Zooplankton fluctuations in Jurumirim Reservoir (São Paulo, Brazil): a three-year study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pelagic and littoral cladocerans (Crustacea, Anomopoda and Ctenopoda) from reservoirs of the Northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Vertical distribution of zooplankton in the water column of Lago Amapá, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil

O objetivo desta investigação foi observar a distribuição vertical da comunidade do zooplâncton no Lago Amapá (10º2'36S e 67º50'24W), localizado na planície de inundação do Rio Acre. Amostragens foram conduzidas em três diferentes profundidades da coluna da água, considerando aspectos sazonais do zooplâncton, parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos. Coletas foram realizadas semanalmente com Garrafa de Van Dorn. As espécies apresentaram maiores concentrações no meio da coluna da água. Foram encontradas 38 espécies, assim distribuídas: Rotifera (30), Cladocera (5) e Cyclopoida (3). A temperatura da coluna da água em geral apresentou-se alta, em torno de 30ºC, com pequena variação, resultando em baixa viscosidade. O índice de Jaccard, comparando-se as três estações de coletas, demonstrou que durante a fase de águas baixas, as estações 1 e 3 foram as mais similares (Cj = 0.7058), especialmente no meio da coluna da água. Lago Amapá apresentou características em conformidade com o Modelo do Distúrbio Intermediário, favorecendo a colonização de grupos oportunistas, tais como rotíferos.

Effect of atypical rainfall on lotic zooplankton: comparing downstream of a reservoir and tributaries with free stretches

To contribute to the knowledge of lotic zooplankton from dammed and free stretches, we tested the hypothesis that the ecological attributes are different between these environments, which are subjected to several effects caused by different hydrological conditions. The study was carried out in the low Iguacu river, a large hydrographic basin in the south of Brasil. Two samplings were performed, one in the dry period (April/04) and the other in the atypical rainy period (July/04), in five stations downstream a large reservoir, and other 12 stations in four tributaries representing the upper, intermediate and low regions of each river. The observations suggest a clear spatial distribution of zooplankton in lotic stretches subjected or not to damming, mainly due to the effects of physical, chemical and biological variables. Furthermore, the atypical rainfall promoted alterations in community structure when compared to the dry period.

Baixa diversidade de zooplâncton na desembocadura de uma represa eutrófica (SP, Brasil): reflexo da poluição?

The Tiete River (in São Paulo state) receives most of the efuents of the metropolitan region of São Paulo; and the Barra Bonita reservoir, 200 km distant downstream, receives and recycle most of that pollution load. This work studied the ecological features of the zooplankton (Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda) sampled in a point of Tiete River's mouth. Monthly samples were collected, from April, 2001 to February, 2008. The hypothesis currently tested was that the composition and availability of zooplankton were similar to the others reservoir regions (middle and lacustrine sensu Thornton) and to other reservoirs of the Upper Parana River basin, supporting the idea that these organisms manage to stand the strong pollution. The reservoir shows a typical variation of accumulation, with wide variation of seasonal altimetric grading and large fow in the rainy pe- riod, infuenced by the rainfall regime, with efects upon zooplankton assemblage. As a whole, 24 species were registered: 12 Rotifera, 8 Cladocera and 4 Copepoda. Data showed that the hypothesis formulated must be rejected, due the variation trends of zooplankton environmental attributes not being regular, with relatively high abundance values for a lotic environment in specifc months, and low organism abundance or absence in other months. Those facts can be attributed to pollution efects conducting to low dissolved oxygen concentration (> 4mg.l-1) in some months, which causes the zooplankton community to be very much afected. [K]

Abundância natural do isótopo estável de carbono (13C) de alguns itens alimentares e sua contribuição no crescimento de juvenis de pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Agassiz, 1829) (Osteichthyes, Pimelodidae)

The aim of this study is to determine the natural abundance of carbon stable isotope (13C) of some food components and determine its contribution to the pintado juvenile growth, in laboratory conditions. 150 fishes were used with average weight of 1.39 g, and stocked in two net ponds with 125L each, during 60 days. Every 10 days a water sample was collected to analyse phytoplakton and zooplankton. Clacocera was dominant in the analysis of the stomach contents, following Chironomidae and Copepoda. A fish sample was collected in the beginning, and at the end of the experiment to analyses the isotopic signal. An average value of -20.94; -15.36 and -18.81 δ13C%o was obtained for phytoplankton, Cladocera and Chironomidae, respectively. Cladocera was the main carbon source and contribution with carbon average 89.24% in feeding this species, while the Chironomid contribution was 10.76%. The δ13C was effective as carbon tracer in food chain, because the consumer reflects its diet isotopicly.

Diurnal variation of zooplankton biochemical composition and biomass in plankton production tanks

The nutritional value of zooplankton (lipid and phosphorus contents) was analyzed in outdoor, plankton-culture tanks, to monitor the effects of diurnal variation and fertilization. Total lipid contents were significantly higher (average values of about 14% DW) for the treatment fertilized during the sampling week. A significantly highher total lipid concentrations generally coincided with high biomass of Moina sp. (Cladocera) and Thermocyclops sp. nauplii (Copepoda), which is probably related to zooplankton filtration rates. The values tended to be higher during the afternoon and the night. Phosphorus contents in the zooplanktonic population varied from 0.15 to 0.91% DW, with significant differences among the tanks. The zooplankton nutritional quality was greatly influenced by fertilization, which also determined the species composition in the tanks.

Distribuição de cladóceros planctônicos (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) em um reservatório eutrófico raso (Paraná, Brasil)

This study focused the spatial and temporal distribution of the composition, abundance, and diversity of planktonic cladocerans from eutrophic, Iraí Reservoir, as well as their relationships with some biotic and abiotic variables. The tested hypothesis was that cladocerans present higher variation in a temporal than in a spatial scale. The samples were taken monthly in 6 stations, from March/02 to July/03. Twenty-four taxa were identified, distributed in 7 families, the richest families being Daphniidae (6 spp.), Chydoridae (6 spp.), and Bosminidae (5 spp.). The most frequent and abundant species were Bosmina hagmanni, Moina minuta, and Ceriodaphnia cornuta. The highest abundances were found in September/2002. Temporally, rainfall influenced organism's distribution, while spatially cladocerans were more affected by reservoir hydrodynamics and wind action. The low species richness could be a reflection of the trophic state of the reservoir, in which a dominance of Cyanobacteria was observed during that study period. Both scales showed high variation, but only the temporal scale showed significant difference to richness and abundance. Nearby the end of this study, higher stable values of species richness were recorded, which could suggest an increase in the water quality due to des-pollutions actions.

Multi-dimensional effects on Cladoceran (Crustacea, Anomopoda) assemblages in two cascade reservoirs in Southeast Brazil

The Cladocera assemblages in two cascade reservoirs located in the Paranapanema River in Brazil were studied during two consecutive years. Upstream Chavantes Reservoir is an accumulation system, with a long water retention time, high depth and oligo-mesotrophic status. The downstream Salto Grande Reservoir is a small, run-of-river reservoir, with a short water retention time, shallow depth and meso-eutrophic status. The goal of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-reservoir limnological differences with emphasis on the Cladocerans assemblages. The following questions were posed: (i) what are the seasonal dynamics of the reservoir spatial structures; (ii) how dynamics, seasonally, is the reservoirs spatial structure; and (iii) are the reservoir independent systems? A total of 43 Cladoceran species were identified in this study. Ceriodaphnia silvestrii was the most abundant and frequent species found in Chavantes Reservoir, while C. cornuta was most abundant and frequent in Salto Grande Reservoir. The Cladoceran species richness differed significantly among sampling sites for both reservoirs. In terms of abundance, there was a significant variation among sampling sites and periods for both reservoirs. A cluster analysis indicated a higher similarity among the deeper compartments, and the intermediate river-reservoir zones was grouped with the riverine sampling sites. For the smaller Salto Grande Reservoir, the entrance of a middle size tributary causes major changes in the system. A distinct environment was observed in the river mouth zone of another small tributary, representing a shallow environment with aquatic macrophyte stands. A canonical correlation analysis between environmental variables and Cladoceran abundance explained 75% of the data variability, and a complementary factorial analysis explained 65% of the variability. The spatial compartmentalization of the reservoirs, as well as the particular characteristics of the two study reservoirs, directly influenced the structure of the Cladoceran assemblages. The conditions of the lacustrine (dam) zone of the larger Chavantes Reservoir were reflected in the upstream zone of the smaller downstream Salto Grande Reservoir, highlighting the importance of plankton exportation in reservoir cascade systems. The comparative spatial-temporal analysis indicated conspicuous differences between the two reservoirs, reinforcing the necessity of considering tropical/subtropical reservoirs as complex, multi-compartmental water systems. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Evaluación de la primera alimentación en larvas de capaz pimelodus grosskopfii bajo condiciones de laboratorio

Evaluate the performance and survival of capaz larvae Pimelodus grosskopfii after supplying live food (Cladocera, Copepod and Artemia Salina). Materials and methods. Capaz larva were placed in plastic containers with an useful volume of 3 L , and a larvae density of 10 L-1, they were fed four times a day during 15 days with newly hatched Artemia nauplii, Cladocerans of the genders Moina and Ceriodaphnia and Copepods calanoides. Capaz larva were weighed and measured at the beginning and the end of the experiment in order to evaluate their weight gain (WG), length gain (LG), specific growth rate (SGR), relative growth factor (RGF), and survival rate(S). Results. The treatment that showed the best results in WG, LG and S was the lot fed with Artemia nauplii (3.8±0.2 mg, 8±0.7 mm and 48.3% respectively), followed by sample supplied with Cladocera and Copepods. Conclusions. The Artemia nauplii treatment revealed the best results on the productive variables evaluated in P. grosskopfii larvae at the beginning of their exogenous feeding.

Caracterização da comunidade de microcrustáceos e avaliação de potenciais predadores vertebrados e invertebrados em dois reservatórios na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos da tilapicultura em tanques-rede sobre as assembléias zooplanctônicas do Reservatório de Chavantes, rio Paranapanema (SP/PR)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Variação espaço-temporal do zooplâncton em diferentes ambientes do médio Rio Xingu-PA

Estudos relacionados à variação espacial e sazonal das comunidades zooplanctônicas de um trecho do médio Rio Xingu, no Estado do Pará, foram realizados em dois ambientes de lagos e de canal. As coletas foram realizadas com periodicidade mensal durante um ciclo anual, estimando-se os parâmetros:diversidade, densidade, biomassa, produção secundária e os grupos funcionais de cada localidade (lago, remanso e corredeira). Um total de 166 espécies pertencentes principalmente a três grupos taxonômicos foi registrado para todos os ambientes: Rotifera 141 espécies; Cladocera com 20 espécies; e Copepoda com cinco espécies. A maior densidade numérica foi de Rotifera no período de seca, com diminuição na cheia. As estimativas do número esperado de espécies baseado nas curvas de rarefação mostrou que a diversidade zooplanctônica no lago Pimental, ambientes de remanso e corredeiras, não atingiram a assíntota para a riqueza total de espécies coletadas. Para o Lago da Ilha Grande, a riqueza foi menor em relação aos outros ambientes estudados, e atingiu a assíntota no décimo segundo mês de coleta. A densidade total média (org.m-3) do zooplâncton, para os ambientes de canal do rio, nos pontos de Boa Esperança e Arroz Cru, apresentou uma variação sazonal com os maiores valores para o período da seca, sendo que os rotíferos constituíram o grupo taxonômico melhor representado em termos de densidade. A biomassa total seca apresentou uma variação de 0,063 a 2,2 g.m-2. O lago da Ilha Grande foi o ambiente que apresentou maior dispersão na biomassa com valores de 0,39 a 1,2 g.m-2 no período da cheia e 0,66 g.m-2 para período da seca. Sete grupos foram encontrados em 35% de similaridade entre os ambientes estudados na variação sazonal. O grupo formado por organismos do Lago de Pimental no período de cheia foi o mais dissimilar. De acordo com a análise de similaridade das porcentagens (SIMPER), houve uma similaridade interna média, no período da cheia, dos ambientes de corredeira com aproximadamente 58%; remanso com similaridade média de 48% e de Lago, apresentando uma baixa similaridade interna de 23%. A dissimilaridade foi maior entre os ambientes de corredeira e lago, ambos no período de cheia (70%). A Análise de similaridade bifatorial indicou que não há diferenças significativas entre os ambientes estudados (ANOSIM r = 0,263; P = 0,2). Os lagos foram os que apresentaram comunidades vi zooplanctônicas estatisticamente diferenciadas dos demais ambientes no médio Rio Xingu. Para os ambientes estudados, as principais espécies encontradas apresentaram diferentes hábitos alimentares, sendo estas detritívoras, filtradoras e onívoras. Os resultados obtidos para os ambientes aquáticos do médio Rio Xingu mostraram um padrão de maior diversificação dos Rotifera e dos Cladocera, confirmando os estudos para outros ambientes amazônicos, onde ao que parece, ocorre esta tendência independentemente do tipo de águas dentro da classificação de Sioli. Os distintos ambientes apresentaram uma redução na densidade do zooplâncton, que acompanharam o aumento do volume das águas do rio, e que pode estar associada com o forte efeito diluidor das águas pelo aumento do nível do rio, e por sua vez, um efeito perturbador na estabilidade dos ambientes de lago.

Análise comparativa da dieta, seletividade alimentar e estrutura da ictiofauna, juvenis e espécies de pequeno porte, em lagoas marginais do reservatório de Rosana (Rio Paranapanema, SP/PR)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Inter-relações entre zooplâncton e fitoplâncton mediante herbivoria na Lagoa do Camargo (zona de desembocadura do Rio Paranapanema na Represa de Jurumirim)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)