Uma aplicação de análise de decisão com o método AHP Processo de hierarquia analítica: um estudo sobre adoção de Sistema eletrônico de cobrança no Transporte público urbano

This thesis carries through an application of Analysis of Multicriterion Decision with use of the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the problematic one of taking of decision of the adoption of electronic collecting in the system of urban transport in the country, a subject that has been controversial. A modeling of criteria and alternatives is carried through and applied a questionnaire based on method AHP the excellent actors in the system of urban transport - Leading of the Managing Agency Public Municipal theatre of Urban Transports, Controller of Company of Bus, Controller of Labor union, Controller of Union of Companies, Communitarian Leader. The considered alternatives were: the maintenance of the current state with collectors, the implementation of electronic collection without collectors, and the implementation of electronic collection with collectors. The used criteria were: job, impact in the fare, control of the system, easiness of use, information. The study was carried through in the city of Natal, RN, where if the adoption of electronic collection argues and where this implementation in some bus lines between Natal and Parnamirim exists, city that integrates the region of the great Natal. The main results of the method evidence in a dimension, the viability of use of method AHP with questionnaire by means of validation of the judgments with analysis of variance beyond proper the normal mechanisms of analysis of consistency to the method, and in another one, the contribution of the analysis boarding multicriterion to become the judgments more clearly. The main results of the analysis help to show that although to models of criteria and distinct judgments of the actors, the method evidenced that it has inclination the adoption of the electronic collection on the current situation, even so with divergences between the maintenance or not of the collector. The research points to the possibility of accomplishment of the application of the AHP in successive rounds of judgments

Determination of ecological efficiency in internal combustion engines: The use of biodiesel

This paper evaluates and quantifies the environmental impact from the use of some renewable fuels and fossils fuels in internal combustion engines. The following fuels are evaluated: gasoline blended with anhydrous ethyl alcohol (anhydrous ethanol), conventional diesel fuel, biodiesel in pure form and blended with diesel fuel, and natural gas. For the case of biodiesel, its complete life cycle and the closed carbon cycle (photosynthesis) were considered. The ecological efficiency concept depends on the environmental impact caused by CO(2), SO(2), NO(x) and particulate material (PM) emissions. The exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in the case of the gasoline (blended with alcohol), biodiesel and biodiesel blended with conventional diesel, are the less polluting; on the other hand, the most polluting are those related to conventional diesel. They can cause serious problems to the environment because of their dangerous components for the human, animal and vegetable life. The resultant pollution of each one of the mentioned fuels are analyzed, considering separately CO(2), SO(2), NO(x) and particulate material (PM) emissions. As conclusion, it is possible to calculate an environmental factor that represents, qualitatively and quantitative, the emissions in internal combustion engines that are mostly used in urban transport. Biodiesel in pure form (B100) and blended with conventional diesel as fuel for engines pollute less than conventional diesel fuel. The ecological efficiency for pure biodiesel (B100) is 86.75%: for biodiesel blended with conventional diesel fuel (B20, 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel), it is 78.79%. Finally, the ecological efficiency for conventional diesel, when used in engines, is 77.34%; for gasoline, it is 82.52%, and for natural gas, it is 91.95%. All these figures considered a thermal efficiency of 30% for the internal combustion engine. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

As fontes de desgaste físico e emocional e a Síndrome de Burnout no setor de transporte coletivo urbano de Natal

Recognizing the importance the workplace has on mental health of the individual, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the burnout syndrome and the sources of physical and emotional wear which permeate the work conditions of the urban public transport system of the city of Natal. Although existent in international literature, research on burnout in the professional transport category and studies directed to this category are not a tradition in Brazil. The research was carried out using 412 drivers and money-changers of two transport companies of Natal. To collect the data, two questionnaires and a semi-structured interview were used. The first instrument, developed and validated during the research, investigated the sources of wear and the second, the syndrome of burnout. As its main results, two sources of empirical wear were identified as follows: (1) the Conflict of Values and the Lack of Justice at the Workplace, (2) Union and Reward. Besides these, it was observed that there is an incidence of the syndrome of burnout among the drivers and money-changers of urban transport by bus, not only in the caring occupations studied before in Natal and Brazil and that this incidence is related to the sources of wear which permeate the work conditions of these professionals

Sprawl e o modal de transporte motorizado: impactos na cidade de Londrina, PR

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Aplicación del análisis de sistemas a las ciudades y al transporte público urbano

Incluye bibliografía

Integrated and sustainable mobility policies: review and proposed conceptual framework

This issue of the FAL Bulletin examines aspects of current urban transport policies in Latin America and proposes a conceptual framework for an integrated and sustainable mobility policy.

Measures for controlling traffic congestion

Traffic congestion has become a severe scourge in large cities, in both the industrialized and developing countries. Increasing demand for urban transport and transit has led to longer travel times, and a greater incidence of accidents, environmental problems and deterioration in the quality of life than is considered acceptable for citizens. A multidisciplinary approach is required in order to keep the negative effects of congestion under control and to ensure standards of living remain sustainable. In view of the seriousness of the problem, ECLAC with the support of the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ) is carrying out a project to study measures that contribute to traffic control. As part of this project, initiatives regarding the supply of, and the demand for, transport have been examined, and a programme to disseminate information is being conducted.For further information, please contact Mr Alberto Bull .

Traffic congestion: its economic and social consequences

Urban transport in the largest Latin American and Caribbean cities consumes about 3.5% of regional GDP — a percentage that is inflated by the effects of traffic congestion. In addition to the costs of congestion in terms of lost economic efficiency, there are also negative consequences in terms of social cohesion. The phenomenon of traffic congestion, which is caused mainly by relatively wealthy car drivers, lengthens journey times and, more importantly, forces up public transport fares. Owning a car is one of the fruits of human progress; using it in conditions of acute congestion or contamination is a social ill.

Manejo de stress, coping e resiliência em motoristas de ônibus urbano

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Are we building competitive and liveable cities?: Guidelines for developing eco-efficient and socially inclusive infrastructure

This guideline jointly published by The UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), in partnership with the Urban Design Lab of the Earth Institute, Columbia University, provides practical tools for city planners and decision makers to reform urban planning and infrastructure design according to the principles of eco-efficiency and social inclusiveness. It includes case studies from the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Japan and Sri Lanka.

Análise econômica do uso de célula a combustível para acionamento de ônibus urbano

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Políticas públicas e trabalho no transporte alternativo na Amazônia: moto táxi

Analisa a problemática dos transportes urbanos, no contexto da Região Amazônica. O estudo tem o objetivo de descrever e analisar o transporte de moto-táxi nas cidades de Castanhal, no estado do Pará, e Tefé, no estado do Amazonas, como uma amostra de uma realidade dessa Região, frente às necessidades da produção (indústria privada de motocicleta) e da reprodução (grupo de pessoas). O estudo foi: a) exploratório, porque há pouco conhecimento acumulado e sistematizado sobre o tema; b) explanatório, em razão da busca de relações entre as variáveis; e c) descritivo, pelo motivo de que se estimou freqüências de elementos com determinada propriedade ou característica quantitativa. A pesquisa empírica obedece a um plano amostral. A busca por conhecimento sobre o transporte alternativo se deu por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica. A conclusão desta exposição científica é que a ausência de políticas públicas de transporte urbano em um contexto de desestruturação do mercado de trabalho contribui para o surgimento de serviços de transportes inadequados. Esses serviços têm se constituído, muitas vezes, numa única alternativa de transporte urbano, inadequado pela perspectiva da segurança, e também numa única oportunidade de trabalho, porém excludente do rol de benefícios capaz de reduzir os riscos sociais dos trabalhadores. Neste sentido, aceita-se a hipótese de que a crescente necessidade por transporte alternativo tem se justificado pela ausência de adequadas políticas públicas de transporte e emprego.

O transporte urbano e a circulação na abordagem espacial: análise do transporte coletivo urbano da região do ABCD, grande São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)