Different moments in the participatory stage of the secondary students’ abstraction of mathematical conceptions

This study provides support to the characteristics of participatory and anticipatory stages in secondary school pupils’ abstraction of mathematical conceptions. We carried out clinical task-based interviews with 71 secondary-school pupils to obtain evidence of the different constructed mathematical conceptions (Participatory Stage) and how they were used (Anticipatory Stage). We distinguish two moments in the Participatory Stage based on the coordination of information from particular cases by activity-effect reflection which, in some cases, lead to a change of focus enabling secondary-school pupils to achieve a reorganization of their knowledge. We argue that (a) the capacity of perceiving regularities in sets of particular cases is a characteristic of activity-effect reflection in the abstraction of mathematical conceptions in secondary school, and (b) the coordination of information by pupils provides opportunities for changing the attention-focus from the particular results to the structure of properties.

Health effects evaluation data file : data file design, abstraction, coding, and computerization of the 1977 and 1978 health hazard evaluation and technical assistance reports /

Mode of access: Internet.

Theorem proving with abstraction, part II /

Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant MCS 77-22830.

The evolution of programs : program abstraction and instantiation /

"NSF-MCS-79-04897."

Theorem proving with abstraction, part I /

"UILU-ENG 79-1706."

Generalization by symbolic abstraction in cascaded recurrent networks

Generalization performance in recurrent neural networks is enhanced by cascading several networks. By discretizing abstractions induced in one network, other networks can operate on a coarse symbolic level with increased performance on sparse and structural prediction tasks. The level of systematicity exhibited by the cascade of recurrent networks is assessed on the basis of three language domains. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Incremental derivation of abstraction relations for data refinements

Data refinements are refinement steps in which a program’s local data structures are changed. Data refinement proof obligations require the software designer to find an abstraction relation that relates the states of the original and new program. In this paper we describe an algorithm that helps a designer find an abstraction relation for a proposed refinement. Given sufficient time and space, the algorithm can find a minimal abstraction relation, and thus show that the refinement holds. As it executes, the algorithm displays mappings that cannot be in any abstraction relation. When the algorithm is not given sufficient resources to terminate, these mappings can help the designer find a suitable abstraction relation. The same algorithm can be used to test an abstraction relation supplied by the designer.

Fuzzy sets: Abstraction Axiom, Statistical Interpretation, Observations of Fuzzy Sets

The issues relating fuzzy sets definition are under consideration including the analogue for separation axiom, statistical interpretation and membership function representation by the conditional Probabilities.

Estensione dell'Abstraction Layer di DTNperf alle API di IBR-DTN

Sono dette “challenged networks” quelle reti in cui lunghi ritardi, frequenti partizionamenti e interruzioni, elevati tassi di errore e di perdita non consentono l’impiego dei classici protocolli di comunicazione di Internet, in particolare il TCP/IP. Il Delay-/Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) è una soluzione per il trasferimento di dati attraverso queste reti. L’architettura DTN prevede l’introduzione, sopra il livello di trasporto, del cosiddetto “bundle layer”, che si occupa di veicolare messaggi, o bundle, secondo l’approccio store-and-forward: ogni nodo DTN conserva persistentemente un bundle finché non si presenta l’opportunità di inoltrarlo al nodo successivo verso la destinazione. Il protocollo impiegato nel bundle layer è il Bundle Protocol, le cui principali implementazioni sono tre: DTN2, l’implementazione di riferimento; ION, sviluppata da NASA-JPL e più orientata alle comunicazioni spaziali; IBR-DTN, rivolta soprattutto a dispositivi embedded. Ciascuna di esse offre API che consentono la scrittura di applicazioni in grado di inviare e ricevere bundle. DTNperf è uno strumento progettato per la valutazione delle prestazioni in ambito DTN. La più recente iterazione, DTNperf_3, è compatibile sia con DTN2 che con ION nella stessa versione del programma, grazie all’introduzione di un “Abstraction Layer” che fornisce un’unica interfaccia per l’interazione con le diverse implementazioni del Bundle Protocol e che solo internamente si occupa di invocare le API specifiche dell’implementazione attiva. Obiettivo della tesi è estendere l’Abstraction Layer affinché supporti anche IBR-DTN, cosicché DTNperf_3 possa essere impiegato indifferentemente su DTN2, ION e IBR DTN. Il lavoro sarà ripartito su tre fasi: nella prima esploreremo IBR DTN e le sue API; nella seconda procederemo all’effettiva estensione dell’Abstraction Layer; nella terza verificheremo il funzionamento di DTNperf a seguito delle modifiche, sia in ambiente esclusivamente IBR-DTN, sia ibrido.

Renouncing the Single Image: Photography and the Realism of Abstraction

This essay addresses the issue of the relationship between abstraction and realism that it argues is at stake in the rejection of any primacy accorded to the single image, in favour of a sequencing of photographs according to certain, often novelistic and epic ideas of narrative form. Setting out from the opening text of Allan Sekula’s Fish Story, the article explores the competing tendencies towards what Georg Lukács termed ‘narration’ and ‘description’ as these are traced throughout Sekula's project (in part through a comparison with the contrasting works of Andreas Gursky). The essay concludes by suggesting the ways in which it is the irreducible actuality of abstraction within the concrete everydayness of capitalism's social world that means that all photographic ‘realism’ is intrinsically ‘haunted’ by a certain spectre of that ‘self-moving substance in the ‘shape of money’, as Marx calls it, or of the abstract form of capital itself.

A framework for abstraction and virtualization of sensors in mobile context-aware computing

110 p.

User Interface Abstraction for enabling TV set based Inclusive Access to the Information Society

199 p.