Análise histórico-cultural, paisagística e quali-quantitativa dos elementos arquitetônicos da Praça Sete de Setembro, Ribeirão Preto, SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O lazer e as relações socioambientais em Belém - Pará

Esta tese desenvolveu uma análise sobre a dinâmica do campo relacional do lazer em Áreas Verdes Públicas Urbanas. O objetivo principal foi analisar as vivências de lazer e sua intermediação nas relações socioambientais em Belém, a partir de uma trajetória balizada nas relações entre os agentes do campo do lazer; na configuração desse campo relacional, por meio das vivências em três dessas áreas, quais sejam, o Bosque Rodrigues Alves Jardim Zoobotânico da Amazônia, a Praça Batista Campos e o Parque Estadual do Utinga, e nos programas, projetos e ações de lazer e meio ambiente existentes nas mesmas. Como opção teórico-metodológica, foram seguidas as orientações propostas por Pierre Bourdieu, explorando seu referencial teórico-metodológico nas investigações e os conceitos de campo e de habitus, mas também se alicerça em teorias que tratam do lazer, da urbanização de Belém, de natureza e de Áreas Verdes Públicas Urbanas. De cunho qualitativo, esta pesquisa foi realizada com base em estudos exploratórios, por meio da combinação entre levantamento bibliográfico, análise documental e pesquisa de campo, com observação simples e entrevistas não diretivas. Foi possível observar que há o reconhecimento da existência do lazer institucionalizado, já que na sociedade moderna o espaço e o tempo nas grandes metrópoles passa a adquirir esse caráter, mas também fica evidente que o cidadão vivencia o lazer como prática livre, como necessidade humana, muitas vezes se utilizando deste como intermediador de suas relações com a natureza. Neste sentido, percebeu-se que existem diversas formas de relações nessas áreas e um lazer de qualidade poderia melhorar tais relações. Entretanto, no campo relacional do lazer em Áreas Verdes Públicas Urbanas, algumas instituições representantes do poder público que deveriam estar presentes nessas áreas e atuar de forma direta no referido campo, mostram-se ausentes.

O transporte urbano e a circulação na abordagem espacial: análise do transporte coletivo urbano da região do ABCD, grande São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Práticas socioespaciais e espaços públicos em Guarapuava-PR

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estado e política pública urbana: a revitalização do centro de Santos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise dos processos e instrumentos de ordenação do território: comparação entre Brasil e Portugal

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Análise da qualidade do transporte público por ônibus no município de Jundiaí-SP

This work shows the importance of taking a good organization of space for the improvement of urban public transport. The model of urban transport is used improperly aggravating factor that generates diseconomies to society. The reduction of the use of public transport, degradation of environmental conditions, chronic congestion, poor accessibility and high rates of traffic accidents are common in many cities. The case study will be done in Jundiaí - SP, where actions were taken to try to reverse this situation of crisis in urban transport, as the change in transport network system. Will analyze the proposals adopted for the implementation of the new network model, steps taken, questionnaires and results from these studies. Verifying the effectiveness of the new transport network model adopted and its reflection with users, those who use the transportation and / or who directly suffer the influences this

Representações do exílio e da melancolia: uma leitura das crônicas de Berna, de Clarice Lispector

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Rua da Frente: Avenida Getúlio Vargas como contexto na prostituição em São Carlos - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aplicação de um método ergonômico para avaliação da permanência e atratividade em espaço público aberto: estudo de caso Parque Vitória Régia, Bauru - SP

There are several researches on evaluation of urban public space, but not all establish a relationship between the configuration of spaces with the thermal environment, ergonomics and environmental behavior of users. To understand this relationship, the aim of this paper is to present the model DEPAN (Design for Permanence and Attractiveness in niches open spaces of conviviality), based on graphical meshes, which were designed to evaluate the influence of design and ergonomics of open public spaces in the human thermal comfort and the ways in which users appropriate the space. Its applicability is demonstrated through a case study conducted in a park in the city of Bauru-SP. To perform this evaluation public space niches were chosen. They were formed by morphological elements and street furniture and defined by their spatial arrangements. The collected data were incorporated into a Geographic Information System (GIS), which allowed the overlay of meshes. The results indicate that the DEPAN model allows the verification of the spatial characteristics, thermal quality and ergonomic design generated by spaces, as well as the evaluation of the influence of these aspects in the way of using the spaces. The model allows the generation of a classification for every niche and set a value for the level of service offered.

Prevalence and predictors of kaposi sarcoma herpes virus seropositivity: a cross-sectional analysis of HIV-infected adults initiating ART in Johannesburg, South Africa

Background Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-defining tumour in HIV-infected individuals in Africa. Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) infection precedes development of KS. KSHV co-infection may be associated with worse outcomes in HIV disease and elevated KSHV viral load may be an early marker for advanced HIV disease among untreated patients. We examined the prevalence of KSHV among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and compared immunological, demographic and clinical factors between patients seropositive and seronegative for KSHV. Results We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from 404 HIV-infected treatment-naïve adults initiating ART at the Themba Lethu Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa between November 2008 and March 2009. Subjects were screened at ART initiation for antibodies to KSHV lytic K8.1 and latent Orf73 antigens. Seropositivity to KSHV was defined as positive to either lytic KSHV K8.1 or latent KSHV Orf73 antibodies. KSHV viremia was determined by quantitative PCR and CD3, 4 and 8 lymphocyte counts were determined with flow cytometry. Of the 404 participants, 193 (48%) tested positive for KSHV at ART initiation; with 76 (39%) reactive to lytic K8.1, 35 (18%) to latent Orf73 and 82 (42%) to both. One individual presented with clinical KS at ART initiation. The KSHV infected group was similar to those without KSHV in terms of age, race, gender, ethnicity, smoking and alcohol use. KSHV infected individuals presented with slightly higher median CD3 (817 vs. 726 cells/mm3) and CD4 (90 vs. 80 cells/mm3) counts than KSHV negative subjects. We found no associations between KSHV seropositivity and body mass index, tuberculosis status, WHO stage, HIV RNA levels, full blood count or liver function tests at initiation. Those with detectable KSHV viremia (n = 19), however, appeared to present with signs of more advanced HIV disease including anemia and WHO stage 3 or 4 defining conditions compared to those in whom the virus was undetectable. Conclusions We demonstrate a high prevalence of KSHV among HIV-infected adults initiating ART in a large urban public-sector HIV clinic. KSHV viremia but not KSHV seropositivity may be associated with markers of advanced HIV disease.

Retrospective analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (SSTI) in a university hospital emergency department (ED)

Study Objective: Identify the most frequent risk factors of Community Acquired-MRSA (CA-MRSA) Skin and Soft-tissue Infections (SSTIs) using a case series of patients and characterize them by age, race/ethnicity, gender, abscess location, druguse and intravenous drug-user (IVDU), underlying medical conditions, homelessness, treatment resistance, sepsis, those whose last healthcare visit was within the last 12 months, and describe the susceptibility pattern from this central Texas population that have come into the University Medical Center Brackenridge (UMCB) Emergency Department (ED). ^ Methods: This study was a retrospective case-series medical record review involving a convenience sample of patients in 2007 from an urban public hospital's ED in Texas that had a SSTI that tested positive for MRSA. All positive MRSA cultures underwent susceptibility testing to determine antibiotic resistance. The demographic and clinical variables that were independently associated with MRSA were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals, and significance (p≤ 0.05). ^ Results: In 2007, there were 857 positive MRSA cultures. The demographics were: males 60% and females 40%, with the average age of 36.2 (std. dev. =13) the study population consisted of non-Hispanic white (42%), Hispanics (38%), and non-Hispanic black (18.8%). Possible risk factors addressed included using recreational drugs (not including IVDU) (27%) homelessness (13%), diabetes status (12.6%) or having an infectious disease, and IVDU (10%). The most frequent abscess location was the leg (26.6%), followed by the arm and torso (both 13.7%). Eighty-three percent of patients had one prominent susceptibility pattern that had a susceptibility rate for the following antibiotics: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and vancomycin had 100%, gentamicin 99%, clindamycin 96%, tetracycline 96%, and erythromycin 56%. ^ Conclusion: The ED is becoming an important area for disease transmission between the sterile hospital environment and the outside environment. As always, it is important to further research in the ED in an effort to better understand MRSA transmission and antibiotic resistance, as well as to keep surveillance for the introduction of new opportunistic pathogens into the population. ^

Metodología de evaluación de la eficiencia de los servicios de autobús urbano : aplicación a las grandes ciudades españolas en el período 2004-2009

En estos tiempos de crisis se hace imperativo lograr un consumo de recursos públicos lo más racional posible. El transporte público urbano es un sector al que se dedican grandes inversiones y cuya prestación de servicios está fuertemente subvencionada. El incremento de la eficiencia técnica del sector, entendida como la relación entre producción de servicios y consumo de recursos, puede ayudar a conseguir una mejor gestión de los fondos públicos. Un primer paso para que se produzca una mejora es el desarrollo de una metodología de evaluación de la eficiencia técnica de las compañías de transporte público. Existen diferentes métodos para la evaluación técnica de un conjunto de compañías pertenecientes a un sector. Uno de los más utilizados es el método frontera, en el que se encuentra el análisis envolvente de datos (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA, por sus siglas en inglés). Este método permite establecer una frontera de eficiencia técnica relativa a un determinado grupo de compañías, en función de un número limitado de variables. Las variables deben cuantificar, por un lado, la prestación de servicios de las distintas compañías (outputs), y por el otro, los recursos consumidos en la producción de dichos servicios (inputs). El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar, mediante el uso del método DEA, la eficiencia técnica de los servicios de autobuses urbanos en España. Para ello, se estudia el número de variables más adecuado para conformar los modelos con los que se obtienen las fronteras de eficiencia. En el desarrollo de la metodología se utilizan indicadores de los servicios de autobús urbano de las principales ciudades de las áreas metropolitanas españolas, para el periodo 2004-2009. In times of crisis it is imperative achieve a consumption of public resources as rational as possible. Urban public transport is a sector devoted to large investments and whose services are heavily subsidized. Increase the technical efficiency of the sector, defined as the ratio of service output and resource consumption, can help achieve a better management of public funds. One step to produce an improvement is the development of a methodology for evaluating the technical efficiency of the public transport companies. There are different methods for the technical evaluation of a set of companies within an industry. One of the most widely used methods is the frontier method, in particular the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This method allows the calculation of a technical efficiency frontier on a specific group of companies, based on a limited number of variables. Variables must quantify, on the one hand, the provision of services of different companies (outputs), and on the other hand, the resources consumed in the production of such services (inputs). The objective of this thesis is to analyze, using the DEA method, the technical efficiency of urban bus services in Spain. For this purpose, it is studied the more suitable variables that can be used in the models to obtain the efficiency frontiers. In developing the methodology are used indicators of urban bus services in major cities of the Spanish metropolitan areas for the period 2004-2009.

El vacío entre infraestructuras lineales y ciudad: espacios anómalos como oportunidad para lo colectivo

Partiendo del estudio del vacío del muro de Berlín en el Laboratorio de Paisaje como infraestructura lineal y espacio anómalo, se pretende profundizar la investigación de los vacíos generados por las infraestructuras lineales que atraviesan nuestras ciudades, espacios marginales, olvidados o apartados de la trama urbana pero llenos de identidad y significado donde se pueden generar nuevas oportunidades para el espacio público. A través de un estudio de casos se intentará analizar la potencialidad de este tipo de espacios intermedios como nuevos espacios para la colectividad a través de su re-significación y de su conexión con la red de espacios publicos urbanos. ABSTRACT. Based on the study of the void within the Berlin Wall at the Lab in the first semester as linear infrastructure and anomalous space, this research aims to study the gaps generated by linear infrastructures that pass through our cities, marginal spaces, forgotten or disconnected from the urban network but full of identity and meaning where new opportunities can be created for the public space. Through a case study will analyze the potential of such gaps as new spaces for the community through its re-signification and its connection with the network of urban public spaces.

El enfoque integrado en los programas de regeneración urbana de barrios desfavorecidos: una visión relacional

Actualmente se reconoce de forma generalizada que la problemática de los barrios más desfavorecidos presenta un trasfondo estructural de magnitud multidimensional que implica a múltiples actores, que requiere respuestas de carácter multiescalar, multidimensional y multiagente y un alto nivel de cooperación institucional y de coordinación entre la diversidad de actores, que pone en cuestión los modelos de gobernanza y gestión urbana tradicionales. Frente a los retos e implicaciones que plantea la noción de espacio como construcción social y los problemas de coordinación detectados que limitan el alcance de la regeneración urbana integrada, en esta investigación se pregunta por los principales elementos que pueden facilitar la dinamización y coordinación de los procesos y se plantea que es preciso aprovechar el propio proceso participativo para reforzar el papel de estos elementos y generar mejores condiciones para la colaboración en un proceso de aprendizaje práctico de formas de análisis e intervención integrada y gestión relacional, que supere los niveles de información y consulta de la práctica participativa habitual. Se centra por tanto la atención en los factores que facilitan la dinamización y coordinación de los procesos (elementos dinamizadores y articuladores), en el nivel de participación social y cooperación institucional en los distintos momentos de la planificación de la estrategia entendida como un proceso continuo de reflexión-acción-reflexión y en aquellas condiciones del modelo de participación que pueden propiciar relaciones estratégicas y mejorar la capacidad de interacción y acción del sistema de actores y relaciones en el proceso de planificación y gestión, que lleva a cuestionar en qué medida los soportes (foros de participación y nodos y ejes de actividad y relación) y el tipo de técnicas (técnicas de dinamización y técnicas de identificación y activación de oportunidades) de los modelos de participación de experiencias concretas pueden fomentar formas de interacción que mejoren la comunicación y la movilización de recursos. Para analizar esta situación en la práctica, se desarrolla un marco conceptual, metodológico y operativo a partir de la contribución de conceptos, teorías y modelos basados en una visión relacional y multidimensional de las dinámicas de desarrollo local integrado. Esta metodología se valida en cuatro casos de referencia a partir de la información de documentos oficiales y de las visiones de la diversidad de actores implicados recogidas a través de una primera consulta a expertos (13) y entrevistas semiestructuradas a representantes de la diversidad de actores implicados (75), que se ha procesado por medio de tres herramientas conceptuales de análisis complementarias desarrolladas a lo largo de la investigación apoyadas en la perspectiva relacional de la reinterpretación actual del espacio y las escalas: el ‘Sistema de acción local’, el ‘Diagrama de momentos’ del proceso de planificación y gestión, y la ‘Matriz de caracterización’ del modelo de participación. La evaluación y la comparativa de los casos según el método de análisis evidencian la importancia del papel ejercido por los elementos articuladores (actores y organismos de enlace, espacios de encuentro y acción, y los significados y visiones compartidas) y dinamizadores (el capital social y las capacidades institucionales propiciadas en redes de colaboración) a la hora de facilitar la colaboración entre las distintas instituciones responsables, reforzar las relaciones entre actores, grupos y entidades del barrio, y mejorar los problemas de convivencia vecinal, y en definitiva, de mejorar las posibilidades de los diferentes actores urbanos de implicarse de manera activa. Además, las fórmulas alternativas que se han puesto en marcha en los distintos casos frente a las dificultades que presenta la administración a la hora de trabajar por proyectos y el resto de actores de colaborar de forma constructiva, han supuesto un importante proceso de aprendizaje y práctica en formas de participación y colaboración. ABSTRACT It is widely accepted that the current situation of multi-deprived neighborhoods has a structural and a multidimensional basis involving multiple actors that calls for multiscale, multidimensional and multiagent solutions and requires a high level of institutional cooperation and a great deal of coordination between different actors. This calls into question traditional governance and management models. In order to cope with the challenges and implications of the idea of the social construction of space and these coordination requirements that compromise the scope of integrated urban regeneration strategies, this research focuses on the main elements and factors that facilitate the mobilization and coordination of the regeneration processes, and recognizes the importance of participation processes facilitating better social, communication and collaboration skills in a practical learning process of integrated analysis and urban regeneration interventions and relational governance mechanisms going beyond mere information and consultation levels. Thus, the study focuses on the principal factors which facilitate the mobilization and coordination of integrated area regeneration, the level of social participation and institutional cooperation at different planning moments in a continuous process of reflection-action-reflection, and the conditions under which the participation process may promote strategic relationships and improve the performance of the system of actors and relationships in the planning and management process. This questions to what extent the supports (participation arenas and activity nodes and axis) and the type of techniques (participation encouragement and opportunities identification and activation techniques) considered in participation models had led to a level of interaction that has improved communication and resource mobilization capabilities. In order to analyze this situation in practice, a conceptual, methodological and operational framework is developed, which considers the contributions of the review of concepts, theories and models based on a relational and multidimensional view of local development dynamics. This methodology is validated in four representative case studies in view of official documents and the contributions of diverse stakeholders gathered through a first consultation to experts (13) and semi-structured interviews to representatives of the diversity of actors involved (75). This data has been processed by three complementary analytical tools developed during the research, based on the relational perspective of the current reinterpretation of space and scales: the 'Local Action System', the 'Diagram of planning moments', and the 'Characterization matrix of the participation model'. The comparative evaluation of the four case studies carried out using the analytical method developed during the project, shows the importance of the availability and the role of linkage elements (actors and organizations, collective spaces and shared visions) and drivers (social capital and institutional capacities generated through collaborative networks) in facilitating the collaboration among all responsible institutions, in promoting and strengthening relations between actors, groups and neighborhood organizations, and in improving the conviviality and social cohesion conditions, and ultimately in fostering the possibilities of diversity of urban actors to engage and participate actively in the transformation process, increasing accordingly the options for change. In addition, despite all the difficulties, these practices have implemented alternative formulas addressing the limitations of the administration in working by projects and not by competences and of the stakeholders in collaborating in a constructive way. The development and implementation of these participatory formulas has been an important learning process.