Resposta anormal da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo ao exercício submáximo em pacientes submetidos à ventriculectomia parcial esquerda

Introdução. Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca submetidos à ventriculectomia parcial esquerda apresentam melhora na função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo em repouso, porém continuam apresentando limitação funcional. Objetivo. Para melhor compreender os mecanismos desta limitação funcional, estudamos a função sistólica e diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo em repouso e durante exercício submáximo em pacientes submetidos a ventriculectomia parcial esquerda e em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca não operados, pareados para capacidade funcional máxima e submáxima. Métodos. Foram estudados 9 pacientes submetidos previamente a ventriculografia parcial esquerda (VPE) e 9 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca não operados previamente (IC). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos inicialmente a um teste cardiopulmonar para determinação do consumo de oxigênio no limiar anaeróbio (LA) e de pico (VO2 pico). Após, foram estudados através da ventriculografia radioisotópica e analisadas a fração de ejeção (FE) e a taxa máxima de enchimento (TME) do ventrículo esquerdo, em repouso e exercício na intensidade do LA. Resultados. Os grupos apresentaram capacidade funcional semelhante avaliada pelo VO2 pico (VPE: [média ± DP] 13,1 ± 3,3 ml/kg.min; IC: 14,1 ± 3,6 ml/kg.min; P > 0,05) e LA (VPE: 7,9 ± 1.3 ml/kg.min; IC: 8,5 ± 1,6 ml/kg.min; P > 0,05). A frequência cardíaca máxima foi maior no grupo IC em comparação ao grupo da VPE (VPE: 119 ± 20 bpm; IC: 149 ± 21 bpm; P < 0.05) A FE em repouso era mais elevada no grupo VPE (VPE: 40 ± 12 %; IC: 32 ± 9 %; P < 0,0125), entretanto a FE elevou-se do repouso ao LA apenas no grupo IC (VPE: 44 ± 17 %; IC: 39 ± 11 %; P < 0,0125). A TME foi semelhante em repouso (VPE: 1,41 ± 0,55 VDF/s; IC: 1,39 ± 0,55 VDF/s; P > 0,05) e aumentou na intensidade do LA similarmente em ambos os grupos (VPE: 2,28 ± 0,55 VDF/s; IC: 2,52 ± 1,07 VDF/s; P < 0,0125). Conclusão. Pacientes submetidos a ventriculectomia parcial esquerda apresentam uma o limiar anaeróbio (LA) resposta anormal da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo ao exercício na intensidade do LA e uma resposta cronotrópica diminuida ao exercício máximo. Essas respostas anormais podem contribuir para a limitada capacidade ao exercício destes pacientes, a despeito da melhora na função ventricular sistólica em repouso.

Caveat Anicula! Beware of the Quiet Little Old Ladies : Demographics, Pharmacotherapy, Survival and Readmissions in a 10 Year Cohort of Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Systolic Function

Objective--To determine whether heart failure with preserved systolic function (HFPSF) has different natural history from left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Design and setting--A retrospective analysis of 10 years of data (for patients admitted between 1 July 1994 and 30 June 2004, and with a study census date of 30 June 2005) routinely collected as part of clinical practice in a large tertiary referral hospital.Main outcome measures-- Sociodemographic characteristics, diagnostic features, comorbid conditions, pharmacotherapies, readmission rates and survival.Results--Of the 2961 patients admitted with chronic heart failure, 753 had echocardiograms available for this analysis. Of these, 189 (25%) had normal left ventricular size and systolic function. In comparison to patients with LVSD, those with HFPSF were more often female (62.4% v 38.5%; P = 0.001), had less social support, and were more likely to live in nursing homes (17.9% v 7.6%; P < 0.001), and had a greater prevalence of renal impairment (86.7% v 6.2%; P = 0.004), anaemia (34.3% v 6.3%; P = 0.013) and atrial fibrillation (51.3% v 47.1%; P = 0.008), but significantly less ischaemic heart disease (53.4% v 81.2%; P = 0.001). Patients with HFPSF were less likely to be prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (61.9% v 72.5%; P = 0.008); carvedilol was used more frequently in LVSD (1.5% v 8.8%; P < 0.001). Readmission rates were higher in the HFPSF group (median, 2 v 1.5 admissions; P = 0.032), particularly for malignancy (4.2% v 1.8%; P < 0.001) and anaemia (3.9% v 2.3%; P < 0.001). Both groups had the same poor survival rate (P = 0.912). Conclusions--Patients with HFPSF were predominantly older women with less social support and higher readmission rates for associated comorbid illnesses. We therefore propose that reduced survival in HFPSF may relate more to comorbid conditions than suboptimal cardiac management.

Ventricular systolic reserve in asymptomatic children previously treated with low doses of anthracyclines: A longitudinal, prospective exercise echocardiography study

Background: The time course of mild cardiotoxicity induced by anthracycline remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term evolution of decreased myocardial reserve in children previously treated with a cumulative dose of anthracycline up to 100mg/m 2. Patients and Methods: Twenty-seven asymptomatic cancer survival patients (25 with lymphoblastic leukemia), in continuous remission and off treatment for >12 months with no alterations in conventional echocardiograms were evaluated by exercise echocardiography at 37±15.4 months (T1) and 101±24 months (T2) after finishing treatment (ADRIA group). This group was compared with 25 healthy individuals (control group) similar to the ADRIA group with respect to age and body surface area (BSA). All individuals underwent treadmill exercise testing according to Bruce protocol. Echocardiograms were performed before and immediately after exercise. Results: The groups were similar regarding cardiac structure and left ventricular (LV) systolic function at rest at T1 and T2. The growth of LV posterior wall thickness related to BSA was lower in the ADRIA group at T2. Post exercise, smaller LV ejection indexes and attenuated changes in the afterload in ADRIA group were observed at T1 and T2. Conclusion: The decreased systolic reserve induced by a low dose of anthracycline in asymptomatic children and adolescents remains unaffected over a 5-year period, suggesting that positive outcomes in chronic cardiotoxicity would be expected in patients with mild impairment after anthracycline treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Evaluation of Cardiovascular Function During S(+)-Ketamine Constant Rate Infusion in Dorsally Recumbent Halothane-Anesthetized Horses

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Dysautonomia and ventricular dysfunction in the indeterminate form of Chagas disease

Background: the associations between autonomic function and biventricular function in patients with the indeterminate form of Chagas disease remains to be elucidated.Methods: In 42 asymptornatic patients and 19 healthy volunteers, the autonomic function was assessed by time domain indices of heart rate variability (HRV), analyzed for 24 h; the right ventricular function was assessed by fraction area change, right ventricle shortening, and systolic excursion of the tricuspid valve; and the left ventricular function was assessed by ejection fraction and transmittal flow velocities. Data were expressed as mean SD or medians (including the lower quartile and upper quartile). Groups were compared by Student's t or Mann-Whitney U test. Autonomic and ventricular function were correlated by Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient. The level of significance was 5%.Results: Right and left ventricular systolic function indexes were comparable between groups. Transmittal flow velocities were decreased in the Chagas disease group (p < 0.05). The patients presented impaired HRV as indicated by the values of SDNN-day (80 (64-99) ms vs. 98 (78-127) ms; p = 0.045), SDNNI-24 It (54 (43-71) vs. 65 (54-105) ms; p = 0.027), SDNNI-day (49 (42-64) vs. 67 (48-76) ms; p = 0.045), pNN50-day (2.2 (0.7-5)% vs. 10 (3-11)%; p = 0.033); and pNN50-24 It (3 (1-7)% vs. 12 (8-19)%; p = 0.013). There were no correlations between the left ventricular diastolic indices and autonomic dysfunctional indices (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Patients with the indeterminate form of Chagas disease have both dysautonomia, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. However, the right ventricular function is preserved. Importantly, ventricular diastolic dysfunction and dysautonomia. are independent phenomena. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.