Travels in the West. Cuba; with notices of Porto Rico, and the slave trade.

Leaf tobacco and cigars in Cuban exports: p. 115, 119. Account of Cuban tobacco culture and "the celebrated cigars of the Havana and Puerto Principe": p. 317-320.

The Black patch war,

Mode of access: Internet.

Swedish Match : En kvalitativ studie om butikskonceptet

Title: Swedish Match-En kvalitativ studie om butikskonceptet  Author: Adam Waernér/Erik Rehnberg  Supervisor: Jonas Jonasson  Key Words: Communication, Branding, Culture, PR, Advertisement  Purpose: The purpose of this research is to understand the background of the launch of Swedish Match´s stores. Because of the strict laws against marketing of tobacco products in Sweden, we believe that the stores are an interesting way of approaching a new branding and communication strategy in the tobacco industry.  Research questions: What´s the background to the launch of Swedish Match Stores? What´s the stores impact on Swedish Match image? How do Swedish Match Stores impact the cultural status of snus? In what ways do the cultural trends impact the snus market?  Theory: In this study we have applied theories concerning culture, communication, branding, PR and advertisement. Methodology: We have chosen to apply a qualitative method on this research. The method consists of three different methods: one focus group, one observation study which consists of two different observations both in the Gothenburg store and the store in Stockholm, the last method is an online interview with the public relations officer of Swedish Match in Sweden. Because of the chosen method´s we hope to bring three different perspectives to the  study: From the customers perspective, from our own perspective and finally from the company´s perspective.  Findings: Through this research we discovered that the stores do not only work as a communication strategy for Swedish Match. The store as a phenomenon also works in the aspect of branding, PR and also gives a higher cultural status to snus. Through our own observation and the focus group we came to the conclusion that the stores in terms of image of Swedish Match implements a cultural aspect of swedishness to the company, as well as a more modern and new take on snus. We also came to the conclusion that snus is a cultural phenomenon that is impacted of other contemporary trends, such as gastronomic trends and the increased popularity of small scale exclusivity.

Diageo's 'Stop Out of Control Drinking' campaign in Ireland: an analysis

Background: It has been argued that the alcohol industry uses corporate social responsibility activities to influence policy and undermine public health, and that every opportunity should be taken to scrutinise such activities. This study analyses a controversial Diageo-funded ‘responsible drinking’ campaign (“Stop out of Control Drinking”, or SOOCD) in Ireland. The study aims to identify how the campaign and its advisory board members frame and define (i) alcohol-related harms, and their causes, and (ii) possible solutions. Methods: Documentary analysis of SOOCD campaign material. This includes newspaper articles (n = 9), media interviews (n = 11), Facebook posts (n = 92), and Tweets (n = 340) produced by the campaign and by board members. All material was coded inductively, and a thematic analysis undertaken, with codes aggregated into sub-themes. Results: The SOOCD campaign utilises vague or self-defined concepts of ‘out of control’ and ‘moderate’ drinking, tending to present alcohol problems as behavioural rather than health issues. These are also unquantified with respect to actual drinking levels. It emphasises alcohol-related antisocial behaviour among young people, particularly young women. In discussing solutions to alcohol-related problems, it focuses on public opinion rather than on scientific evidence, and on educational approaches and information provision, misrepresenting these as effective. “Moderate drinking” is presented as a behavioural issue (“negative drinking behaviours”), rather than as a health issue. Conclusions: The ‘Stop Out of Control Drinking’ campaign frames alcohol problems and solutions in ways unfavourable to public health, and closely reflects other Diageo Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activity, as well as alcohol and tobacco industry strategies more generally. This framing, and in particular the framing of alcohol harms as a behavioural issue, with the implication that consumption should be guided only by self-defined limits, may not have been recognised by all board members. It suggests a need for awareness-raising efforts among the public, third sector and policymakers about alcohol industry strategies

Transcript and metabolite profiling for the evaluation of tobacco tree and poplar as feedstock for the bio-based industry

The global demand for food, feed, energy and water poses extraordinary challenges for future generations. It is evident that robust platforms for the exploration of renewable resources are necessary to overcome these challenges. Within the multinational framework MultiBioPro we are developing biorefinery pipelines to maximize the use of plant biomass. More specifically, we use poplar and tobacco tree (Nicotiana glauca) as target crop species for improving saccharification, isoprenoid, long chain hydrocarbon contents, fiber quality, and suberin and lignin contents. The methods used to obtain these outputs include GC-MS, LC-MS and RNA sequencing platforms. The metabolite pipelines are well established tools to generate these types of data, but also have the limitations in that only well characterized metabolites can be used. The deep sequencing will allow us to include all transcripts present during the developmental stages of the tobacco tree leaf, but has to be mapped back to the sequence of Nicotiana tabacum. With these set-ups, we aim at a basic understanding for underlying processes and at establishing an industrial framework to exploit the outcomes. In a more long term perspective, we believe that data generated here will provide means for a sustainable biorefinery process using poplar and tobacco tree as raw material. To date the basal level of metabolites in the samples have been analyzed and the protocols utilized are provided in this article.

Tobacco Streak Virus (TSV) in Cotton - scoping study

This project aims to examine the possible impact of Tobacco Streak Virus (TSV) on the Australian cotton industry. TSV is transmitted by thrips, causes a disease which has had a significant impact on grain crops in Central Queensland and a preliminary study in 2007 has shown that cotton is also susceptible to field infection in this region, but many questions remain unanswered. This project aims to: • Determine the impact of TSV in “normal” seasons. • Survey New South Wales and Queensland crops and determine alternative weed and crop hosts. • Assess yield-loss in cotton due to TSV, and factors that lead to systemic infection. • Assess thrips vector species present in cotton • Provide extension material on the impact and management of TSV in cotton

Tobacco Streak Virus in cotton-scoping study

In 2006, Tobacco streak virus (TSV) was identified as the causal agent of the devastating sunflower necrosis disease in central Queensland (CQ), and subsequently in 2007 as the cause of major losses in mungbeans in the same area. It has been a major factor in the recent downturn in the sunflower industry in CQ. Surveys in 2007/2008 as part of a one year scoping study (project 03DAQ005) found TSV in cotton in CQ. The symptoms were mostly confined to the feeding sites of the thrips and appeared as reddish spots and rings, but only occasionally the plants were systemically infected and showed a chlorotic mosaic and leaf deformation. The major objectives of this project (DAQ0002) were to determine: the incidence and distribution of TSV in cotton and its likely effect on yield; the thrips vector species associated with TSV infections in cotton; and the factors that may lead to systemic infections. In contrast to the extensive damage observed in sunflower and mungbean crops from the same region, TSV has caused no measurable damage in commercial cotton crops surveyed in CQ over the seasons 2008/9 to 2010/11. No TSV infected cotton was found in regions outside of CQ and the geographical distribution of TSV disease in cotton (and other susceptible hosts) appears to be closely related to the distribution of the major alternative host, parthenium weed. The most likely thrips species responsible for transmission of TSV into cotton is the tomato thrips (Frankliniella schultzei) and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci). Systemically infected plants are rarely seen in commercial crops and have also been rarely produced in controlled tests. It appears that systemic infection may be transient with only mild symptoms being produced intermittently. With current cultivars and conditions, it appears likely that TSV will continue to cause only minor levels of mild local lesions with no impact on yield in cotton crops. It appears that no specific control strategies are required to limit the impact of TSV in cotton. However, general farm hygiene to minimise the presence of the major alternative host of TSV, parthenium weed, is advised and may be of vital importance if TSV susceptible rotational crops such as mung beans are grown.

Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in hospitality venues: are genetic- or proteomics-based biomarkers predictive of respiratory diseases?

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is recognized as an occupational hazard in the hospitality industry. Although Portuguese legislation banned smoking in most indoor public spaces, it is still allowed in some restaurants/bars, representing a potential risk to the workers’ health, particularly for chronic respiratory diseases. The aims of this work were to characterize biomarkers of early genetic effects and to disclose proteomic signatures associated to occupational exposure to ETS and with potential to predict respiratory diseases development. A detailed lifestyle survey and clinical evaluation (including spirometry) were performed in 81 workers from Lisbon restaurants. ETS exposure was assessed through the level of PM 2.5 in indoor air and the urinary level of cotinine. The plasma samples were immunodepleted and analysed by 2D-SDSPAGE followed by in-gel digestion and LC-MS/MS. DNA lesions and chromosome damage were analysed innlymphocytes and in exfoliated buccal cells from 19 cigarette smokers, 29 involuntary smokers, and 33 non-smokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. Also, the DNA repair capacity was evaluated using an ex vivo challenge comet assay with an alkylating agent (EMS). All workers were considered healthy and recorded normal lung function. Interestingly, following 2D-DIGE-MS (MALDI-TOF/TOF), 61 plasma proteins were found differentially expressed in ETS-exposed subjects, including 38 involved in metabolism, acute-phase respiratory inflammation, and immune or vascular functions. On the other hand, the involuntary smokers showed neither an increased level of DNA/chromosome damage on lymphocytes nor an increased number of micronuclei in buccal cells, when compared to non-exposed non-smokers. Noteworthy, lymphocytes challenge with EMS resulted in a significantly lower level of DNA breaks in ETS-exposed as compared to non-exposed workers (P<0.0001) suggestive of an adaptive response elicited by the previous exposure to low levels of ETS. Overall, changes in proteome may be promising early biomarkers of exposure to ETS. Likewise, alterations of the DNA repair competence observed upon ETS exposure deserves to be further understood. Work supported by Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, ACSS and FCT/Polyannual Funding Program.

Black economic empowerment in the South African agricultural sector : a case study of the wine industry

This paper explores the extent and forms of black economic empowerment (BEE) in the South African agricultural sector through a case study of the wine industry in the Western Cape. Compared to the mining and fisheries sectors, the progress of BEE in the agricultural sector is still in the early stage. However, various forms of black entry into the wine industry, not limited to BEE deals by large corporations, began to emerge, especially since the enactment of the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Act (BBBEE Act), Act 53 of 2003. This paper identifies two types of BEE wineries as unique forms of black entry into the wine industry and investigates in detail their features, backgrounds and challenges by referring to several prominent examples of each type of BEE winery.

Location of manufacturing plants by industry, county, and employment size: 1954. Based on a special tabulation of the 1954 census of manufacturers.

pt. 1. Food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures.--pt. 2. Textile mill products; apparel and related products; leather and leather goods.--pt. 3. Lumber and wood products; furniture and fixtures.--pt. 4. Pulp, paper, and products; printing and publishing.--pt. 5. Chemical and products: petroleum and coal products; rubber products.--pt. 6. Stone, clay, and glass products; miscellaneous manufactures.--pt. 7. Primary metal industries; fabricated metal products.--pt. 8. Machinery, except electrical; electrical machinery.--pt. 9. Transportation equipment; instruments and related products.

The determination of nicotin in nicotin solutions and tobacco extracts /

Includes bibliographical references.

Industry wage study. Appendix A-W. Job descriptions for wage studies.

A. Metalworking.--B. Mining.--C. Apparel.--D. Electric light and power and warehousing and storage.--E. Structural clay products.--F. Services.--G. Retail trade.--H. Footwear.--I. Bakeries.--J. Tobacco.--K. Paper and allied products.--L. Textiles.--M. Chemicals.--N. Furniture.--O. Candy and chocolates.--P. Leather tanning, currying and finishing.--Q. Meat products.--R. Gas utilities.--S. Wholesale drugs.--T. Glassware.--U. Mechanical rubber goods.--V. Copper alloying, rolling and drawing.--W. Lumber.

Participation of portuguese manufacturing industry in global value chains

Portugal’s manufacturing sector has a significant importance both in national income and employment. As has been pointed out by several researchers, the traditional methods of analysis fail to grasp all the dimensions of economic competitiveness. This dissertation is then, at its core, an analysis of Portugal’s manufacturing industry in terms of the latter’s value added to production and impact to employment under the framework of global value chains. The current dissertation seeks to study in which way the Portuguese manufacturing industry, and its respective sectors, has a direct and indirect impact on the creation of value added and employment and how this impact can be measured. For development of this work the input-output approach for calculation of multipliers and the new framework proposed by Timmer et al. (2013) for calculation of GVC income and GVC jobs indicators were used, elaborated on the basis of the WIOD project dataset. Moreover, to illustrate the application of the provided methodology the Portuguese textile industry was used as an example. It was found that the changes in final demand of such sectors as Pulp, Paper, Printing and Publishing; Machinery, Nec and Textiles and Textile Products would have a larger impact on generated value added than other manufacturing sectors. At the same time, employment created by the changes in final demand would be more impacted by such sectors as Food, Beverages and Tobacco; Wood and Products of Wood and Cork and Textiles and Textile Products. In this regard, the number of low-skilled workers in Portugal seems to be more effected by changes in final demand, than those occupied by higher -skilled individuals. Moreover, it was found that the distribution of GVC income and GVC jobs for the Portuguese manufacturing industry shares a similar outlook. However, upon closer inspection of GVC labour distribution by skill levels there seems to exist a general progression in which low-skilled jobs requirements are met by local resources, while the need for higher skilled jobs require a greater “off-shoring” of work The results obtained through calculations of presented multipliers provide a powerful tool for policy makers in strategic planning of development of national economy. Using the provided methodology and obtained results, a government and supranational organizations could define which industry would have the greatest impact for an additional unit of output generated through the economy, and thus define the sectors for further investments.