Adição de geomanta e tecido não tecido de polipropileno em cimentos geopoliméricos de pega rápida

Geopolymers are cementing materials that depict a number of advantages compared to Portland cement. Contrary to the latter, geopolymers are synthesized at room temperature, thus significantly reducing the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere. Moreover, the composition and synthesis reactions can be tailored to adjust the setting time of the material as well as its compressive mechanical strength. It is then possible to produce geopolymeric cements with short setting times and high compressive strength, although relatively brittle. The objective of the present study was to produce and characterize composite materials by reinforcing fastsetting geopolymeric matrixes with polypropylene geosynthetics (geomats and geotextiles) in an attempt to improve the toughness and tensile strength of the cementing material. Geosynthetics have been increasingly used to reinforce engineering structures, providing higher strength and better toughness. In particular, polypropylene nonwoven and geomats depict other attractive properties such as low density, durability, impact absorption and resistance to abrasion. Fast-setting geopolymers were then synthesized and reinforced with polypropylene nonwoven and geomats. The mechanical strength of the materials, reinforced or not, was characterized. The results showed that relatively short setting times and adequate flowing behavior were achieved by adjusting the composition of the geopolymer. In addition, it is possible to improve the fracture resistance of geopolymeric cements by adding polypropylene geosynthetics. The best results were achieved by reinforcing geopolymer with polypropylene TNT

An assessment approach for application of spermatic data in phylogenetic analyses: Within the genus Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes: Characidae)

Spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure from 21 species of Moenkhausia and others related genera are described. To evaluate the phylogenetic signals, 18 unordered characters were utilized in implied weighting analysis through the program TNT 1.1. Four variations of spermiogenesis were found. In the earliest spermatids, the nucleus can be positioned lateral, eccentric, strongly eccentric or nearly medial in relation to the distal centriole. The nuclear rotation can be present or absent. These spermiogenesis processes are related or intermediate to Type I and Type III. Taking into account the degrees of nuclear rotation during the spermiogenesis and other characteristics, distinct forms of spermatozoa are observed among the species analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis yielded a single most parsimonious tree with fit value 2.70000 and the topology obtained founds Moenkhausia as non-monophyletic. However, some hypothesis of relationships previously proposed viz the clade 20, which contains the type species Moenkhausia xinguensis, is recovered herein. This clade is supported by five synapomorphies, and it allows the supposition that these species constitute a monophyletic group. The whole topology is presented and discussed. © 2012 The Authors. Acta Zoologica © 2012 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Antinociceptive and Behavioral Effects of Methadone Alone or in Combination with Detomidine in Conscious Horses

The antinociceptive and behavioral effects of methadone (MET) alone or combined with detomidine (DET) were studied in horses. Intravenous treatments were randomly administered in a two-phase crossover study. In phase 1, six horses were treated with saline (control) or 0.2 or 0.5 mg/kg methadone (MET0.2; MET0.5, respectively). In phase 2, six horses were treated with 0.01 mg/kg DET alone or with DET combined with 0.2 mg/kg MET (DET/MET0.2). Thermal nociceptive threshold (TNT) and electrical nociceptive thresholds (ENT) were recorded by using a heat projection lamp and electrodes placed in the coronary band of the thoracic limbs, respectively. Spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) was studied by movement sensors in the stall (phase 1). Chin-to-floor distance was assessed in phase 2. In phase 1, the TNT increased significantly for 30 minute after MET0.5 but not after saline or MET0.2. Hyperesthesia and ataxia were observed in 2 of 6 and 6 of 6 horses after MET0.2 and MET0.5, respectively. SLA increased significantly for 120 minutes after MET in a dose-dependent way, but not after placebo. In phase 2, DET and DET/MET0.2 significantly increased the TNT and ENT above baseline for 15 and 30 minutes, respectively; thresholds were significantly higher with DET/MET0.2 than with DET at the same times. Chin-to-floor distance decreased significantly from baseline for 30 minutes, and no excitatory behavior was observed in both treatments. Although the higher dose of MET induced short-acting antinociception, the associated adverse effects may contraindicate its clinical use. The lower dose of MET potentiated DET-induced antinociception without adverse effects, which might be useful under clinical circumstances. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Análise filogenética de Polybia lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência do tipo de ensacamento no controle de pragas do pessegueiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos antinociceptivos, cardiorrespiratórios e gastrointestinais da detomidina associada ou não à metadona em equinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Filogenia das espécies de Deuterodon Eigenmann, 1907 (Characiformes: Characidae), um gênero de lambaris da Mata Atlântica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética de Aplastodiscus (Anura; Hylidae)

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

Effect of resin composites with sodium trimetaphosphate with or without fluoride on hardness, ion release and enamel demineralization

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the addition of sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) with or without fluoride on enamel demineralization, and the hardness and release of fluoride and TMP of resin composites. Methods: Bovine enamel slabs (4x3x3 mm) were prepared and selected based on initial surface hardness (n= 96). Eight experimental resin composites were formulated, according to the combination of TMP and sodium fluoride (NaF): TMP/NaF-free (control), 1.6% sodium fluoride (NaF), and 1.5%, 14.1% and 36.8% TMP with and without 1.6% NaF. Resin composite specimens (n= 24) were attached to the enamel slabs with wax and the sets were subjected to pH cycling. Next, surface and cross-sectional hardness and fluoride content of enamel as well as fluoride and TNT release and hardness of the materials were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA (P< 0.05). Results: The presence of fluoride in enamel was similar in fluoridated resin composites (P> 0.05), but higher than in the other materials (P< 0.05). The combination of 14.1% TMP and fluoride resulted in less demineralization, especially on lesion surface (P< 0.05). The presence of TMP increased fluoride release from the materials and reduced their hardness.

The Usefulness of the Sting Apparatus in Phylogenetic Reconstructions in Vespids, with Emphasis on the Epiponini: More Support for the Single Origin of Eusociality in the Vespidae

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Erosive potencial of energy drinks on the dentine surface

Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)

Sistema nervoso central de Hypoptopomatinae e Neoplecostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae): implicações filogenéticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Freshwater Organisms Used in Toxicity Tests of Wastewater from Explosives Company

Explosives industries are a source of toxic discharge. The aim of this study was to compare organisms sensitivity (Daphnia similis, Danio rerio, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida) in detecting acute toxicity in wastewater from two explosives, 2,4,6-TNT (TNT) and nitrocellulose. The samples were collected from an explosives company in the Paraiba Valley, So Paulo, Brazil. The effluents from TNT and nitrocellulose production were very toxic for tested organisms. Statistical tests indicated that D. similis and D. rerio were the most sensitive organisms for toxicity detection in effluents from 2,4,6-TNT and nitrocellulose production. The P. putida bacteria was the organism considered the least sensitive in indicating toxicity in effluents from nitrocellulose.

Polyphenylendendrimere zur Gefahrstoffdetektion

Zusammenfassung: rnrn Die vorliegende Arbeit mit dem Thema „Polyphenylendendrimere zur Gefahrstoffdetektion“ ist hauptsächlich synthetisch orientiert und behandelt vor allem den Aufbau neuartiger innenfunktionalisierter Polyphenylendendrimer-Systeme durch die systematische Anwendung wiederholter Diels-Alder- bzw. Desilylierungs-Reaktionen. Diskutiert wird dabei die Synthese der dafür notwendigen Verzweigungsbausteine, die daraus hervorgehende Darstellung der verschiedenen Dendrimere sowie deren Charakterisierung. Als Referenz zu den monodispersen dendritischen Systemen werden parallel verschiedene hyperverzweigte Polymere mittels Diels-Alder-Reaktion bzw. Suzuki-Kupplung dargestellt und beide Makromolekül-Systeme im direkten Vergleich besprochen. Erstmals wird die Einbindung funktioneller Elemente, wie z.B. Triazol oder Pyren, synthetisch ermöglicht. Die dendritischen Systeme werden bis zur dritten Generation aufgebaut, im Fall des Ester-funktionalisierten Systems wird auch eine Darstellung der vierten Generation erreicht. Im Anschluss wird das supramolekulare Verhalten der erhaltenen dendritischen, wie auch polymeren Verbindungen mittels zweier unterschiedlicher Meßmethoden (QMB, ITC) gegenüber verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln und Gefahrstoffen untersucht. Dabei kann eine Diskrepanz im Einlagerungsverhalten der verschiedenen makromolekularen Strukturen gegenüber den verwendeten Gast-Molekülen beobachtet werden. Aufgrund der umfassenden systematischen Analyse aller getesteten Verbindungen wird ein tiefer greifendes Verständnis für die während des Einlagerungsprozesses verantwortlichen Wechselwirkungen aufgebaut. Dabei spielt die dreidimensionale Anordnung des dendritischen Gerüsts, resultierend aus der Polarität und dem sterischen Anspruch der eingebundenen funktionellen Gruppen eine entscheidende Rolle. Als Anwendungsbeispiel der dendritischen Strukturen wird die Verwendung eigens beschichteter Schwingquarze zur Detektion von Sprengstoffen, wie z. B. TATP, erläutert und eine daraus resultierende Steigerung der Sensibilität der Detektoren erklärt.rn

Analisi delle conseguenze degli scenari incidentali per gli stabilimenti che detengono esplosivi

La presente tesi si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare le principali metodologie per la stima delle conseguenze degli scenari incidentali propri degli stabilimenti che producono, operano o sono oggetto di stoccaggio di materiale esplosivo. Le sostanze esplosive sono utilizzate in innumerevoli attività civili, industriali e militari e considerando la loro intrinseca pericolosità, derivante dalla capacità di generare in uno spazio ridottissimo e in un tempo brevissimo una enorme quantità di energia, sono soggetti a tutta una serie di norme. Tali norme non solo classificano gli esplosivi ma ne regolamentano ogni utilizzo, dalla produzione, ai vari impieghi, allo stoccaggio fino allo smaltimento. Gli stabilimenti che detengono esplosivi possono essere classificati come a rischio di incidente rilevante e in quanto tali si trovano a dover sottostare alle varie direttive Seveso, da questo punto di vista si analizzano le caratteristiche a livello nazionale e regionale degli stabilimenti R.I.R. che operano con esplosivi. All’interno della tesi viene svolta un’analisi storica degli incidenti che hanno interessato gli stabilimenti che detengono esplosivi negli ultimi anni a livello mondiale, in modo tale da poter valutare quali eventi incidentali possano riguardare questa specifica classe di stabilimenti. Vengono poi presentati i principali approcci metodologici utilizzati per poter valutare le conseguenze degli scenari incidentali. Nello specifico vengono descritte le metodologie della normativa italiana T.U.L.P.S., del documento francese Sècuritè Pirotecnique, dell’Air Force Manual americano e alcuni metodi basati sull’equivalenza al TNT rintracciabili nella letteratura specifica. Le metodologie elencate precedentemente vengono poi applicate ad un caso di studio costituito da uno stabilimento fittizio caratterizzato da specifiche quantità di esplosivi suddivise in vari locali, localizzati in un ipotetico territorio. Dalla valutazione dei risultati ottenuti dall’applicazione dei vari approcci metodologici al caso studio è emerso un auspicabile proseguimento delle indagini relative alle metodologie relative alla quantificazione delle conseguenze degli scenari incidentali propri degli stabilimenti che detengono esplosivi con l’obiettivo di giungere ad una maggior standardizzazione dei metodi di calcolo che possa poi riflettersi anche in indicazioni uniformi a livello normativo.