891 resultados para Viabilidade econômica.


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The question of the solid waste is without a doubt one of the biggest problems faced for the world-wide population in the present time, resulting in the call “collapse of the garbage”. In this direction that appears the composting, in the scope of the treatment of organic waste origin, that in Brazil, approximately correspond 50% of the generated volume. However, the rare plants of selection and composting (UTC) existing at least do not obtain auto-to support themselves, increasing to each day the number of deactivations, almost always related the financial questions. In this direction, the present research brings the analysis of the economic viability of the implantation of a UTC for the city of Rio Claro-SP, relating it with the thick organic composition sales, for the cultures of vegetables cultivated in a ray of 30 km of the study area. For in such a way, they had been carried through, calculations concerning the regional demand for organic composition, and the verification of the implantation costs and operation of the plant. The reached results had been the flow of box for the first year of functioning of the UTC, as well as the break-even point between the gotten expenditures and prescriptions. From this relation investment profitability, it was verified that the UTC is presented impracticable under the economic point of view.

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The present work aims to conduct a study of the economic feasibility of the implementation of variable frequency inverters in pump systems with variable flow rates. The concern with the reduction of energy expenditure in industries raised in 2001 due to the energy crisis that hit Brazil at that time, forcing industries to reduce their electric costs under penalty of fines if this were not done (MOREIRA, 2008). Frequency inverter is an electronic device that allow greater control in the operation of pumping systems and also a reduction in electrical consumption, being a viable solution to achieve a reduction in energy consumption. For the development of this work, approaching important topics in pumping systems was necessary in order to make a correct choice of hydraulic pumping and also other components responsible for the operation of the system , such as electric motors and frequency inverters. In the case study, a theoretical analysis of the behavior of electrical consumption in systems with variable flow rates was performed, comparing when the system is operated via frequency inverters and when the system is operated without such a device. As expected, the result of the implantation of the device was quite satisfactory, and the primary goal of reducing energy expenditure was achieved. Also important to highlight the environmental issue of this work, as all forms of energy production affects nature in some way, achieving a reduction in consumption also contributes indirectly in environmental conservation

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A principal preocupação relacionada à produção de resíduos tem sido o manejo e a gestão integrada, procedimentos que passaram a fazer parte das políticas de gestão com o objetivo de evitar problemas irreversíveis ao meio ambiente e aos seres humanos. Neste trabalho estuda-se a possibilidade da incineração dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) como solução para o problema relacionado com a destinação dos resíduos gerados na Região de Bauru. Estimar os custos de capital e a viabilidade econômica para o projeto de incineradores de larga escala é uma tarefa prioritária para auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão. Este trabalho revê a situação dos resíduos sólidos na região de Bauru e realiza revisão dos processos empregados e existentes no tratamento dos RSU com o objetivo de analisar a viabilidade da implantação de uma usina de incineração com geração de energia elétrica para o tratamento dos resíduos sólidos coletados na Região de Bauru. O estudo apresenta um retorno interessante ao passo que as simulações apresentam indicadores favoráveis a sua implantação.

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

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The availability of the electrical energy, in sufficient quantities and in competitive prices is a crucial factor to the economic development. The trade-in of the excess electrical energy produced in a system of cogeneration can be seen as an alternative to the creation of an additional source of revenues for ethanol power plants sector, besides contributing to the complementation of the Brazilian electrical headquarter with renewable sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility of the implementation of a cogeneration electrical central using the excess of sugar cane bagasse and selling the excess of electrical energy with prices of the market. An ethanol power plant located in the state of Sao Paulo was used to this study. It was used the case study methodology, evaluating the potential of the investment under the viewpoint of the Net Present Value (NPV), Payback and Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and complementing the results of the Accounting Results (AC). It was created three alternative scenarios to reflect the level of the risk of every studied situation: the most likely, an optimistic and a pessimistic, each one with its assumptions. The Monte Carlo Simulations was used to insert the elements of risk to each scenario. The results showed that the project is feasible in all NPV scenarios. And the Payback and IRR analysis confirmed these evidences. The valuation with the AR showed that the project is most risky at the pessimistic scenario, but is feasibly in the most likely and the optimistic scenarios. It was concluded that the project is economic viable. However, the economic viability shown in the results is based on the maintenance of the future prices on the levels of the historical prices used in the analysis.

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The swine culture potentially generates waste with high organic load and pollutants, being responsible for the spread of pathogens, contamination of rivers, groundwater and soils, besides it produces foul odors and emit greenhouse gases. However, the high amount of organic matter, which expresses the amount of pollutant load, reflects the energetic potential of these wastes used as raw material in biogas generation through technology of digesters. The properly use of theses digesters provides the production of clean energy and promotes the conservation of the environment. The economic viability of the implantation of an Indian model digester on a small swine farm was verified based on the value from initial investments of deployment, maintenance costs, depreciation, and on the interest and revenues arising from the system. Besides, the amount of biogas produced daily and the average consumption of biogas by the most common used devices such as refrigerator, stove, water heater, and generator of electricity was calculated.. For a backdrop of 10 years, the results of economic indicators NPV of BRL 57,598.95, IRR of 48.38%, Simple Payback of 2.06 years, and Discounted Payback of 2.3 years, demonstrated a favorable outlook for the use of this technology, with the possibility to generate economic, social and environmental benefits.

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As mudanças climáticas exacerbadas pela liberação antropogênica de gases de efeito estufa, aliadas ao aumento da demanda energética, colocam em destaque a necessidade de reduzir o consumo energético como uma das prioridades da sustentabilidade. Da energia elétrica consumida no Brasil, 45% destina-se a proporcionar conforto ambiental para seus usuários, na operação e manutenção das edificações (BRASIL, 2012). A eficiência energética na edificação é uma das prioridades para conseguir um entorno sustentável, garantindo assim o nível de conforto requerido pelos usuários com um uso razoável de recursos.

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Inclui notas explicativas e bibliográficas.

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Este trabalho trata da proposta para a produção carbonato de glicerila como continuação de trabalho de Mestrado. Propõe-se estabelecer uma sequência para a obtenção e a purificação do produto, que envolve remoção e o aproveitamento de amônia e a remoção de eletrólitos, bem como a utilização de novos catalisadores. De maneira geral, análises espectrofotométricas demonstraram que o produto purificado apresentou características semelhantes às da especificação constante de produto já existente no mercado cedido para comparação (JEFFSOL®, Huntsman). Além disso, foi calculado o custo de produção tanto em escala laboratorial como em escala industrial. Análises de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear e Cromatografia a Gás, aliadas à Espectrofotometria no Infravermelho permitiram avaliar tanto a evolução das reações, bem como os rendimentos reacionais. Foi demonstrada a aplicabilidade das técnicas de RMN 1H e 13C para o cálculo dos rendimentos reacionais, bem como para a elucidação dos mecanismos reacionais. A partir de análises em escala laboratorial, foi possível verificar que, para as condições reacionais estudadas foram obtidas baixas conversões da glicerina e baixas seletividades para o carbonato de glicerila. E ainda, o sulfato de zinco apresentou o melhor desempenho. É importante salientar que, mesmo para baixas conversões, sua produção ainda é economicamente viável devido ao seu elevado valor de mercado. O estudo da produção em escala industrial contemplou a síntese de fluxograma de processo e posterior simulação, incluindo o dimensionamento dos principais equipamentos de processo para fins de análise econômica, via calculo de custos de capital (CAPEX) e operacionais (OPEX). Os resultados indicaram viabilidade econômica do projeto, sendo demonstrado que a implantação de uma nova unidade de produção de carbonato de glicerila pode ser bastante rentável mesmo para baixos rendimentos. O produto obtido possui diversas e interessantes aplicações cosméticas e farmacêuticas, principalmente por ser um tensoativo não iônico, de baixa toxicidade, biodegradável e produzido a partir de fontes renováveis. Assim, o carbonato de glicerila produzido é uma interessante forma de aproveitamento da glicerina proveniente da fabricação de biodiesel.

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Dissertação de Mestrado, Economia do Turismo e Desenvolvimento Regional, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

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When it comes to oil and gas in Brazil is almost certain that we are referring to activities in deep waters off the coast of Campos, Rio de Janeiro, the main field of action of PETROBRAS and a small number of multinational oil companies . Since the Law 9.478/97 allows, by means of concessions, that other companies other than Petrobras, to explore and produce oil and gas domestically. Soon it moved, then the private companies that want small and medium-sized businesses to invest in such activities, forming a segment of independent producers, as occurs in other countries. In this context, this work aims at making an economic feasibility study, is currently analyzing how this thread and focus on the factors that contribute to its development as well as those that constitute barriers. To this end, we conducted a survey examining some mature fields that are in production in order to capture cost information in the phases of project, operation and abandonment. The work also presents an analysis of the results obtained in the survey, identifying the costs higher. With the results obtained through the study used economic engineering tools such as NPV and IRR, using a variety of design scenarios, to study the economic viability of these fields. In scenario 4 was set a production of 4.0 m³ / d of oil, which is an expected average production for several of these fields, whose minimum value of a barrel of oil, to enable this field, was $ 55.00, this value well below what was being practiced in the market today.