NORMAS DRIS E NÍVEIS CRÍTICOS DE NUTRIENTES PARA VIDEIRA ‘NIAGARA ROSADA’ CULTIVADA NA REGIÃO DE JUNDIAÍ-SP

RESUMOSão apresentadas normas DRIS preliminares e derivados níveis críticos de nutrientes no tecido foliar (NC) para a videira ‘NiagaraRosada’ enxertada sobre o porta-enxerto ‘IAC 766’, nas condições de cultivo da região de Jundiaí-SP. As normas DRIS e os NCs foram obtidos a partir de um banco de dados com 116 registros, relacionando produtividade e teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg das videiras. Esses registros foram obtidos em experimentos de adubação e em um levantamento do estado nutricional de videiras realizados na região de Jundiaí, durante quatro ciclos de produção. Os registros foram separados em duas subpopulações: alto (>26 t/ha), e baixo rendimento (<26 t/ha) e as normas DRIS foram calculadas de acordo com os procedimentos convencionais. Mesmo com a diversidade nas condições de cultivo, a relação entre o índice de balanço nutricional e a produtividade das plantas foi altamente significativa (R2=0,48; p<0,0001), indicando que parte da variação na produtividade dos vinhedos pode ser creditada ao estado nutricional das plantas. Os NCs foram obtidos a partir de regressões múltiplas, relacionando teores foliares de cada nutriente com todos os índices DRIS. Os NCs para teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg foram 38,0; 3,0; 11,4; 13,7 e 3,5 g kg-1, respectivamente.

Spatial variability of leaf wetness duration in a 'Niagara Rosada' vineyard

Despite considerable efforts to develop accurate electronic sensors to measure leaf wetness duration (LWD), little attention has been given to studies about how is LWD variability in different positions of the crop canopy. In order to evaluate the influence of 'Niagara Rosada' (Vitis labrusca) grapevine structure on the spatial variability of LWD, the objective of this study was to determine the canopy position of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grape with longer LWD and its correlation with measured standard LWD over turfgrass. LWD was measured in four different canopy positions of the vineyard (sensors deployed at 45º with the horizontal): at the top of the plants, with sensors facing southwest and northeast (Top-SW and Top-NE), and at the grape bunches height, with sensors facing southwest and northeast (Bottom-SW and Bottom-NE). No significant difference was observed between the top (1.6 m) and the bottom (1.0 m) of the canopy and also between the southwest and northeast face of the plants. The relationship between standard LWD over turfgrass and crop LWD in different positions of the grape canopy showed a define correlation, with R² ranging from 0.86 to 0.89 for all period, from 0.72 to 0.77 for days without rain, and from 0.89 to 0.91 for days with rain.

Mechanical behavior of 'Niagara Rosada' grape berry detachment

The 'Niagara Rosada' grape is the main Brazilian table grape belonging to the Labrusca family. It develops medium, cylindrical and compact bunches with berries presenting a pinkish skin and a foxy flavor that is valued in the Brazilian market. These berries are tender and have a pedicel-berry connection provided by the vascular bundles and surrounding skin. This cultivar is very susceptible to berry drop mainly caused by vibration and senescence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal mechanical behavior of the pedicel-berry detachment, using resistance indexes extracted from traction force-deformation curves. Test results showed two different detachment types. In the first one, which exhibited higher average resistance, a considerable portion of the vascular bundle came out attached to the pedicel and in the second type; the vascular bundle was retained inside the berry. The proposed indexes based on maximum detachment force, force at 0.2; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.2 mm, and maximum force to corresponding deformation ratio did not discriminate the senescence of the berry.

Adaptation of "Niagara Rosada" grape must to winemaking by partial cluster dehydration

This study aimed to verify the influence of partial dehydration of "Niagara Rosada" grape clusters in physicochemical quality of the pre- fermentation must. In Brazil, during the winemaking process it is common to need to adjust the grape must when the physicochemical characteristics of the raw material are insufficient to produce wines in accordance with the Brazilian legislation for classification of beverages, which establishes the minimum alcohol content of 8.6 % for the beverage to be considered wine. Therefore, given that the reduction in the water content of grape berries allows the concentration of chemical compounds present in its composition, especially the concentration of total soluble solids, we proceeded with the treatments that were formed by the combination of two temperatures (T1-37.1ºC and T2-22.9 ºC) two air speeds (S1: 1.79 m s-1 and S2: 3.21 m s-1) and a control (T0) that has not gone through the dehydration treatment. Analysis of pH, Total Titratable Acidity (TTA) were performed in mEq L-1, Total Soluble Solids (TSS) in ºBrix, water content on a dry basis and Concentration of Phenolic Compounds (CPC) in mg of gallic acid per 100g of must. The average comparison test identified statistically significant modifications for the adaptation of must for winemaking purposes, having the treatment with 22.9 ºC and air speed of 1.79 m s-1 shown the largest increase in the concentration of total soluble solids, followed by the second best result for concentration of phenolic compounds.

Mexico ; New York ; Fall of Niagara ; Quebec

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