Ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant peptide: a hookworm-derived inhibitor of human coagulation factor Xa.

Human hookworm infection is a major cause of gastrointestinal blood loss and iron deficiency anemia, affecting up to one billion people in the developing world. These soil-transmitted helminths cause blood loss during attachment to the intestinal mucosa by lacerating capillaries and ingesting extravasated blood. We have isolated the major anticoagulant used by adult worms to facilitate feeding and exacerbate intestinal blood loss. This 8.7-kDa peptide, named the Ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant peptide (AcAP), was purified by using a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel-filtration chromatography, and reverse-phase HPLC. N-terminal sequencing of AcAP reveals no homology to any previously identified anticoagulant or protease inhibitor. Single-stage chromogenic assays reveal that AcAP is a highly potent and specific inhibitor of human coagulation, with an intrinsic K*i for the inhibition of free factor Xa of 323.5 pM. In plasma-based clotting time assays, AcAP was more effective at prolonging the prothrombin time than both recombinant hirudin and tick anticoagulant peptide. These data suggest that AcAP, a specific inhibitor of factor Xa, is one of the most potent naturally occurring anticoagulants described to date.

Illinois Phosphorus Effluent Limits: Minimizing the Impacts Through the Use of Non-point Controls at the Springbrook Water Reclamation Center in Naperville, Illinois

Phosphorus pollution is a major concern in Illinois. Excessive amounts of phosphorus can be detrimental to water bodies. To help control phosphorus, the Illinois Pollution Control Board has proposed phosphorus limits on wastewater treatment facility discharges. If enacted, these limits will have negative impacts on the Springbrook Water Reclamation Center in Naperville, Illinois. To minimize these impacts, Naperville can utilize various non-point controls recommended in this paper to decrease the amount of phosphorus entering into the DuPage River and the Springbrook Water Reclamation Center. While these controls will not reduce levels low enough to totally satisfy limits on phosphorus discharges, they will significantly reduce the treatment costs Naperville will need to expend to meet them and be more environmentally effective.

Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society for ...

n.s. v. 13

Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society for ...

n.s. v. 23

Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

7 (1904 - 1909)

Transactions of the Illinois State Horticultural Society for ...

n.s. v. 9

New agnathous fishes from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois / David Bardack -- and Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. --

v.33:no.26(1977)

Pennsylvanian invertebrates of the Mazon Creek Area, Illinois: the morphology and affinities of Tullimonstrum / Ralph Gordon Johnson -- and Eugene S. Richardson, Jr. --

v.12:no.8(1969)

New fossil polychaete from Essex, Illinois / Ida Thompson -- and Ralph G. Johnson --.

v.33:no.25(1977)

Post-glacial fossil vertebrates from east-central Illinois / by Edwin C. Galbreath.

v.6:no.20(1938)

A new Devonian trilobite from southern Illinois / by Sharat Kumar Roy --

v.6:no.4(1933)

Bandringa rayi: a new Ctenacanthoid shark from the Pennsylvania Essex fauna of Illinois / Rainer Zangerl --

v.12:no.10(1969)

Longiscitula houghae; a new genus of dissorophid amphibian from the Permian of Texas / Robert E. DeMar, Asst. Professor of Geology, University of Illinois, Chicago Circle Campus.

v.16:no.2(1966)