Comparison of mechanical properties of tension and opposite wood in Populus

In this paper we focused on the differences of mechanical properties of tension and normal wood of 1-year-old poplar trees, artificially tilted. Elastic and fracture properties have been measured and linked to the anatomy. Tension wood is well known because it prevents good surface finishing and leads to difficulties with sawing. We studied three main mechanical properties: young modulus, energy of cutting and longitudinal residual strain of maturation (with strain gauges) because of their importance in wood technology. Moreover, this work takes place in a larger project of study, the phenomena of axes re-orientation in trees (allowing by the production of reaction wood), where these data are required for biomechanical modelling. The results show that tension wood has a higher young modulus, needs a higher energy to be cut and exhibited a higher level of longitudinal residual strain of maturation than those of normal wood. The results suggest that these differences require deeper analysis of the wood than anatomy: measurement of microfibril orientation in the S2 layer and also the lignin composition in monomeric units.

Avaliação da vida em fadiga de uniões parafusadas : estudo de caso

Parafusos utilizados para fixação de partes submetidos a carregamentos cíclicos, inerentemente estão sujeitos à falhas por fadiga. O presente trabalho está apoiado no estudo do conjunto carcaça/corrediça de um compressor fixado por parafusos prisioneiros - ISO M24x3. Os prisioneiros que fixam o flange da corrediça falham prematuramente por fadiga. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivos desenvolver uma metodologia para otimizar o desempenho em fadiga do conjunto parafusado. Numa primeira fase foram realizados ensaios em parafusos de mesmas dimensões, porém de classes e processos de fabricação diferentes, para poder-se avaliar o melhor processo de fabricação no desempenho em fadiga. Observou-se que o processo de laminação da rosca seguido de tratamento térmico é o mais adequado para o caso em estudo. Em uma etapa seguinte, instrumentaram-se os prisioneiros utilizando strain gauges com os componentes em condições de serviço, para avaliar a deformação dos parafusos desde a aplicação do torque de aperto durante a montagem e acionamento do compressor até a operação em sua carga máxima. Observou-se que, apesar dos parafusos estarem submetidos à cargas dentro do regime de segurança, apresentam dispersão da pré-carga e baixa protensão de aperto. Posteriormente, foram realizados outros ensaios em laboratório com dispositivos projetados especialmente para reconstruir o flange do compressor em estudo. O dispositivo procurou traçar as características dimensionais e materiais semelhantes do conjunto carcaça/corrediça. Tem-se como conclusão principal deste trabalho, que na configuração atual de união do flange com a carcaça, resulta num baixo índice de aperto que é verificado através das cargas máximas que são transferidas diretamente ao parafuso. Por fim, verificou-se que aumentando o comprimento do parafuso através da inserção de uma bucha extensora, aumenta a vida em fadiga dos componentes de união.

Evaporação cutânea e respiratória em ovinos sob altas temperaturas ambientes

Dez ovinos da raça Corriedale foram avaliados para as taxas de evaporação respiratória (E R) e cutânea (E C). Cada animal foi observado até 10 vezes, sob diferentes condições de temperatura (21,1 a 41,9ºC) e pressão parcial de vapor do ar (1,53 a 3,01 kPa), usando um método gravimétrico para determinar a perda de água. As médias totais foram 0,7599±0,0094 g.h-1.kg-1 para E R e 1,3029±0,0591 g.h-1.kg-1 para E C. A evaporação cutânea foi considerada como um fator importante de termólise para ovinos em ambientes quentes. São discutidos os efeitos do sexo, da espessura do velo e da temperatura e umidade do ar.

Effect of abutment's height and framework alloy on the load distribution of mandibular cantilevered implant-supported prosthesis

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of cantilever length and framework alloy on the stress distribution of mandibular-cantilevered implant-supported prostheses

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Biomechanics Studies in Dentistry: Bioengineering Applied in Oral Implantology

The application of engineering knowledge in dentistry has helped the understanding of biomechanics aspects related to osseointegrated implants. Several techniques have been used to evaluate the biomechanical load oil implants comprising the use of photoelastic stress analysis, finite element stress analysis, and strain-gauge analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this Study was to describe engineering methods used in dentistry to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of osseointegrated implants. Photoelasticity provides good qualitative information oil the overall location and concentration of stresses but produces limited quantitative information. The method serves as ail important tool for determining the critical stress points in a material and is often used for determining stress concentration factors in irregular geometries. The application of strain-gauge method oil dental implants is based oil the use of electrical resistance strain gauges and its associated equipment and provides both in vitro and vivo measurements strains under static and dynamic loads. However, strain-gauge method provides only the data regarding strain at the gauge. Finite element analysis can Simulate stress using a computer-created model to calculate stress, strain, and displacement. Such analysis has the advantage of allowing several conditions to be changed easily and allows measurement of stress distribution around implants at optional points that are difficult to examine clinically All the 3 methodologies call be useful to evaluate biomechanical implant behavior close to the clinical condition but the researcher should have enough knowledge in model fabrication (experimental delineation) and results analysis.

Esforcos hidraulicos dinamicos em turbomaquinas

A measurement device has been developed to measure force and torque components acting on the impeller of a model pump-turbine, which uses crystal quartz load transducers installed on the rotating shaft. These kinds of load transducers allow greater stiffness than arrangements using strain gauges. Therefore, the dynamics behavior of the measurement device has to be taken into account. Some results of measurements are present in the whole operating range of model pump-turbine.

A load cell for grain-propelled ballistic rocket thrust measurement

A 1000-kgf resistive strain-gauge load cell has been developed for quality testing of rocket propellant grain. A 7075-T6 aluminum alloy has been used for the elastic column, in which 8 uniaxial, 120-Ω strain gauges have been bonded and connected to form a full Wheatstone bridge to detect the strain. The chosen geometry makes the transducer insensitive to moments and, also, to the temperature. Experimental tests using a universal testing machine to imposed compression force to the load cell have demonstrated that its behavior is linear, with sensitivity of 2.90 μV/kgf ± 0.34%, and negligible hysteresis. The designed force transducer response to a dynamic test has been comparable to that of a commercial load cell. © 2005 IEEE.

In vitro evaluation of the precision of working casts for implant-supported restoration with multiple abutments

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of two working cast fabrication techniques using strain-gauge analysis. Methods: Two working cast fabrication methods were evaluated. Based on a master model, 20 working casts were fabricated by means of an indirect impression technique using polyether after splinting the square transfer copings with acrylic resin. Specimens were assigned to 2 groups (n=10): Group A (GA): type IV dental stone was poured around the abutment analogs in the conventional way; Group B (GB), the dental stone was poured in two stages. Spacers were used over the abutment analogs (rubber tubes) and type IV dental stone was poured around the abutment analogs in the conventional way. After the stone had hardened completely, the spacers were removed and more stone was inserted in the spaces created. Six strain-gauges (Excel Ltd.), positioned in a cast bar, which was dimensionally accurate (perfect fit) to the master model, recorded the microstrains generated by each specimen. Data were analyzed statistically by the variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α= 5%). Results: The microstrain values (με) were (mean±SD): GA: 263.7±109.07με, and GB: 193.73±78.83με. Conclusion: There was no statistical difference between the two methods studied.

Development of a prototype for measuring plantar forces

Studies on the distribution of plantar pressure between the sole of the foot and the ground were developed before the 19th century. Currently, the most often employed plantar pressure measurement systems are Pedar® and FScan®, which have restrictions such as operational difficulty and high cost. In the present study, a device was constructed from two pressure plates capable of measuring plantar forces in discreet areas of the feet at a low cost, using strain-gages attached to sixteen strategic points of the mechanical elements. Sixteen prismatic beams were soldered to each frame, for which the free extremity of each beam represented a specific point of the foot. Two strain gauges were attached to each beam - one near the upper fixed extremity and the other near the lower fixed extremity. Using a Wheatstone bridge electric circuit, the gauges were used to measure the force acting on the extremity of the beam. Precision and accuracy of the prototype was about 10%. In some measurements, accuracy was 2%. The low precision and accuracy were mainly due to the restrictions of the available equipment, which only permitted four measurements at a time. Thus, it was necessary for participants to stand on the plates four separate times, which signified possible changes in the position of the feet on the pressure plates. Despite some limitations, the aim was achieved. The prototype has been used in some studies and represents a contribution to biomechanics, demonstrating the viability of using strain gauges.

Eficiência de três cimentos de ionômero de vidro como dissipadores de cargas em bases de restaurações de resina composta: análise por meio da extensometria elétrica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ponte mista de madeira-concreto em vigas treliçadas de madeira

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um dispositivo mecânico para avaliação da rigidez de tornozelo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Analise de tensões através do método dos elementos finitos de um vaso de pressão projetado conforme código ASME

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise estrutural e de fadiga de juntas rebitadas de uso aeronaútico utilizando o método dos elementos finitos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)