the number of women who develop cervical cancer is still high. This study aims to assess the prevalence of genital tract infection by HPV in pregnant and nonpregnant women, evaluating the profile of the immune response presented by the women of these two groups in order to establish correlations among profile of immune response, presence of virus and occurrence of lesions of the uterine cervix. We analyzed specimens obtained from the cervix of 221 patients, 91 pregnant and 130 non-pregnant, aged 14-72 years. The women were subjected to colposcopic and cytologic evaluation detect possible changes in the cervix and then samples were collected in order to perform HPV detection by PCR and real-time PCR for detection of mRNA of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the present study, the overall prevalence of HPV genital infection was 28.1%; of which 31.9% were pregnant patients and 25.4% in non-pregnant women. Young women under 30 years and those with low educational level education showed a higher risk of HPV infection. Colposcopy showed better correlation with detection of HPV DNA by PCR, when compared to cytology. Generally, HPV infected patients, pregnant or not, exhibited reduced mRNA expression of both pro-inflammatory (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL -10) cytokines, when compared to patients not infected by HPV. Nonpregnant patients infected presented increase mRNA expression of IL-17 in patients without injury, whereas those with lesion showed higher mRNA expression of TGF-β. Pregnant women without injury infected exhibited increased mRNA expression of TGF-β. There was no difference in HPV prevalence between pregnant and nonpregnant women. There was a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, except IL-17, in all women infected by HPV. Moreover, we observed an increase of TGF-β in HPV-infected women who are pregnant or not. The results suggest that, in women in this study, HPV infection promoted changes in the profile of cytokines necessary for activation of effective immune response, possibly favoring viral persistence

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This is a study descriptive cross-sectional and quantitative approaches, which aimed to analyze the association between hospital infection rate for insertion, maintenance of central venous catheter and the breakdown of protocols (rules and routines) by health professionals assisting patients in the ICU of a university hospital in Natal / RN. The process of data collection was through observation with structured form, refers to medical records and structured questionnaires with health professionals. The results were organized, tabulated, categorized and analyzed using SPSS 14.0. The characterization of the subjects was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics, taking into account the nature of the variables, with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation test, it was a discussion of the information obtained, considering the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance and standard error. The variables that showed a higher level of correlation were treated with the application of significance tests. As the results, 71% of participants were female and 29% male, age ranged from 18 to 85 years (52.6 ± 22.5). The insertion, there was a variation from 0 to 5 errors (1.2 ± 1.4), during maintenance, the average was 2.3 ± 0.9 errors, ranging from 0 to 4. During the insertion and maintenance of CVC, patients who had been an infection ranging from 2 to 9 mistakes (4.2 ± 1.7), since those who did not show the variation goes from 0 to 5 errors (2, 8 ± 1.5). The correlation coefficient between the risk of infection throughout the process and the risk of infection at the insertion showed strong and significant (r = 0.845 p = 0.000) and in relation to risk of infection in maintenance was moderate and significant (r = 0.551 p = 0.001). The mistakes made by professionals in the procedures for insertion and maintenance of the catheter, associated with other conditions, shown as a risk factor for the of IH

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This study started from the hypothesis of the existence of a relation between the type of the urban occupation concerning to the sustainability conditions at the proximity of Environment Protected Zones and the occurrence of vectors insects in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This research, which used data available by the City Administration Health and Urbanization Secretaries (respectively SMS and SEMURB), in the time period of 2006 to 2008, aimed to characterize the study site in terms of urban occupation, relating it to social environmental aspects of land occupation and the occurrence of vectors insects. This study is presented in two papers, the first one linking the occurrence of vectors insects and sustainable development indicators and the second relating the incidence of reported cases of Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and the occurrence of larvae infection indexes of Aedes aegypti, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State. In the first paper, was made a correlation between Dengue Fever vectors and Visceral and Tegumentar Leishmaniasis vectors and sustainable development indicators, selected from IDS Brasil- 2008. Through factorial analysis a Sustainability Index (SI) was acquired for each region, the northern region of the municipality obtained lower numbers than southern region, which, in its turn, presented better sustainability conditions. Linking this index to vector infestation parameters shows a high significant correlation between the SI and the Breteau Index of Aedes aegypti (p=0,028) as well as with SI and sand flies infestation index (p=0,01). Higher rates in vectors infestation in regions with a lower Sustainable Development Index demonstrates that this index can be used to determine the increasing of probability of Aedes and sand flies occurrence in urban environment. The second paper analyzed the occurrence of the main vector of Dengue and DHF, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, and the relation between larvae infection indexes of this insect and reported cases of the diseases. This study revealed unexpected relation where areas with higher Breteau s Indexes showed lower infection rates of Dengue Fever, although showing high incidence of DHF

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O objetivo deste estudo foi o de procurar evidências da transmissão vetorial da doença de Chagas, nos domicílios e peridomicílios de indivíduos residentes em municípios da região de Botucatu, que tiveram xenodiagnóstico positivos. Foram estudados 58 indivíduos e foi coletada amostra do sangue para a realização de exames laboratoriais. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que os indivíduos, de ambos os grupos, tinham baixa escolaridade e exerciam profissões que não exigiam qualificações técnicas. Houve discreto predomínio de indivíduos do sexo feminino. Quando comparadas às condições anteriores, verificou-se que houve discreta melhora nas condições de habitação, por outro lado, houve aumento de moradores em zona rural. Os indivíduos nascidos antes de 1983, apresentaram conhecimento e contato com triatomídeo estaticamente mais elevado quando comparado com os nascidos a partir 1983. A análise e comparação dos resultados das sorologias, referentes aos hemaglutinação passiva indireta, imunofluorescência indireta e ensaio imunoenzimático, mostrou que o ELISA apresentou maior sensibilidade. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a população nascida a partir de 1983 não conhecia o vetor transmissor da doença de Chagas.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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As parasitoses intestinais estão entre as doenças mais freqüentes que acometem o homem, principalmente nos países mais pobres, onde as condições higiênico-sanitárias são muito precárias. Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar a prevalência e identificar os fatores de risco para enteroparasitoses, na comunidade ribeirinha da Ilha de Jutuba, localizada no município de Belém-Pa. Foram examinadas 109 amostras de fezes pelos métodos direto e de sedimentação espontânea em água potável. A prevalência de enteroparasitose encontrada foi de 77,98% (85/109). O protozoário mais prevalente foi a Entamoeba histolytica (49,41%) e entre os helmintos destacaram-se os ancilostomideos (40,0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (29,41%) e Trichuris trichiura (24,71%). Não foram encontradas diferenças, estatisticamente, significativas entre parasitismo e sexo. A correlação entre o parasitismo por Giárdia lamblia e idade apresentou significância estatística (p<0,05) na faixa etária infantil. Entre os fatores de risco para doença parasitária na Ilha consideramos o baixo nível sócio-econômico, a falta de saneamento básico, o consumo de água direto do rio e o consumo de açaí in natura. A correlação entre o consumo de água não tratada e parasitose intestinal não mostrou significância estatística. A razão de chances (Oddes Ratio) calculada mostrou que os indivíduos que consomem açaí têm quatro vezes mais chances de adquirir parasitose intestinal do que os que não consomem. Conclui-se que para redução significativa na morbidade das doenças parasitárias na Ilha de Jutuba é fundamental a ação do poder público e levar à comunidade noções básicas de higiene e de educação sanitária, pois os fatores pertinentes no sentido de reduzir a prevalência de parasitoses intestinais envolvem, além de medidas de saneamento básico, o conhecimento da comunidade sobre o assunto.