953 resultados para Underground nuclear explosions.


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"Issued: June 12, 1962"--Cover; "April 27, 1962"--Title page.

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"U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Plowshare Program"--Cover.

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"Project Gnome, Carlsbad, New Mexico, December 10, 1961."

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U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Plowshare Program -- Cover.

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"Issued: May 22, 1962"--Cover ; "1961"--Title page.

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"Issuance Date: May 24, 1965"--cover ; "December 1964"--title page

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This essay reviews the decision-making process that led to India exploding a nuclear device in May, 1974. An examination of the Analytic, Cybernetic and Cognitive Theories of decision, will enable a greater understanding of the events that led up to the 1974 test. While each theory is seen to be only partially useful, it is only by synthesising the three theories that a comprehensive account of the 1974 test can be given. To achieve this analysis, literature on decision-making in national security issues is reviewed, as well as the domestic and international environment in which involved decisionmakers operated. Finally, the rationale for the test in 1974 is examined. The conclusion revealed is that the explosion of a nuclear device by India in 1974 was primarily related to improving Indian international prestige among Third World countries and uniting a rapidly disintegrating Indian societal consensus. In themselves, individual decision-making theories were found to be of little use, but a combination of the various elements allowed a greater comprehension of the events leading up to the test than might otherwise have been the case.

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Includes indexes.

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One hundred nine annotated and subject-arranged references are presented to reports and published literature concerning excavation, natural resources development and scientific applications. Author and report number availability indexes are included.

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At head of title: TID-3522 (8th rev.); Nuclear explosions--Peaceful applications (TID-4500).

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"Part of this work done under ARPA Order 631, Program Code No. 5820."

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137Cs is an artificial radioactive isotope produced by 235U fission. This radionuclide has a high fission yield and a half-life of 30 years. It has been detected in the environment since 1945 and its principal contamination source has been nuclear tests in the atmosphere. There are other sources of 137Cs contamination in the environment, such as: release from nuclear and reprocessing plants, radioactive dumping and nuclear accidents (Chernobyl, for example). This paper presents an inventory of 137Cs on the Continental Shelf of São Paulo State, a region located between Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (Santa Catarina state) and Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro state). In this area, 9 cores were collected by the Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo University Institute of Oceanography). The cores were sliced at every 2 cm; sub-samples were lyophilized, grinded and stored in plastic containers. 137Cs was determined by 661 keV photopeak using a gamma spectrometry detector (Ge hyperpure). The analysis was performed by efficiency and background in different counting times. 137Cs concentration activities varied from 0.3 to 3.6 Bq kg-1 with a mean value of 1.2±0.6 Bq kg-1. The inventory of 137Cs in this area was 13±7 Bq m-2. Values obtained are in agreement with the Southern Hemisphere, a region contaminated by atmospheric fallout due to past nuclear explosions.