Analyse des facteurs influençant le choix de programme de résidence des leaders étudiants en médecine du Québec : le rôle des GIMF

Problématique : En dépit de nombreuses initiatives et interventions au cours des dernières années, l’intérêt des étudiants en médecine pour la médecine de famille (MF) demeure inférieur aux attentes des planificateurs de services de santé. Objectifs : Préciser les facteurs qui influencent les leaders étudiants en médecine dans leur choix de programme de résidence en s’intéressant plus spécifiquement aux groupes d’intérêt en médecine de famille (GIMF) et aux moyens d’accroître leur efficacité. Stratégie et devis : Approche synthétique par étude de cas multiples à un seul niveau d’analyse. Recherche descriptive à finalité instrumentale en recherche-action. Participants : Leaders étudiants de trois facultés de médecine du Québec (n=21), sélectionnés par choix raisonné à l’aide d’un sociogramme. Méthode : Groupes de discussion et questionnaire autoadministré. Analyse qualitative assistée par le logiciel N-Vivo. Résultats : Différents facteurs, dont l’existence des GIMF, influencent le choix de carrière des étudiants en médecine. Pour augmenter la capacité des GIMF d’intéresser les étudiants à la MF, on pourrait notamment s’appuyer sur les groupes d’intérêt d’autres spécialités et développer une approche de marketing social auprès des indécis, insistant sur leurs motivations d’ordre émotionnel. Conclusion : Les GIMF peuvent contribuer à la promotion et à la valorisation de la MF chez les étudiants en médecine du Québec. En s’intéressant aux leaders étudiants en médecine et leur influence naturelle sur leurs pairs, il est possible d’accroître l’efficacité des GIMF.

Les effets de la maternité sur les trajectoires de carrière des femmes diplômées au Québec : le rôle des aspirations de carrière

Malgré les nombreux progrès effectués par les femmes sur le marché du travail, plusieurs difficultés persistent au niveau de leur représentation au sein de postes stratégiques et d'influence dans les organisations québécoises et ce, bien qu'elles soient aujourd'hui plus scolarisées que les hommes. Notre étude s'intéresse aux barrières contribuant à cette situation, plus particulièrement aux effets de la maternité sur les aspirations de carrière, et par le fait même sur les trajectoires de carrière des femmes diplômées universitaires. Cette étude qualitative a été réalisée à l'aide de données primaires colligées auprès de onze femmes membres de l'Ordre des conseillers en gestion des ressources humaines agrées (CRHA) et conseillers en relations industrielles agrées (CRIA) du Québec. À travers nos résultats, nous montrons qu'une diversité de facteurs au niveau sociétal, organisationnel, individuel et familial concourt à rendre difficile l'accès aux postes stratégiques et d'influence des organisations. Parmi ces facteurs, la maternité a pour effet d'influencer négativement les trajectoires de carrière des femmes en diminuant l'investissement temporel dans le travail et la mobilité géographique et internationale. Nos résultats soutiennent aussi que l'arrivée des enfants a pour effet de modifier les aspirations de carrière des femmes vers plus d'équilibre. De cette manière, les femmes auraient tendance à ce moment de leur vie à faire des choix favorisant une meilleure conciliation travail-famille. Ainsi, cette aspiration de carrière a pour effet d'influencer les trajectoires de carrière des mères vers des emplois où une flexibilité d'horaire est possible, comme c'est le cas en optant pour le travail autonome ou pour un emploi ne requérant pas de déplacements à l'extérieur, par exemple. En somme, cette étude contribue à la littérature sur les facteurs influençant les trajectoires de carrière féminines, puisque les effets médiateurs des aspirations de carrière entre la maternité et les trajectoires de carrière ont été peu étudiés à ce jour. Elle permet en ce sens d'observer les mécanismes des choix de carrière à ce moment précis de la vie des femmes.

Strategies for combating gendered perceptions of careers

Purpose – Earlier work on career choice has identified that career choice involves gendered processes which lead to differentiated career outcomes for women and men. However, this literature remained anaemic in offering career counselling strategies for addressing the negative impacts of these processes. The paper aims to explore the creativity cycle and other tools derived from personal construct psychology (PCP) and other feminist literature as potential means for dissolving gendered perceptions of various professions and organisational practices. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper. Findings – The paper argues that PCP can provide a theoretical and methodological framework for discussing how dichotomous and gender identified the perceptions of professions can be and how such perceptions might be challenged. Practical implications – This theory and its techniques allow us an exploration of the flexibility of one’s constructions system, which determines a person’s ability to construe alternative views and to develop new ways of understanding oneself and others. Originality/value – The PCP’s potential as a technique to combat gendered perceptions of a career is examined.

Are negative perceptions of the accounting profession perpetuated by the introductory accounting course? An Australian study

This study investigates perceptions of the work of accountant:! held by first-year accounting students as part of a national survey of accounting students. First-year commerce students from five tertiary institutions were surveyed about their perceptions of the accounting profession as well as their intention to complete a major study of accounting at tertiary level. lnfluences on the formation of their perceptions formed an important part of the study. The results reported in this paper serve to illustrate that the majority of students surveyed had negative perceptions of accounting. The source of influences on perceptions indicated that perceptions were mainly derived from tertiary education experiences. As perceptions influence choice of major and career choice, the findings have important implications for accounting educators and professional accounting bodies

ICT and girls: the need for a large scale intervention programme

In recent years there have been fewer students enrolling into ICT courses and subsequently there has been a significant decline in ICT graduates. The decline in participation by females has been even greater than for males resulting in a further widening of the gender imbalance in this discipline. Much of the research indicates that it is the early years that influence children's decisions regarding career choice. For many girls, although
they are initially interested and engaged with IT in their early years of schooling, this fades as they reach middle and senior secondary school. Reasons for this decline in interest include the perceptions that, among other things, IT is ‘geeky’, male dominated and generally not a people focused career. There have been many initiatives to try and redress the problem however most are localised, poorly funded and depend very much on one key individual usually in schools. This paper briefly describes the outcomes of the Young Girls ICT project designed to encourage girls to continue with computing. The paper considers what the best options might be for encouraging more girls to continue to study computing.

Girls and computing-still a way to go

Years after the introduction of computing in Australian schools, computer classrooms are still heavily dominated by male students studying subjects which have little appeal to female students, explains the author. This article looks at why girls are less likely to choose computing as a subject to study or to consider computing for a future career.

Influences on the supply of accounting graduates in Australia: a focus on international students

This paper examines the influences on the potential supply of accounting graduates in Australia with reference to the personal and social influences on the decision to major in accounting using the Theory of Reasoned Action and focusing on differences between local and international students. Responses from 437 accounting majors' found that personal attitudes linked to 'intrinsic interest' and 'extrinsic interest' was influential in choice of major. 'Reference groups' were an important social influence for international students. The findings have implications for government policy and the accounting profession in terms of attracting students and particularly international students, who are sufficiently interested in accounting as a career choice to address the skill shortage in Australia.

Agency nursing work in acute care settings: perceptions of hospital nursing managers and agency nurse providers

• There is a paucity of research in investigating agency nursing work from the perspectives of hospital nursing managers and agency nurse providers.

• This exploratory paper examines the hospital nursing managers' and agency nurse providers' perceptions and experiences of agency nursing work.

• Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with three agency nurse providers and eight hospital nursing managers. Because of the lack of previous research in this area, an exploratory, semi-structured interviewing technique was deemed appropriate.

• Three major themes emerged from interview data: planning for ward allocation, communication and professionalism.

• In planning for ward allocation, hospital managers were primarily concerned with maintaining adequate numbers of nursing staff in the ward settings. A major concern for agency nurse providers was inappropriate allocation of temporary staff.

• Communication was valued in different ways. While hospital managers focused on communication between the agency nurse and other permanent members of the health care team, agency providers were concerned with exchanges between agencies and hospital organizations, and between the agencies and agency nurses.

• For both groups, responsibility for professional development and the status of agency nursing as a career choice for graduate and experienced nurses were the focal aspects for consideration.

• A limitation of this study is the small number of individual interviews conducted with hospital nursing managers and agency nurse providers. Nevertheless, the findings represent the views of 11 individuals in senior managerial roles.

• The findings reinforce the need to enhance collaboration between hospitals and nursing agencies, and to examine how divergent views of agency nursing work could be reconciled – with the aim of providing quality patient care.

Engineering education for primary school students

There have been a number of recent state and national reports noting the reduction in the numbers and calibre of students seeking to enter engineering education. Contributing reasons identified for this include the poor image of the profession generally, and that engineering is poorly understood in schools. The recent review of science and technology in primary schools identifies that primary school science and technology education needs to be improved, and that technology education is given significantly less time than science education in primary schools. It is clear that there are no short-term solutions to increase the number and calibre of engineering undergraduates. Improvements will only come when the community at large is better informed about the nature of engineering, and values more highly the contributions of the profession. This paper reports on a state-wide, Victorian engineering awareness competition organised by the Geelong Group of the IEAust in 1996. The results of the awareness competition are presented and its effectiveness is evaluated. Further consideration is given to factors contributing to career choice and the time at which students begin making this decision.

Perceptions of engineering from female secondary college students in regional Victoria

Survey and focus group interviews with female students in regional Victoria resulted in identification of four perceived barriers that influence them to exclude engineering as a career choice. These barriers were identified as a lack of interest in the perceived image, a lack of knowledge, a traditionally maledominated industry, and limited recognisable role models. This paper reports on what Year 10 females are saying about the barriers and, consequently, how engineering can be promoted to overcome these barriers.

Opportunity lost? The major in mental health nursing in Australia

The ongoing difficulty in educating and sustaining an adequate nursing workforce in mental health settings has been identified throughout the world. Different strategies have been implemented internationally to deal with this situation. In Australia major streams in mental health nursing were introduced in some Australian universities to promote mental health nursing as a viable career choice for nursing students. Fourteen universities had implemented or planned to implement a major stream in mental health nursing. From a survey of these programs a lack of consistency in the structure and content of programs was evident. For most programs the intakes had been relatively small, although retention rates appeared promising.

Modelling of vocational excellence: An international perspective

This paper provides an overview of the findings from a Finnish Ministry of Education sponsored project called ‘Modeling of Vocational Excellence’ (MoVE) and an Australian application and adaptation of this research: ‘MoVE Australia’. The Finnish MoVE research project was conducted by the Research Centre for Vocational Education at the University of Tampere explored WorldSkills as a site for the development of expertise and pursuit of excellence. It addressed questions about the abilities and attributes of competitors, and the social and environmental factors which influenced their skill development. The Australian project administered the Finnish MoVE survey to the Australian international WorldSkills team which will compete in London in October 2011 and introduced a second survey about competitor experience, designed to give voice to the young people involved in WorldSkills. This survey was administered to competitors, trainers and judges participating in the WSA National Competition held in Brisbane in May 2010, and later to employers and families. The Australian extension of the Finnish research has generated a rich source of experiential data, providing fresh insights into career choice and training. The findings of the research offer opportunities for reviewing elements of trade training and raise questions about the role of a competitive community of practice in quality skill formation and about the current level of research on this aspect of Australia VET practice.

The introduction of an undergraduate interventional radiology (IR) curriculum: impact on medical student knowledge and interest in IR

INTRODUCTION: Interventional radiology (IR) plays a vital role in modern medicine, with increasing demand for services, but with a shortage of experienced interventionalists. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a recently introduced IR curriculum on perception, knowledge, and interest of medical students regarding various aspects of IR. METHODS: In 2014, an anonymous web-based questionnaire was sent to 309 4th year medical students in a single institution within an EU country, both before and after delivery of a 10-h IR teaching curriculum. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent (236/309) of the respondents participated in the pre-IR module survey, while 50 % (157/309) responded to the post-IR module survey. While 62 % (147/236) of the respondents reported poor or no knowledge of IR compared to other medical disciplines in the pre-IR module survey, this decreased to 17 % (27/157) in the post-IR module survey. The correct responses regarding knowledge of selected IR procedures improved from 70 to 94 % for venous access, 78 to 99 % for uterine fibroid embolization, 75 to 97 % for GI bleeding embolization, 60 to 92 % for trauma embolization, 71 to 92 % for tumor ablation, and 81 to 94 % for angioplasty and stenting in peripheral arterial disease. With regard to knowledge of IR clinical roles, responses improved from 42 to 59 % for outpatient clinic review of patients and having inpatient beds, 63-76 % for direct patient consultation, and 43-60 % for having regular ward rounds. The number of students who would consider a career in IR increased from 60 to 73 %. CONCLUSION: Delivering an undergraduate IR curriculum increased the knowledge and understanding of various aspects of IR and also the general enthusiasm for pursuing this specialty as a future career choice.