Reciclagem de pó de aciaria elétrica como matéria-prima na fabricação de materiais cerâmicos argilosos : controle das emissões atmosféricas de zinco

O pó de aciaria é um dos resíduos sólidos gerados pela indústria siderúrgica durante a produção de aço em forno elétrico a arco. Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a evolução de Zn na produção de materiais cerâmicos ao utilizar-se pó de aciaria como matéria-prima no processamento de massas cerâmicas à base de argilas vermelhas. Para tanto, foram preparadas massas cerâmicas contendo 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 e 30% em peso de pó de aciaria. Os corpos-de-prova, medindo cerca de 20x60x8 mm3, foram prensados e queimados em fornos elétricos tipo mufla, em laboratório. As temperaturas de queima foram de 850oC a 1050oC, taxa de aquecimento de 150°C/h e 300°C/h, em patamar de queima de 2 horas. Com o objetivo de avaliar as possíveis emissões atmosféricas geradas durante a queima, os corpos-de-prova foram dispostos em um reator de quartzo, com pressão abaixo da pressão atmosférica. As emissões gasosas assim coletadas eram lavadas e a água de lavagem foi analisada. Os resultados mostraram que Zn foi coletado nas águas de lavagens dos gases, não ficando totalmente imobilizado na estrutura cerâmica. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que quanto maior a taxa de aquecimento, maior a emissão de zinco nas águas de lavagem dos gases. O pó de aciaria é um dos resíduos sólidos gerados pela indústria siderúrgica durante a produção de aço em forno elétrico a arco. Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a evolução de Zn na produção de materiais cerâmicos ao utilizar-se pó de aciaria como matéria-prima no processamento de massas cerâmicas à base de argilas vermelhas. Para tanto, foram preparadas massas cerâmicas contendo 0, 1, 5, 10, 20 e 30% em peso de pó de aciaria. Os corpos-de-prova, medindo cerca de 20x60x8 mm3, foram prensados e queimados em fornos elétricos tipo mufla, em laboratório. As temperaturas de queima foram de 850oC a 1050oC, taxa de aquecimento de 150°C/h e 300°C/h, em patamar de queima de 2 horas. Com o objetivo de avaliar as possíveis emissões atmosféricas geradas durante a queima, os corpos-de-prova foram dispostos em um reator de quartzo, com pressão abaixo da pressão atmosférica. As emissões gasosas assim coletadas eram lavadas e a água de lavagem foi analisada. Os resultados mostraram que Zn foi coletado nas águas de lavagens dos gases, não ficando totalmente imobilizado na estrutura cerâmica. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que quanto maior a taxa de aquecimento, maior a emissão de zinco nas águas de lavagem dos gases.

Concorrência monopolística: caso da indústria de pisos cerâmicos no Brasil

Analisa a teoria da concorrência monopolística e verifica a sua validade para o estudo da tendência da estrutura de mercado da indústria de pisos cerâmicos no Brasil. Após investigar cada uma das variáveis relevantes, conclui que o setor tem características compatíveis com a concorrência monopolitica. A entrada de novos investidores no setor, debilita o poder de cada produto sobre o mercado. No longo prazo, o setor tenderá a continuar competitivo, com produtos ligeiramente diferenciados

Avaliação e valorização de recursos agrícolas: avaliação nutricional e mineral de variedades tradicionais de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L.) provenientes da Madeira e Açores

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de avaliar nutricionalmente variedades agrícolas regionais madeirenses e açorianas de Ipomoea batatas L. (batata-doce). No total 18 amostras foram analisadas, entre as quais 11 são variedades provindas da Madeira e outras 7 provindas dos Açores. O maior objectivo deste estudo foi comparar a composição nutricional e mineral de um conjunto de variedades de batata-doce, valorizando assim os recursos agrícolas da Madeira e Açores. A caracterização nutricional e mineral dos rizomas, produzidos nestas regiões, proporcionou informação relevante para a valorização destes recursos. Sendo um rizoma tropical consumido habitualmente pela população e disponível todo o ano, torna essencial a sua avaliação. A análise laboratorial dos rizomas permitiu determinar um conjunto de características nutricionais. De um modo geral, os valores nutricionais médios detectados em rizomas de batata-doce destas duas regiões são de 93,64 g/100g de MS para o resíduo seco, 3,01 g/100g de MS para cinzas, 3,19 g/100g de MS para fibra (ADF), 1,21 g/100g de MS para gordura bruta, 3,20 g/100g de MS para proteína, 14,00 g/100g de MS para açúcares solúveis e 59,72 g/100g de MS para o amido. A análise mineral incluiu a determinação de fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, ferro, cobre, zinco, manganês e boro. Na variedade “De cenoura” (ISOP 1028), foi quantificado o nível de pro-vitamina A pela técnica de HPLC, que foi verificado ser 12,48 mg/100g em MS de β-caroteno. Os dados obtidos na análise nutricional foram usados para construir uma base de dados no NIRS (Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy) de modo a construir um modelo de previsão que possa predizer o valor nutritivo de um grande número de amostras em tempo reduzido, com um mínimo de impacto ambiental. Posteriormente, os dados obtidos através das análises nutricionais e minerais foram introduzidos no software estatístico SPSS 19.0 para determinar correlações e similaridades.

Estudo comparativo da queima rápida com a queima tradicional nas propriedades de materiais cerâmicos de base argilos

Dutra, R. P. S.; Varela,M. L.; Nascimento, R. M. ; Gomes, U. U. ; Martinelli1, A. E. ; Paskocimas, C. A. Estudo comparativo da queima rápida com a queima tradicional nas propriedades de materiais cerâmicos de base argilosa. Cerâmica [online]. 2009, vol.55, n.333, pp. 100-105. ISSN 0366-6913. doi:Disponivem em: . Acesso em: 04 out. 2010.

Previsão do índice bovespa por meio de redes neurais artificiais: uma análise comparada aos métodos tradicionais de séries de tempo

Forecast is the basis for making strategic, tactical and operational business decisions. In financial economics, several techniques have been used to predict the behavior of assets over the past decades.Thus, there are several methods to assist in the task of time series forecasting, however, conventional modeling techniques such as statistical models and those based on theoretical mathematical models have produced unsatisfactory predictions, increasing the number of studies in more advanced methods of prediction. Among these, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are a relatively new and promising method for predicting business that shows a technique that has caused much interest in the financial environment and has been used successfully in a wide variety of financial modeling systems applications, in many cases proving its superiority over the statistical models ARIMA-GARCH. In this context, this study aimed to examine whether the ANNs are a more appropriate method for predicting the behavior of Indices in Capital Markets than the traditional methods of time series analysis. For this purpose we developed an quantitative study, from financial economic indices, and developed two models of RNA-type feedfoward supervised learning, whose structures consisted of 20 data in the input layer, 90 neurons in one hidden layer and one given as the output layer (Ibovespa). These models used backpropagation, an input activation function based on the tangent sigmoid and a linear output function. Since the aim of analyzing the adherence of the Method of Artificial Neural Networks to carry out predictions of the Ibovespa, we chose to perform this analysis by comparing results between this and Time Series Predictive Model GARCH, developing a GARCH model (1.1).Once applied both methods (ANN and GARCH) we conducted the results' analysis by comparing the results of the forecast with the historical data and by studying the forecast errors by the MSE, RMSE, MAE, Standard Deviation, the Theil's U and forecasting encompassing tests. It was found that the models developed by means of ANNs had lower MSE, RMSE and MAE than the GARCH (1,1) model and Theil U test indicated that the three models have smaller errors than those of a naïve forecast. Although the ANN based on returns have lower precision indicator values than those of ANN based on prices, the forecast encompassing test rejected the hypothesis that this model is better than that, indicating that the ANN models have a similar level of accuracy . It was concluded that for the data series studied the ANN models show a more appropriate Ibovespa forecasting than the traditional models of time series, represented by the GARCH model

Comunidades tradicionais em áreas protegidas: convergências e lacunas da Política Urbana e Ambiental na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão/RN

This work presents a reflection on possibilities and boundaries of consolidation and expansion of human settlements characterized as traditional communities that are located within protected areas, using as study reference the State Sustainable Development Reserve Ponta do Tubarão, at Rio Grande do Norte state. The main topics highlight the conflict between the right to housing and the prevalence of fundamental rights of traditional populations, opposed to the diffuse right to environment, according to the regulatory framework of the Brazilian Urban and Environmental Policies. At the same time that these settlements, historically built, are substantiated by the principles of recognition of rights to traditional populations, they are in a condition of complexity to the resolution of conflicts in its urban dimension and lead to an impairment of natural sites. This work questions how the instruments of land use and occupation are defined and relate to environmental planning, especially considering that the settlements are located in Permanent Preservation Areas (APP). It aims to further the discussion of the urban dimension in settlements, characterizing its formation and growth process, to identify the gaps and convergences between the Urban and Environmental Policy, under the foundations of a socio-environmental approach. The results spotlights the conflicts between occupation and natural areas, inferring that the definition of Urban Policies instruments and its integration with Environmental Policies instruments account for essential and priority actions to the achievement to the rights to a sustainable city, as determined in the Cities Statute and environmental protection goals, defined for the Conservation Units

Avaliação da conformidade de blocos cerâmicos para alvenaria de vedação produzidas na Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento da Grande Teresina

This research presents an outlook of the industries of red ceramic in the region next to the city of Teresina and an analysis of the ceramic products producted in this pole. The microregion investigated possesses 13 boroughs where were identified 32 ceramic in operation, being that 24 are located in Teresina, the ceramic region more important of Piauí, 1 is located in the city of Miguel Leão and 7 is located in Timon city that belongs to the state of Maranhão. The majority of ceramics are pulverized in these two cities, Teresina and Timon , responsible by a largely production independent of distance between fabric and consumer market. Furthermore, there is an artisanal production realized in other boroughs, mainly manual conformation bricks, where are producted diverse types of handicraft and ceramics utilitarian. The objective of this research is to evalue the conformity of ceramic blocks for brick of obstruction made by red ceramic industry of microregion at studying, verifying their pontentialities and adequacy in terms of production. In this research universe made a search of ceramic industries related to the Foundation CEPRO (Foundation Center of Research Social and Economic of Piauí). For the analysis of the ceramic products , were colected 60 crude bricks sample in three industries for their characterization, and 39 burned bricks sample for the Evaluation of Conformity. The results of the characterization made reached a accetptable standard in all formulations and temperature studied. The burned samples were applied to the geometric, physical and mechanical assays according to the ABNT standards (Brazilian Association of Technical Standards). The results of the physical assays showed that all the samples are at the same band recommended by standard. However, through the geometric assays just two industries did not present results according to the standard, due to lack of control in their process such as in their equipments. Taking into account the mechanical properties, only one industry investigated was not according to the standard

Síntese, caracterização e cinética da decomposição térmica dos materiais cerâmicos PrMO3 (M = Ni ou Co)

In this work have been studied the preparation, characterization and kinetic study of decomposition of the polymerizing agent used in the synthesis under non-isothermal condition ceramics PrMO3 of general formula (M = Co and Ni). These materials were obtained starting from the respective metal nitrates, as a cations source, and making use of gelatin as polymerizing agent. The powders were calcined at temperatures of 500°C, 700°C and 900°C and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG / DTG/ DTA), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The perovskite phase was detected in all the X-rays patterns. In the infrared spectroscopy observed the oxide formation as the calcination temperature increases with the appearance of the band metal - oxygen. The images of SEM revealed uniform distribution for the PrCoO3 and particles agglomerated as consequence of particle size for PrNiO3. From the data of thermal analysis, the kinetics of decomposition of organic matter was employed using the kinetics methods called Model Free Kinetics and Flynn and Wall, in the heating ratios 10, 20 and 30° C.min-1 between room temperature and 700°C. Finally, been obtained the values of activation energy for the region of greatest decomposition of organic matter in samples that were determined by the degree of conversion (α)

Adição de cascalho de perfuração da bacia potiguar em argilas para uso em materiais cerâmicos: influência da concentração e temperatura de queima.

One of waste produced on large scale during the well drilling is the gravel drilling. There are techniques for the treatment of the same, but there isn t consensus on what are the best in terms of economic and environmental. One alternative for disposal of this waste and objective of this paper is the incorporation and immobilization of gravel clay matrix to assess their technological properties. The Raw Materials used were characterized by the following techniques: Chemical Analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), mineralogical analysis by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Grain Size Analysis (FA) and Thermal Analysis by Thermogravimetry (TG) and thermodiferential (DTA). After characterizing, samples were formulated in the following percentages: 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100% (weight) of gravel drilling, then the pieces were pressed, dried (110 ° C) and sintered at temperatures of 850, 950 and 1050 ° C. After sintering, samples were tested for water absorption, linear shrinkage, flexural strength, porosity, density, XRD and test color. The results concluded that the incorporation of gravel drilling is a viable possibility for solid masonry bricks and ceramic blocks manufacture at concentrations and firing temperature described here. Residue incorporation reduces an environmental problem, the cost of raw materials for manufacture of ceramic products

Síntese e caracterização de espinélios a base de Cu, Fe e Cr para pigmentos cerâmicos

Inorganic pigment comprises a host lattice, which is part of the chromophore component (usually a transition metal cation) and possible components modifiers, which stabilize, add or restate the properties pigments. Among the materials with spinel, ferrites, and the chromite stand out, because they have broad technological importance in the area of materials, applicability, pigments, catalytic hydrogenation, thin film, ceramic tiles, among others. The present work, pigments containing CuFe2O4, CuCr2O4,e CuFeCrO4, were synthesized by a method that makes use of gelatin as organic precursor using their application to ceramic pigments. The pigments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopy in the UV-visible and Colorimetry. The results confirmed the feasibility of the synthetic route used, with respect to powders synthesized, there is the formation of spinel phase from 500°C, with an increase in crystallinity and the formation of other phases. The pigments were shown to be crystalline and the desired phases were obtained. The copper chromite have hues ranging from green to black according to the calcination temperature, while the copper chromite doped with iron had brownish. The ferrites showed copper color and darker brown to black, which may indicate an interesting factor because of the importance of black pigment