Fisiologia pós-colheita de sorvetão (Zingiber spectabile Griff.) cultivado no submédio São Francisco

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Efeito do Symphytum officinale L. (confrei) fitoterápico e homeopático na reparação óssea em tíbias de ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Capacidade antioxidante e estabilidade oxidativa de Gengiber officinale

The main objectives of this work were to evaluate the antioxidant activity and to determine of an ethanolic ginger extract total phenolic compounds concentration, as well as verifying its behavior by means of the oxidative stability, when added to refined soybean oil in concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 mg/kg. The maximum antioxidant activity and EC50, concentration of the extract to achieve 50% of the antioxidant activity, value determined by free radical DPPH method were 79.1% and 42.6 g/mL, respectively. The total phenolic compounds concentration, determined to Folin-Ciocalteu method, was 251 mg/g. The induction period of the samples increased according to the augment of the extract concentration in the oil when evaluated using oxidative stability through the Rancimat equipament. It was possible to conclude that the ginger extracts possess effective action against the lipid oxidation and can be applied in foods as natural antioxidant.

Identification, quantification, spatiotemporal distribution and genetic variation of major latex secondary metabolites in the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.)

The secondary metabolites in the roots, leaves and flowers of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) have been studied in detail. However, little is known about the specific constituents of the plant’s highly specialized laticifer cells. Using a combination of liquid and gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, we identified and quantified the major secondary metabolites in the latex of different organs across different growth stages in three genotypes, and tested the activity of the metabolites against the generalist root herbivore Diabrotica balteata. We found that common dandelion latex is dominated by three classes of secondary metabolites: phenolic inositol esters (PIEs), triterpene acetates (TritAc) and the sesquiterpene lactone taraxinic acid β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G). Purification and absolute quantification revealed concentrations in the upper mg g−1 range for all compound classes with up to 6% PIEs, 5% TritAc and 7% TA-G per gram latex fresh weight. Contrary to typical secondary metabolite patterns, concentrations of all three classes increased with plant age. The highest concentrations were measured in the main root. PIE profiles differed both quantitatively and qualitatively between plant genotypes, whereas TritAc and TA-G differed only quantitatively. Metabolite concentrations were positively correlated within and between the different compound classes, indicating tight biosynthetic co-regulation. Latex metabolite extracts strongly repelled D. balteata larvae, suggesting that the latex constituents are biologically active.

Salomonssiegel - Polygonatum latifolium - P. officinale -

AR

Blattformen : Aquilegia - Levisticum officinale - Achillea filipendulina - Chelidonium majus - Papaver rhoeas - Aquilegia - Geum coccineum - Geum triflorum

AR

Verwelkte Blätter : Paeonia peregrina - Levisticum officinale - Dipsacus fullonum - Ptelea trifoliata

AR

Liebstöckel - Levisticum officinale

AR

Nitrate-induced early transcriptional changes during imbibition in non-after-ripened Sisymbrium officinale seeds.

We have here demonstrated for the first time that nitrate not only accelerates testa rupture of non- AR seeds but also modifies expression pattern of the cell-wall remodeling proteins (mannanases; SoMAN6 and SoMAN7) and key genes belonging to metabolism and signaling of ABA (SoNCED6, SoNCED9, SoCYP707A2 and SoABI5) and GAs (SoGA3ox, SoGA20ox, SoGA2ox and SoRGL2). These results were obtained during Sisymbrium officinale seed imbibition in the absence of endosperm rupture. Exogenous ABA induced a notable inhibition of testa rupture in both absence and presence of nitrate being this effect sharply reversed by GA4+7. However, nitrate was capable to provoke testa rupture in absence of ABA synthesis. The expression of SoMAN6 and SoMAN7 were positively altered by nitrate. Although ABA synthesis seems apparent at the start of non-AR seed imbibition, taken together the results of SoNCED6, SoNCED9 and SoCYP707A2 expression seem to suggest that nitrate leads to a strong net ABA decrease. Likewise, nitrate positively affected the SoABI5 expression when the SoNCED9 expression was also stimulated. By contrast, at the early and final of imbibition, nitrate clearly inhibited the SoABI5 expression. The expression of SoGA2ox6 and SoGA3ox2 are strongly inhibited by nitrate whereas of SoGA20ox6 was stimulated. On the other hand, SoRGL2 transcript level decreased in the presence of nitrate. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that the nitrate signaling is already operative during the non-AR S. officinale seeds imbibition. The nitrate, in cross-talk with the AR network likely increases the favorable molecular conditions that trigger germination.

Histoire naturelle et médicale des sangsues : contenant la description anatomique des organes de la sangsue officinale ... avec six planches /

Mode of access: Internet.

Análise estrutural comparativa dos órgãos vegetativos em Zingiberaceae e implicações evolutivas do xilema

A família Zingiberaceae é a mais representativa da ordem Zingiberales, contendo mais de 1.000 espécies divididas em quatro subfamílias e seis tribos, amplamente distribuídas por todos os continentes. Nas últimas décadas houve um incremento nos estudos relativos à distribuição, o grau de especialização e a funcionalidade dos elementos de vaso em diversas famílias de monocotiledôneas. Entretanto, ainda existem poucos estudos que contribuam para o delineamento dos aspectos evolutivos e ecológicos das tribos de Zingiberaceae. Os objetivos desse trabalho são os de comparar a anatomia dos órgãos subterrâneos e aéreos de oito espécies de Zingiberaceae e estabelecer a distribuição dos elementos traqueais, bem como, o de determinar a especialização dos elementos de vaso de vinte e oito espécies pertencentes a três tribos Alpineae, Zingibereae e Globbeae. As espécies foram coletadas em áreas naturais protegidas e em áreas de cultivos particulares no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os órgãos subterrâneos e aéreos foram processados de acordo com as técnicas usuais de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. A análise estrutural do eixo vegetativo das oito espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Alpinia, Renealmia, Curcuma, Hedychium e Zingiber indicam uma similaridade e mostram que os elementos de vaso estão restritos às raízes. Alguns caracteres estruturais dos elementos de vaso, como o tipo da placa de perfuração, o número de barras e o tipo de espessamento parietal se mostraram importantes para o estabelecimento da relação entre as subfamílias e tribos. Zingibereae e Globbeae reúnem estados de caracteres mais basais, como placa de perfuração escalariforme e espessamento parietal espiralado, e os mais derivados são encontrados na tribo Alpinieae, incluindo placa de perfuração simples e espessamento parietal parcialmente pontoado

吐鲁番洋海墓地植物遗存与古洋海人及环境之间的关系

古民族植物学（Paleoethnobotany）在我国尚属一个比较年轻的学科，其主要研究对象是先民们所栽培或利用过的植物遗存（Plant remains），目的在于揭示古代人们对食物的选择，栽培植物的起源，早期农业的出现以及居址周围的自然与生态环境。吐鲁番地区降水稀少。干燥的环境，使得考古遗址中的植物遗存得以完好的保存。本论文首次对吐鲁番洋海墓地（2500 B. P. ）的包括木材、果实、种子、茎杆、叶片等在内的植物遗存进行了系统的研究，依此分析了当时的植被及环境，并对与当时的土著居民密切相关的植物类群进行了详细研究。 研究表明，吐鲁番洋海墓地植物群包括木材、禾本科粮食作物、杂草及其它植物共18 种。其中我们详细研究了14 种，隶属于7 科14 属，它们分别为禾本科黍属中的黍（Panicum miliaceum），大麦属中的青稞（Hordeum vulgare var. nudum），小麦属中的普通小麦（Triticum aestivum），芦苇属的芦苇（Phragmites australis），虎尾草属的虎尾草（Chloris virgata），小獐毛属的小獐毛（Aeluropus pungens var. pungens），稗属的稗子（Echinochloa crusgali），大麻科大麻属中的大麻（Cannabis sativa），紫草科紫草属中的小花紫草（Lithospermum officinale）， 豆科槐属中的苦豆子（Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides），茄科枸杞属中的黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum），松科云杉属中的云杉属未定种（Picea sp.）， 杨柳科杨属的胡杨（Popules euphratica）及柳属未定种（Salix sp.）。研究表明，这些植物遗存渗透到古洋海人生活的方方面面。其中，粮食作物为可能以黍为主，以普通小麦及青稞为辅;用以作装饰的为小花紫草的小坚果;可能与其原始宗教及医药相关的为大麻;与建筑相关的植物有芦苇、黑果枸杞、云杉（Picea sp.）、胡杨及柳（Salix sp.）等;与当地居民意义不大的杂草有稗子、苦豆子、小獐毛、虎尾草等。其中，大麻及小花紫草遗存的出土意味着当时的土著居民对当地的植物已经有了很高的认识水平;黍、青稞及普通小麦的出土意味着他们可能与东西方文化均有接触，为东西方文明的交融起了桥梁作用;所出土的部份植物如小獐毛、小花紫草、柳、苦豆子，尤其是稗子、芦苇及香蒲属植物等都属于喜湿植物。这说明，在当时的洋海墓地周边环境与今天相似，亦为一块植被丰富的绿洲，其中可能有大面积的湿地。

Screening of salt tolerant watercress variants on natural seawater contained medium

The responses of stem segments of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) to 6-BA,NAA and 2,4-D were studied. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D was used for callus initiation and maintenance. MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/L 6-BA was suitable for plant regeneration and MS medium without plant hormone supplement was used for rooting and plant propagation. For screening of salt tolerant calli, stem segments of watercress were plated onto callus initiation medium containing 1/3 natural seawater. Seventeen out of the 325 plated explants produced calli. The growth curves demonstrated that the growth rate of salt-tolerant calli on saline medium almost matched that of the control calli on normal medium. Some of the salt-tolerant calli were transferred to the normal regeneration medium or saline regeneration medium to induce plant regeneration. In the first case, buds and shoots were regenerated in the same way as those of control calli on normal regeneration medium. More than 1 000 regenerated shoots were obtained of which 83 regenerated shoots were cut and transferred to saline MS base medium. At first, all shoot growth was inhibited, but 40 days after the transfer, rapid-growing axillary shoots were observed on 16 of the original shoots but none on the control shoots on saline MS base medium. Moreover, green spots appeared on most calli 10 days after they were transferred to saline medium, however buds appeared only on 5 calli from the 30 transferred calli and at the end only 2 rapid-growing shoots were obtained from two calli. In total, 18 variant lines were obtained through. propagation of the salt-tolerant shoots on saline MS base medium. RAPD analysis was performed in 10 of the 18 salt-tolerant variant lines and DNA variation was detected in all the tested variant lines.

Pollen morphology and its in systematic and ecological significance in Rheum (Polygonaceae) from China

Pollen morphology of 40 species of Rheum, belonging to eight sections, was investigated under LM and SEM. Four new exine patterns were found in the species: a) microcchinate-foveolate, b) rugulate, c) verrucate-perforate, and d) verrucaterugulate ornamentation. In addition, two patterns, the Rheum-type pollens with microechinate-perforate and fine-reticulate, as previously described, were also confirmed in the present study. Based on above study the evolution trends of pollen morphology in the taxa involved were discussed phylogenetically as below. As microechinate-perforate exine pattern existed commonly, the pattern is, therefore, regarded as the most primitive among all the six types. The fine-reticulate type was thought as a derivative type, deriving from the basic micro echinate-foveolate-perforate pattern, and followed by the rugulate and verrucate-perforate ornamentation. The verrucate-rugulate ornamentation should be the most advanced. More than one pollen type often exist in most of the sections in Rheum. The pollen morphology of Rheum was strongly correlated with its geographical and ecological distribution. Three medicinally important species R. officinale, R. palmation and R. tanguticum can be palynologically distinguished by their ornamentations.

Antioxidant activity of selected phenols and herbs used in diets for medical conditions.

The antioxidant capacity of some herbs used in dietology practice was determined by the DPPH free radical method, which was calibrated with ascorbic acid. Partially hydrophilic phenolic compounds are the most active compounds in plants, and therefore water was used as the extraction agent. Besides antioxidant capacity, the content of total phenolic compounds was also measured and a strong correlation between these two variables was found. The extracts of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), Greek oregano (Origanum heracleoticum L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and winter savory (Satureja montana L.) showed very significant activity. It was comparable with the activity of green tea in the case of oregano and peppermint. Lower activity was observed in the case of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), marjoram (Majorana hortensis), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), and lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.). The inhibitory activity of the herb extracts was monitored also during the autooxidation of lard. Very high antioxidant capacity was observed mainly in sage samples, but also in marjoram and Greek oregano. The extracts of peppermint, oregano, rosemary, winter savory, lemon balm and hyssop showed middle activity comparable to that of alpha-tocopherol. The antioxidant capacity of sweet basil and lovage was insignificant.