Comparing the factorial structure, invariance, and predictive validity of transtheoretical model constructs for alcohol use across restricted and unrestricted settings

With substance abuse treatment expanding in prisons and jails, understanding how behavior change interacts with a restricted setting becomes more essential. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) has been used to understand intentional behavior change in unrestricted settings, however, evidence indicates restrictive settings can affect the measurement and structure of the TTM constructs. The present study examined data from problem drinkers at baseline and end-of-treatment from three studies: (1) Project CARE (n = 187) recruited inmates from a large county jail; (2) Project Check-In (n = 116) recruited inmates from a state prison; (3) Project MATCH, a large multi-site alcohol study had two recruitment arms, aftercare (n = 724 pre-treatment and 650 post-treatment) and outpatient (n = 912 pre-treatment and 844 post-treatment). The analyses were conducted using cross-sectional data to test for non-invariance of measures of the TTM constructs: readiness, confidence, temptation, and processes of change (Structural Equation Modeling, SEM) across restricted and unrestricted settings. Two restricted (jail and aftercare) and one unrestricted group (outpatient) entering treatment and one restricted (prison) and two unrestricted groups (aftercare and outpatient) at end-of-treatment were contrasted. In addition TTM end-of-treatment profiles were tested as predictors of 12 month drinking outcomes (Profile Analysis). Although SEM did not indicate structural differences in the overall TTM construct model across setting types, there were factor structure differences on the confidence and temptation constructs at pre-treatment and in the factor structure of the behavioral processes at the end-of-treatment. For pre-treatment temptation and confidence, differences were found in the social situations factor loadings and in the variance for the confidence and temptation latent factors. For the end-of-treatment behavioral processes, differences across the restricted and unrestricted settings were identified in the counter-conditioning and stimulus control factor loadings. The TTM end-of-treatment profiles were not predictive of drinking outcomes in the prison sample. Both pre and post-treatment differences in structure across setting types involved constructs operationalized with behaviors that are limited for those in restricted settings. These studies suggest the TTM is a viable model for explicating addictive behavior change in restricted settings but calls for modification of subscale items that refer to specific behaviors and caution in interpreting the mean differences across setting types for problem drinkers. ^

Gregorio Weinberg : el hombre que se hizo libro

Sucinta semblanza y temprana valoración de la vida y la obra de Gregorio Weinberg sobre su quehacer ligado a un vasto proyecto cultural para sentar las bases de un nuevo humanismo incluyente, que tiene en el libro su símbolo más alto. En una primera aproximación se lo descubre siempre preocupado por repensar y corregir la tentación esencialista, a histórica y excluyente en que puede incurrir el quehacer filosófico. Su labor consistió en una vida al servicio de la reflexión crítica, la educación y la edición. Vio en libros, editoriales y bibliotecas, auténticas empresas culturales de largo alcance y radical incidencia en el avance de una sociedad.

Modelos y prácticas de ciudadanía en Uruguay (1890-1930) : La matriz uruguayo-batllista

La tesis refiere ya en su título, "Modelos y prácticas de la ciudadanía en Uruguay. (1890-1930) La matriz 'uruguayo-batllista'", una firme prioridad temática y un principio de interpretación histórica. Como se advierte a lo largo de todas las Secciones de la tesis, el foco temático orientado al estudio del tema de la ciudadanía es proyectado, en forma totalmente conciente y deliberada, de una manera amplia y flexible. De ello da cuenta en forma extensa la Sección I, dedicada a la fundamentación de los aspectos más teórico-metodológicos y a la anticipación de algunas hipótesis generales y modalidades de abordaje. En lo que refiere al principio de interpretación que ya se asienta en el propio título de la tesis, la referencia a una "matriz uruguayo-batllista" se vincula al señalamiento del triunfo ideológico de todo un concepto de ciudadanía, que se asociaría muy fuertemente con la idea de nación prevaleciente entre los uruguayos de la época y que desde allí alcanzaría una influencia perdurable sobre el futuro de la historia del país. Sin pecar de "batllicentrismo", tentación recurrente en la historiografía uruguaya, en la tesis se advierte el rol principal que en esa construcción de ciudadanía le correspondió al primer batllismo, aunque dentro de un complejo contexto de contestaciones, conflictos, transferencias y negociaciones de muy diversa índole, sin lo cual ese protagonismo registrado no puede entenderse debidamente. Tres son los andariveles analíticos a través de los cuales se trabaja, con la interpelación de múltiples preguntas y el cotejo de una documentación plural de amplio espectro. Ellas son por su orden de presentación: i) la dimensión político-institucional de la ciudadanía; ii) las relaciones entre religión y política; iii) los pleitos por la moral. Como se ha señalado en el proyecto originario de la tesis, el marco cronológico de la investigación abarca el período 1890-1930, con especial énfasis en ese momento decisivo que va entre el 900, las celebraciones del Centenario y la quiebra institucional promovida por el Presidente de Terra en marzo de 1933. En la Sección V, luego de dos capítulos orientados a incorporar algunas visiones sugerentes y coloridas sobre aquel Uruguay de comienzos del siglo XX, a modo de telón de fondo argumentativo, se pasa finalmente a realizar una recapitulación general, que recoge las principales hipótesis, interpretaciones y reflexiones a las que se llega en la investigación, con unos tramos finales dedicados al análisis de ciertos rasgos específicos del primer batllismo que fundarían su influencia persistente en la historia uruguaya posterior. Finalmente, la Sección VI, recoge los anexos correspondientes a la Bibliografía general utilizada y a la reseña breve de las fuentes y documentación relevadas en el marco de la investigación. Como allí se advierte, por razones de espacio, en ambos anexos no se registra la totalidad de la bibliografía y de la documentación utilizadas, las que aparecen referidas con todo detalle en las citas correspondientes.

Modelos y prácticas de ciudadanía en Uruguay (1890-1930) : La matriz uruguayo-batllista

La tesis refiere ya en su título, "Modelos y prácticas de la ciudadanía en Uruguay. (1890-1930) La matriz 'uruguayo-batllista'", una firme prioridad temática y un principio de interpretación histórica. Como se advierte a lo largo de todas las Secciones de la tesis, el foco temático orientado al estudio del tema de la ciudadanía es proyectado, en forma totalmente conciente y deliberada, de una manera amplia y flexible. De ello da cuenta en forma extensa la Sección I, dedicada a la fundamentación de los aspectos más teórico-metodológicos y a la anticipación de algunas hipótesis generales y modalidades de abordaje. En lo que refiere al principio de interpretación que ya se asienta en el propio título de la tesis, la referencia a una "matriz uruguayo-batllista" se vincula al señalamiento del triunfo ideológico de todo un concepto de ciudadanía, que se asociaría muy fuertemente con la idea de nación prevaleciente entre los uruguayos de la época y que desde allí alcanzaría una influencia perdurable sobre el futuro de la historia del país. Sin pecar de "batllicentrismo", tentación recurrente en la historiografía uruguaya, en la tesis se advierte el rol principal que en esa construcción de ciudadanía le correspondió al primer batllismo, aunque dentro de un complejo contexto de contestaciones, conflictos, transferencias y negociaciones de muy diversa índole, sin lo cual ese protagonismo registrado no puede entenderse debidamente. Tres son los andariveles analíticos a través de los cuales se trabaja, con la interpelación de múltiples preguntas y el cotejo de una documentación plural de amplio espectro. Ellas son por su orden de presentación: i) la dimensión político-institucional de la ciudadanía; ii) las relaciones entre religión y política; iii) los pleitos por la moral. Como se ha señalado en el proyecto originario de la tesis, el marco cronológico de la investigación abarca el período 1890-1930, con especial énfasis en ese momento decisivo que va entre el 900, las celebraciones del Centenario y la quiebra institucional promovida por el Presidente de Terra en marzo de 1933. En la Sección V, luego de dos capítulos orientados a incorporar algunas visiones sugerentes y coloridas sobre aquel Uruguay de comienzos del siglo XX, a modo de telón de fondo argumentativo, se pasa finalmente a realizar una recapitulación general, que recoge las principales hipótesis, interpretaciones y reflexiones a las que se llega en la investigación, con unos tramos finales dedicados al análisis de ciertos rasgos específicos del primer batllismo que fundarían su influencia persistente en la historia uruguaya posterior. Finalmente, la Sección VI, recoge los anexos correspondientes a la Bibliografía general utilizada y a la reseña breve de las fuentes y documentación relevadas en el marco de la investigación. Como allí se advierte, por razones de espacio, en ambos anexos no se registra la totalidad de la bibliografía y de la documentación utilizadas, las que aparecen referidas con todo detalle en las citas correspondientes.

Fracking/Takings

As the use of fracking has spread during the recent oil and gas boom, inevitable conflicts have arisen between industry and its neighbors, particularly as fracking has moved into densely populated urban and suburban areas. Concerned over the impacts of fracking – such as risks to health and safely, diminished property values, air and water pollution, as well as noise, traffic, and other annoyances – many people have demanded a government response. Government regulation of fracking has struggled to catch up, although in recent years many state and local governments have taken steps to reduce the impacts of fracking in their communities. This article focuses on government restrictions in New York and Colorado, two of the key battlegrounds in the fight over fracking. New York recently prohibited fracking across the entire state, after several towns had enacted their own bans. In Colorado, the people have used the ballot initiative process to enact restrictions on fracking directly. The industry has responded not only with public relations spending to improve the fracking’s damaged reputation, but also legal challenges to these efforts to rein in oil and gas development. In addition to suing local governments, often arguing they do not have authority to regulate fracking, industry threatens to bring costly takings claims for compensation due to alleged economic harms. This Article examines the numerous legal and factual issues that should make it difficult for industry to succeed on fracking/takings claims. First, regulation of fracking, even including outright bans, can almost always be defended as necessary to prevent a nuisance or other background principle of law that justifies government regulation. Even if a nuisance defense could be overcome, industry would have difficulty proving that regulation has destroyed all economic value in their property, unless courts take a narrow view of property that would highlight the arbitrary nature of the “denominator problem.” When fracking/takings claims are considered under the default balancing of the Penn Central case, takings are unlikely to be found except in rare outlier cases. Finally, because requiring governments to pay compensation in fracking/takings cases would likely create a windfall for industry, particularly if the oil and gas eventually is extracted in the future, courts should resist the temptation to rule against government restrictions to protect public health, safety, and the environment.

Letter from Daniel Upton to James Savage, 1799 September 29

Daniel Upton wrote this letter from Machias, Maine on September 29, 1799; it is addressed to James Savage, who was then a freshman at Harvard College. In the letter, Upton advises Savage to study ardently, avoiding the temptation to procrastinate. He thanks Savage for having sent him a copy of "Mr. Lowell's oration" and sends greetings to a Mr. Holbrook and Mr. Jones. He also passes along the fond wishes of those in Machias who know Savage, including John Cooper and his wife, Phineas Bruce and his wife, and Hannah Bruce (Upton's future wife). Upton explains that he is writing the letter in a hurry because he is sending it on board with Captain Merryman, who is about to set sail, presumably for Boston.

Taking stock after the Warsaw COP. CEPS Commentary, 4 December 2013

Drawing on his direct participation in the latest round of climate talks in Warsaw, Andrei Marcu looks at the results of the 19th COP through the lens of three basic questions, with a view to understanding how much progress was made and where we stand two years ahead of Paris. Are the targets adequate and how do we reach environmentally adequate targets? Can one understand and compare what other Parties are promising to do to ensure that the level of effort is comparable and equitable, and that companies are not asked to do more than their competitors in other jurisdictions? Is there comparability and equity in the eyes of the beholder? Do we understand what tools each country uses (what is available, what one gets as support) to ensure that no one country (and its companies) gets an easier ride or competitive advantage in meeting the commitment/promises that countries make. The author asserts that these questions need to be answered if an agreement is to be reached in 2015. And if they are not, he warns of mistrust, fear of carbon leakage and the temptation to resort to protectionist measures to compensate for competitive disadvantage.

Searching for harm or harming search? A look at the European Commission’s antitrust investigation against Google. CEPS Special Report No. 118/September 2015

As the European Commission’s antitrust investigation against Google approaches its final stages, its contours and likely outcome remain obscure and blurred by a plethora of nonantitrust-related arguments. At the same time, the initial focus on search neutrality as an antitrust principle seems to have been abandoned by the European Commission, in favour of a more standard allegation of ‘exclusionary abuse’, likely to generate anticompetitive foreclosure of Google’s rivals. This paper discusses search neutrality as an antitrust principle, and then comments on the current investigation based on publicly available information. The paper provides a critical assessment of the likely tests that will be used for the definition of the relevant product market, the criteria for the finding of dominance, the anticompetitive foreclosure test and the possible remedies that the European Commission might choose. Overall, and regardless of the outcome of the Google case, the paper argues that the current treatment of exclusionary abuses in Internet markets is in urgent need of a number of important clarifications, and has been in this condition for more than a decade. The hope is that the European Commission will resist the temptation to imbue the antitrust case with an emphasis and meaning that have nothing to do with antitrust (from industrial policy motives to privacy, copyright or media law arguments) and that, on the contrary, the Commission will devote its efforts to sharpening its understanding of dynamic competition in cyberspace, and the tools that should be applied in the analysis of these peculiar, fast-changing and often elusive settings.

The works of John Owen /

"Life of Dr. Owen, by Rev. A. Thomson": volume 1, pref. pages [21]-122.

The complete works of Gustave Flaubert : embracing romances, travels, comedies, sketches and correspondence /

"Of the Brunetiere edition of the Works of Gustave Flaubert 999 sets have been printed, this set being no. 401."

Disputatio theologica de tentatione in Paradiso Moses exponitur : recentioribus cogitatis et novissimae cuiusdam insaniae repugnatur /

Date of examination not specified.

The complete writings of Charles Reade.

"This copy is number 93 of the Author's Illustrated Library Edition of the Complete Writings of Charles Reade newly collected and to be done in seventeen volumes which will include a collection of Readiana. Only one thousand copies will be printed."

Indian idylls, from the Sanskrit of the Mahābhārata,

First edition, London, 1883.

The four men and other chapters.

The four man.--Temptation.--Conscience.--The religion for to-day.--Christ and the wants of humanity.--Public spirit.--The evidences of religion.--Youth and age.

The works of Charles Reade.

v. 1-2. The cloister and the hearth.--v. 3. Foul play.--v. 4. Griffith Gaunt.--v. 5-6. Hard cash.--v. 7. It is never too late to mend.--v. 8. It is never too late to mend. The wandering heir.--v. 9. Love me little, love me long.--v. 10. Put yourself in his place.--v. ll. Put yourself in his place. White lies.--v. l2. A terrible temptation.--v. l3. A woman hater.