999 resultados para ambientes aquáticos


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O manejo de plantas daninhas em ambientes aquáticos requer cuidado diferencial e específico, a fim de evitar a contaminação ou alteração nas funções dos corpos hídricos e otimização do custo-benefício das operações. O estudo das características genéticas de populações de plantas daninhas aquáticas fornece informações que podem auxiliar no seu controle e manejo. A alface-d'água é uma planta aquática flutuante livre amplamente distribuída em todo o Brasil, mas é em ambientes aquáticos eutrofizados que essa e outras espécies de rápido desenvolvimento causam problemas sociais e econômicos, devido à grande massa vegetal produzida. Este estudo caracterizou geneticamente populações de alface-d'água coletadas em 15 reservatórios de hidrelétricas (Barra Bonita-BAB, Bariri-BAR, Ibitinga-IBI, Chavantes-CHA, Salto Grande-SAG, Jurumirim-JUR, Promissão-PRO Jaguari-JAG, Nova Avanhandava-NAV, Mogi-Guaçu-MOG, Limoeiro-LIM, Três Irmãos-TRI, Ilha Solteira-ILS, Jupiá-JUP e Porto Primavera-PPR) do Estado de São Paulo. As análises foram realizadas no NUPAM (Núcleo de Pesquisas Avançadas em Matologia), ligado à FCA/UNESP, campus de Botucatu-SP. A técnica utilizada no estudo da diversidade genética foi o RAPD. Os materiais amostrados nos reservatórios do Estado foram muito similares em sua maioria. As populações de NAV, MOG, IBI, JUR, PRO e CHA foram idênticas geneticamente. BAB e SAG, LIM e TRI também foram muito parecidas, apresentando índice de distância genética de 0,0093 e 0,0178, respectivamente. A grande maioria dos reservatórios estudados (93%) apresentou distâncias inferiores a 0,30, formando um grupo definido. No entanto, a população de Jupiá, em média, foi a que apresentou maior diversidade genética (0,45).

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This work deals with the life strategy of an endangered annual fish, Hypsolebias antenori (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), of the Brazilian semiarid region. The eggs of these fish hatch at the onset of the rainy season, grows rapidly and they reproduce during the rainy season. When the water puddles dry out, the entire population dies. The resistant eggs which are buried in the bottom of the dried pools go through diapause stages, during which time the embryonic development becomes temporarily arrested. With the onset of the next rainy season, the eggs hatch and a new generation is formed. Specimens of H. antenori were captured during 2011 and 2013, in temporary water pools located in the hydrographic basin of river Jaguaribe in Ceará, Brazil. Sex ratio, the length-weight relationship, the growth type, first sexual maturity, anatomy and histology of the digestive tract, development of gonads, reproductive strategy, karyotypic pattern of the species, and the conservation status of H. antenori were investigated. The results of this study are presented in the form of eight articles. The first article is about the fish faunal composition of the hydrographic basins of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, wherein the record of H. antenori is included. The second article deals with the sex ratio, secondary sexual characteristics of males, the length-weight relationship and the type of growth. Males show a pattern of intense coloration with well developed fins. The sex ratio showed a significant predominance of females (1M:1.7 F). Males were larger in length and weight. The equation of weight and total length relationship was Wt=0.0271Lt3,8937, showing a positively allometric growth, indicating greater increase in weight than in length. The third article discusses the anatomy and histology of the digestive tract of H. antenori. It is considered as a generalist feeder with characteristics of omnivore, which utilizes different food sources. The fourth article discusses the stages and phases of gonad development and type of spawning of H. antenori. The fifth article is about the r reproductive strategy adopted by H. antenori which helps in successful reproduction over a short period of life. The sixth article deals karyotypic pattern of the species, constituting the first cytogenetic contribution to the genus. The seventh article discusses about the risk of extinction of this species which suffers a series of threats, such as, habitat loss through land use, deforestation, construction of reservoirs, pollution due to domestic and industrial sewage, besides pesticides and agrochemicals. Furthermore, decreasing rainfall and intensification of aridity due to global climate changes, interferes with the reproductive cycle. The eighth article deals with aggressive behavior adopted between males and among females during reproduction. All temporary water pools sampled during this study were in high degree of degradation, mainly due to human action. There is a great need for conservation measures to protect the populations of annual fish, including the creation of protected areas in the semiarid ephemeral aquatic environments of Brazil

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The vast hidric wealth of Brazil gets its watersheds more susceptible to impacts that compromise the water quality, affecting the ecosystem stability of aquatic environments. The decrease in the quality of water resources also results in a decrease of its multiple uses, especially in tourist areas of the coast, where the continuous flow of people to these sites increases even further the probability of inappropriate behavior of both tourists and local residents. Studies regarding the microbiological communities are still scarce, especially on the free-living protozoa that play unique roles in the food chain of aquatic ecosystems. Due to the large role played by this group of microorganisms in aquatic environments, the present study aimed at identifying the genus and species of free-living protozoa present in two sections of the Pium River, east coast of Rio Grande do Norte, making an association between the its occurrence and trophic conditions of the environment in which they are, also checking the bioindicator capacity of these organisms in water quality. It also aimed to conduct a survey with students to identify the main difficulties regarding the knowledge of free-living protozoa and hydric transmission diseases in two public schools near the river studied in the Pium district, county of Parnamirim. The survey was analyzed by means of questionnaires at both schools. Students identified several activities developed Pium river, highlighting its multifunctionality and importance to the region. A total of 76 taxa of free-living protozoa was recorded, of these, 33 were ciliates, 19 flagellates and 24 sarcodia. The spatial and temporal patterns of these organisms to both points studied revealed the bioindicator potentiality of some effective species identified. However, knowledge about the free-living protozoa proved quite lagged, presenting misconceptions that show them as pathogenic organisms exclusively, totally disregarding their ecological role. In order to remedy the flaws existing in students in relation to the functional role of protozoa, workshops were planned on these microorganisms while also addressing issues related to hydric transmission diseases through lectures, recreational activities and interactive presentations. These practical activities of Science Education had the goal of bringing students the context of local water resources, aiming to promote a greater clarification regarding of the functional role of free-living protozoa in aquatic environments

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Schizomeris leibleinii Kützing é uma alga filamentosa comumente encontrada em ambientes aquáticos continentais eutrofizados ou poluídos por nutrientes orgânicos e é um potencial organismo indicador de poluição orgânica. Estudos envolvendo o cultivo de S. leibleinii sob concentrações variáveis de nitrato e fosfato foram efetuados durante períodos de 50 dias. A biomassa foi expressa através da quantificação da concentração de clorofila a relativa a diferentes tempos de cultivo. Além da análise das curvas de crescimento, os dados obtidos foram submetidos à Anova (uma via) e teste de Tukey para comparação entre os tratamentos. Os resultados revelaram que S. leibleinii apresentou crescimento rápido sob baixas concentrações de nitrato e fosfato, mas o melhor desempenho ocorreu em concentrações altas de nitrato. Verificou-se nesta espécie que condições de estresse ambiental provocam, inicialmente, crescimento rápido, possivelmente acompanhado de intensa reprodução. Apesar do rápido desenvolvimento, a avaliação das curvas de crescimento de S. leibleinii sugere que esta espécie é um estrategista em k. Além disso, a alga mostrou-se mais dependente da concentração de nitrato do que de fosfato, indicando o nitrogênio como limitante do crescimento em meio de cultura.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Cartográficas - FCT

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal) - IBRC