Gestione dei sistemi di ricarica dei veicoli elettrici

La tesi tratta dei sistemi di ricarica dei veicoli elettrici e del loro impatto sulla rete. La tesi inoltre analizza i vantaggi delle tecnologie vehicle to grid per l'integrazione della produzione da fonti rinnovabili.

Stazioni di ricarica di veicoli elettrici: caratteristiche e regole della connessione

Oggetto della tesi sono i sistemi di ricarica dei veicoli elettrici, in particolare la diffusione in Europa delle stazioni di carica, i metodi di carica le caratteristiche della connessione del veicolo alla stazione, e della stazione alla rete pubblica di distribuzione. La tesi illustra lo stato dell’arte dei sistemi di ricarica, le norme relative, sia tecniche che di legge, l’interfaccia di connessione fra veicolo elettrico e stazione di ricarica, ancora oggetto di discussione e non ancora unificato a livello europeo. La tesi affronta anche i sistemi di protezione previsti dalla norma tecnica per la sicurezza delle persone dai contatti elettrici. La tesi contiene inoltre cenni al sistema di comunicazione tra veicolo e stazione di ricarica, e alla crescente attenzione della ricerca internazionale per le tecniche “vehicle to grid”.

Hybrid power system intelligent operation and protection involving plug-in electric vehicles

Two key solutions to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and increase the overall energy efficiency are to maximize the utilization of renewable energy resources (RERs) to generate energy for load consumption and to shift to low or zero emission plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) for transportation. The present U.S. aging and overburdened power grid infrastructure is under a tremendous pressure to handle the issues involved in penetration of RERS and PEVs. The future power grid should be designed with for the effective utilization of distributed RERs and distributed generations to intelligently respond to varying customer demand including PEVs with high level of security, stability and reliability. This dissertation develops and verifies such a hybrid AC-DC power system. The system will operate in a distributed manner incorporating multiple components in both AC and DC styles and work in both grid-connected and islanding modes. ^ The verification was performed on a laboratory-based hybrid AC-DC power system testbed as hardware/software platform. In this system, RERs emulators together with their maximum power point tracking technology and power electronics converters were designed to test different energy harvesting algorithms. The Energy storage devices including lithium-ion batteries and ultra-capacitors were used to optimize the performance of the hybrid power system. A lithium-ion battery smart energy management system with thermal and state of charge self-balancing was proposed to protect the energy storage system. A grid connected DC PEVs parking garage emulator, with five lithium-ion batteries was also designed with the smart charging functions that can emulate the future vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-house (V2H) services. This includes grid voltage and frequency regulations, spinning reserves, micro grid islanding detection and energy resource support. ^ The results show successful integration of the developed techniques for control and energy management of future hybrid AC-DC power systems with high penetration of RERs and PEVs.^

Enlarged stopping distance to improve vehicle discharge at urban signalised intersections

Normally, vehicles queued at an intersection reach maximum flow rate after the fourth vehicle and results in a start-up lost time. This research demonstrated that the Enlarged Stopping Distance (ESD) concept could assist in reducing the start-up time and therefore increase traffic flow capacity at signalised intersections. In essence ESD gives sufficient space for a queuing vehicle to accelerate simultaneously without having to wait for the front vehicle to depart, hence reducing start-up lost time. In practice, the ESD concept would be most effective when enlarged stopping distance between the first and second vehicle allowing faster clearance of the intersection.

The UltraCommuter : a viable and desirable solar-powered commuter vehicle

The University of Queensland UltraCommuter project is the demonstration of an ultra-light weight, low drag, energy efficient and low polluting, electric commuter vehicle equipped with a 2.5m2 on-board solar array. A key goal of the project is to make the vehicle predominantly self-sufficient from solar power for normal driving purposes , so that it does not require charging or refuelling from off-board sources. This paper examines the technical feasibility of the solar-powered commuter vehicle concept, as it applies the UltraCommuter project. A parametric description of a solar-powered commuter vehicle is presented. Real solar insolation data is then used to predict the solar driving range for the UltraCommuter and this is compared to typical urban usage patterns for commuter vehicles in Queensland. A comparative analysis of annual greenhouse gas emissions from the vehicle is also presented. The results show that the UltraCommuter’s on-board solar array can provide substantial supplementation of the energy required for normal driving, powering 90% of annual travel needs for an average QLD passenger vehicle. The vehicle also has excellent potential to reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions from the private transport sector, achieving a 98% reduction in CO2 emissions when compared to the average QLD passenger vehicle. Lastly, the vehicle battery pack provides for tolerance to consecutive days of poor weather without resorting to grid charging, giving uninterrupted functionality to the user. These results hold great promise for the technical feasibility of the solar-powered commuter vehicle concept.

An approach to vision-based station keeping for an unmanned underwater vehicle

This paper presents an automatic vision-based system for UUV station keeping. The vehicle is equipped with a down-looking camera, which provides images of the sea-floor. The station keeping system is based on a feature-based motion detection algorithm, which exploits standard correlation and explicit textural analysis to solve the correspondence problem. A visual map of the area surveyed by the vehicle is constructed to increase the flexibility of the system, allowing the vehicle to position itself when it has lost the reference image. The testing platform is the URIS underwater vehicle. Experimental results demonstrating the behavior of the system on a real environment are presented

Riding out of the storm: How to deal with the complexity of grid and cloud management

Over the last decade, Grid computing paved the way for a new level of large scale distributed systems. This infrastructure made it possible to securely and reliably take advantage of widely separated computational resources that are part of several different organizations. Resources can be incorporated to the Grid, building a theoretical virtual supercomputer. In time, cloud computing emerged as a new type of large scale distributed system, inheriting and expanding the expertise and knowledge that have been obtained so far. Some of the main characteristics of Grids naturally evolved into clouds, others were modified and adapted and others were simply discarded or postponed. Regardless of these technical specifics, both Grids and clouds together can be considered as one of the most important advances in large scale distributed computing of the past ten years; however, this step in distributed computing has came along with a completely new level of complexity. Grid and cloud management mechanisms play a key role, and correct analysis and understanding of the system behavior are needed. Large scale distributed systems must be able to self-manage, incorporating autonomic features capable of controlling and optimizing all resources and services. Traditional distributed computing management mechanisms analyze each resource separately and adjust specific parameters of each one of them. When trying to adapt the same procedures to Grid and cloud computing, the vast complexity of these systems can make this task extremely complicated. But large scale distributed systems complexity could only be a matter of perspective. It could be possible to understand the Grid or cloud behavior as a single entity, instead of a set of resources. This abstraction could provide a different understanding of the system, describing large scale behavior and global events that probably would not be detected analyzing each resource separately. In this work we define a theoretical framework that combines both ideas, multiple resources and single entity, to develop large scale distributed systems management techniques aimed at system performance optimization, increased dependability and Quality of Service (QoS). The resulting synergy could be the key 350 J. Montes et al. to address the most important difficulties of Grid and cloud management.

Vehicle integration and evaluation of advanced restraint systems. Phase B - test report: Torino-to-Volvo tests.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Baseline test of compact vehicle side structure, 25 mph, 60 degree impact, Torino-to-Volare test no. 1. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Baseline test of compact vehicle side structure 25 mph, 60 degree impact, Torino-to-Volare test no. 2. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Impact test of compact vehicle with modified side structure, 25 mph, 60 degree impact, Torino-to-Volare, test no. 3. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Impact test of compact vehicle with modified side structure, 35 mph, 90 degree impact, Torino-to-Volare, test no. 4. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Impact test of compact vehicle with modified side structure, 35 mph, 60 degree impact, Torino-to-Volare, test no. 5. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Impact test of compact vehicle with modified side structure, 35 mph, 60 degree impact, Impala-to-Volare, test no. 10. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Impact test of compact vehicle with modified side structure, 35 mph, 90 degree impact, Impala-to-Volare, test no. 11. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.