O relações-públicas como gestor da Startup de uma agência de comunicação

This paper presents a new field for professional Public Relations: startups. And this new alignment brings context and typology with the business public relations as an entrepreneur and manager of a communications agency. This new type of business, startups, with accelerated growth characteristics and high-risk investments, and alternative becomes simultaneously an opportunity to undertake innovative projects up and turn into a business. In this sense, the work part of the mix of innovation and diffusion of new ideas, with the capacity of Public Relations professional to adapt and work with many different sectors. Considering this context, the study seeks, finds that public relations professionals become essential for mediating the process of scenario analysis for the deployment of startups, and can be very useful in the case of managers and initiators the agency itself as a startup company offering a strategic advantage by combining management and communication

Reputation, VC funding, and innovation: Evidence from the UK Micro and Nanotechnology sector

Startups’ contributions on economic growth have been widely realized. However, the funding gap is often a problem limiting startups’ development. To some extent, VC can be a means to solve this problem. VC is one of the optimal financial intermediaries for startups. Two streams of VC studies are focused in this dissertation: the criteria used by venture capitalists to evaluate startups and the effect of VC on innovation. First, although many criteria have been analyzed, the empirical assessment of the effect of startup reputation on VC funding has not been investigated. However, reputation is usually positively related with firm performance, which may affect VC funding. By analyzing reputation from the generalized visibility dimension and the generalized favorability dimension using a sample of 200 startups founded from 1995 operating in the UK MNT sector, we show that both the two dimensions of reputation have positive influence on the likelihood of receiving VC funding. We also find that management team heterogeneity positively influence the likelihood of receiving VC funding. Second, studies investigating the effect of venture capital on innovation have frequently resorted to patent data. However, innovation is a process leading from invention to successful commercialization, and while patents capture the upstream side of innovative performance, they poorly describe its downstream one. By reflecting the introduction of new products or services trademarks can complete the picture, but empirical studies on trademarking in startups are rare. Analyzing a sample of 192 startups founded from 1996 operating in the UK MNT sector, we find that VC funding has positive effect on the propensity to register trademarks, as well as on the number and breadth of trademarks.

Taking Root in the Silicon Forest: High-technology Firms as Surrogate Universities in Portland, Oregon

Most case studies of successful high-technology industry regions highlight the role of research universities in fostering regional economic development. The Portland, Oregon, region managed to root a thriving high-tech industry in the absence of this critical factor. In this article, I present a case study of the evolution of Portland's high-tech industry and propose that high-tech firms can act as surrogate universities that attract and develop labor, create knowledge, and function as incubators for startups. I conclude that planners working to develop high-tech industries in regions without major research universities should attract R&D-intensive firms, maintain information on key busineses and entrepreneurial ventures, support an innovation milieu, and set realistic goals.

A Divergent Path of Industrial Upgrading: Emergence and Evolution of the Mobile Handset Industry in China

Starting from almost null in the late 1990s, China's mobile phone handset industry has grown to account for more than 40 percent of the current world production. While export growth has been overwhelmingly led by multi-national corporations (MNCs), increasingly fierce competition in the domestic market ignited by the advent of local handset makers has induced unique industrial evolution: (1) outgrowth of independent design houses specialized in handset development and (2) emergence of IC fabless ventures that design core ICs for handsets. In the background of this evolutionary industrial growth there are factors such as, the scale and increasing diversity of China's domestic market that advantages local firms vis-a-vis MNCs; modularization of handset and semiconductor technologies; policy interventions that supports local startups. The emergence and evolution of China's handset industry is likely to have international implications as the growth of the global demand for low-cost and multi-function mobile phone handsets is expected to accelerate. Thus, our case suggests that the conventional view of latecomer industrialization and upgrading that emphasizes the key role of international production networks organized by MNCs needs to be modified in order to accommodate China's rise into perspective.

Análisis y valoración del grado de conocimiento en las redes sociales y páginas especializadas de las empresas emergentes y consolidadas

Hoy en día el exceso de información en Internet se puede convertir en una desventaja a la hora de buscar determinada información. El objetivo de la plataforma que presento es facilitar el acceso a esta información, en concreto, al grado de conocimiento de las empresas, sobre todo las startups o emergentes en Internet. Pensada para micro-inversores que quieres participar en un proyecto ilusionante y con futuro pueden utilizar la aplicación para conocer qué empresa tiene más probabilidades de triunfar por que ya lleva parte del camino andado y es conocida dentro de las redes sociales y páginas especializadas. Para conseguir ese conocimiento vamos a dar una calificación numérica al posicionamiento de esa empresa en las principales redes sociales, donde, mediante su API, obtenemos la información más relevante para posteriormente calificar con unos criterios a gusto del inversor, es decir, según la importancia que quiera darle a cada una. Además alimentaremos la aplicación con los artículos publicados en las páginas especializadas para que los usuarios puedan informarse de las últimas novedades del sector, puedan comentarlas e incluso añadir sus propios artículos. Programando nuestro propio Crawler o araña, visitaremos esas páginas de forma ordenada adquiriendo todos los links y descargando los artículos para guardarlos en nuestra aplicación. Aprovechándonos de esta funcionalidad vamos a pasar un buscador semántico para analizar todos esos artículos y medir si la empresa es nombrada y conocida en estas páginas especializadas. Dando un valor numérico a esas menciones y añadiéndolo a la puntuación antes mencionada. Como extra se añade el módulo de Ideas, destinado a esas ideas que se encuentran en la primera fase de desarrollo y que buscan inversión o ayuda de la comunidad para prosperar. Con la base en el gestor de contenidos DRUPAL que nos ayuda a dar facilidades a los usuarios por sus sencillas y completas interfaces gráficas, desarrollamos el proyecto en PHP con MySql

An Evening with Lisa Nicole Bell, Award-Winning Media Entrepreneur, Writer, Producer, and On Camera Talent

Lisa Bell is the founder and CEO of Inspired Life Media Group, a Los Angeles-based international content development and production company that works with a diverse cross-section of venture-backed startups, high profile individuals, and fortune 500 brands. Lisa, past content and business ventures are critically-acclaimed, diverse, and plentiful. She created, directed, and produced The American Dream Revised, a digital docuseries that follows a diverse group of young entrepreneurs. Lisa’s past business ventures include startups in technology, personal development, and original content.After launching her first company at 19 years old, she later started a for-profit social enterprise that reached more than 400,000 girls around the world with active programs in Liberia, England, Brazil, and the US.

Dynamic simulation of chemical plant

A CSSL- type modular FORTRAN package, called ACES, has been developed to assist in the simulation of the dynamic behaviour of chemical plant. ACES can be harnessed, for instance, to simulate the transients in startups or after a throughput change. ACES has benefited from two existing simulators. The structure was adapted from ICL SLAM and most plant models originate in DYFLO. The latter employs sequential modularisation which is not always applicable to chemical engineering problems. A novel device of twice- round execution enables ACES to achieve general simultaneous modularisation. During the FIRST ROUND, STATE-VARIABLES are retrieved from the integrator and local calculations performed. During the SECOND ROUND, fresh derivatives are estimated and stored for simultaneous integration. ACES further includes a version of DIFSUB, a variable-step integrator capable of handling stiff differential systems. ACES is highly formalised . It does not use pseudo steady- state approximations and excludes inconsistent and arbitrary features of DYFLO. Built- in debug traps make ACES robust. ACES shows generality, flexibility, versatility and portability, and is very convenient to use. It undertakes substantial housekeeping behind the scenes and thus minimises the detailed involvement of the user. ACES provides a working set of defaults for simulation to proceed as far as possible. Built- in interfaces allow for reactions and user supplied algorithms to be incorporated . New plant models can be easily appended. Boundary- value problems and optimisation may be tackled using the RERUN feature. ACES is file oriented; a STATE can be saved in a readable form and reactivated later. Thus piecewise simulation is possible. ACES has been illustrated and verified to a large extent using some literature-based examples. Actual plant tests are desirable however to complete the verification of the library. Interaction and graphics are recommended for future work.

The Life Cycle of Corporate Venture Capital

This paper establishes the life-cycle dynamics of Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) to explore the information acquisition role of CVC investment in the process of corporate innovation. I exploit an identification strategy that allows me to isolate exogenous shocks to a firm's ability to innovate. Using this strategy, I first find that the CVC life cycle typically begins following a period of deteriorated corporate innovation and increasingly valuable external information, lending support to the hypothesis that firms conduct CVC investment to acquire information and innovation knowledge from startups. Building on this analysis, I show that CVCs acquire information by investing in companies with similar technological focus but have a different knowledge base. Following CVC investment, parent firms internalize the newly acquired knowledge into internal R&D and external acquisition decisions. Human capital renewal, such as hiring inventors who can integrate new innovation knowledge, is integral in this step. The CVC life cycle lasts about four years, terminating as innovation in the parent firm rebounds. These findings shed new light on discussions about firm boundaries, managing innovation, and corporate information choices.

La ética hacker frente al capitalismo netárquíco: software libre y peer production en las iniciativas de Economía Colaborativa en Andalucía

En los últimos años el término Economía Colaborativa se ha popularizado sin que, hasta el momento, haya sido definido de manera inequívoca. Bajo esta denominación se engloban experiencias tan diversas como bancos de tiempo, huertos urbanos, startups o grandes plataformas digitales. La proliferación de este tipo de iniciativas puede relacionarse con una multiplicidad de factores tales como el desarrollo tecnológico, la recesión económica y otras crisis superpuestas (medioambiental, de cuidados, de valores, de lo político) y un cierto cambio en los valores sociales. Entre 2014-2015 se han realizado dos investigaciones en Andalucía de manera casi paralela y con una metodología similar. La primera de ellas pretendía identificar prácticas de Economía Colaborativa en el entorno universitario. La segunda investigación identificaba experiencias de emprendimiento a nivel autonómico. A luz de los resultados obtenidos se plantea la siguiente cuestión sobre la naturaleza misma de la Economía Colaborativa: ¿nos encontramos ante prácticas postcapitalistas que abren el camino a una sociedad más justa e igualitaria o, más bien, estamos ante una respuesta del capital para, una vez más, seguir extrayendo de manera privada el valor que se genera socialmente? Este artículo, partiendo del análisis del conjunto de iniciativas detentadas en Andalucía, se centra en aquellas basadas en el software libre y la producción digital concluyendo cómo, gracias a la incorporación de ciertos aspectos de la ética hacker y las lógicas del conocimiento abierto, éstas pueden situarse dentro de un escenario de fomento de los comunes globales frente a las lógicas imperantes del capitalismo netárquico. 

A parallel method for solving pentadiagonal systems of linear equations

A new parallel approach for solving a pentadiagonal linear system is presented. The parallel partition method for this system and the TW parallel partition method on a chain of P processors are introduced and discussed. The result of this algorithm is a reduced pentadiagonal linear system of order P \Gamma 2 compared with a system of order 2P \Gamma 2 for the parallel partition method. More importantly the new method involves only half the number of communications startups than the parallel partition method (and other standard parallel methods) and hence is a far more efficient parallel algorithm.

O empreendedorismo e a inovação como fatores de sucesso nas pequenas e médias empresas

Mestrado em Gestão e Empreendedorismo

Research study for an entrepreneurship practical guide

This thesis is a research study, which is aimed to be published later, in the form of a practical guide for those who have an idea and plan to go one step forward on the creation of a brand and/or a business. The main questions addressed are regarding the main concerns of an entrepreneur, identifiying the main topics that an entrepreneur's practical guide must approach. This work aims to provide relevant and important insights for those who want to start a business, taking in consideration some best practices, advises from entrepreneurs that have already started their own businesses and shared their experience. It means to provide a strong contribution to the Portuguese ecosystem, more specifically, startups, small companies, projects or ideas at seed or startup stage, brands, clubs, and every initiative which is starting from nothing, or almost nothing. Apart from books and online researches, primary information and testimonials were collected through an online survey, from a target audience of entrepreneurs, leading to the main findings of this study. The conclusion of this thesis is the gross index of the future startuper's practical guide, which will be divided in 4 different stages: Preparation, Implementation, Leverage and Closure.

The Promise of Access: Hope and Inequality in the Information Economy

In 2013, a series of posters began appearing in Washington, DC’s Metro system. Each declared “The internet: Your future depends on it” next to a photo of a middle-aged black Washingtonian, and an advertisement for the municipal government’s digital training resources. This hopeful discourse is familiar but where exactly does it come from? And how are our public institutions reorganized to approach the problem of poverty as a problem of technology? The Clinton administration’s ‘digital divide’ policy program popularized this hopeful discourse about personal computing powering social mobility, positioned internet startups as the ‘right’ side of the divide, and charged institutions of social reproduction such as schools and libraries with closing the gap and upgrading themselves in the image of internet startups. After introducing the development regime that builds this idea into the urban landscape through what I call the ‘political economy of hope’, and tracing the origin of the digital divide frame, this dissertation draws on three years of comparative ethnographic fieldwork in startups, schools, and libraries to explore how this hope is reproduced in daily life, becoming the common sense that drives our understanding of and interaction with economic inequality and reproduces that inequality in turn. I show that the hope in personal computing to power social mobility becomes a method of securing legitimacy and resources for both white émigré technologists and institutions of social reproduction struggling to understand and manage the persistent poverty of the information economy. I track the movement of this common sense between institutions, showing how the political economy of hope transforms them as part of a larger development project. This dissertation models a new, relational direction for digital divide research that grounds the politics of economic inequality with an empirical focus on technologies of poverty management. It demands a conceptual shift that sees the digital divide not as a bug within the information economy, but a feature of it.

Banca Digital

Em plena quarta revolução industrial, todas as industrias se estão a transformar para se ajustar aos novos paradigmas de relação com os clientes, altamente influenciados pelos pioneiros digitais como a Uber, Netflix ou Amazon, porém no setor financeiro há desafios acrescidos, pois os clientes esperam juntar essas expectativas digitais com a manutenção da iteração humana, enquanto, do lados bancos, em simultâneo, necessitam de recuperar da crise da dívida soberana que impôs necessidades de ajustamento dos balanços. O momento de desenvolvimento tecnológico potenciado pelo forte crescimento do acesso à internet em mobilidade traz novos hábitos e expectativas na relação com as entidades, com dispositivos cada vez mais potentes a cada vez menor custo, o que criou a oportunidade perfeita para o surgimento de startups tecnológicas dispostas a transformar os modelos de negócio de intermediação clássica, dando origem, no setor financeiro, às fintechs – empresas de base tecnológica dedicadas à prestação de serviços financeiros - impondo uma disrupção na industria financeira, com destaque para mercados como os EUA e Reino Unido. Olhando aos últimos cinco anos do setor financeiro, será muito difícil antecipar como estará o setor financeiro dentro de cinco anos, mas sabemos que estará seguramente muito diferente do que conhecemos hoje, por esse fato este trabalho é assente essencialmente em referências bibliográficas dos últimos 5 anos, tendo sido feito utilizados estudos de investigação de empresas e documentos académicos para a caracterização do setor neste contexto de inovação permanente e em que medida este processo de “digitalização” do setor financeiro influencia a propensão dos clientes na contratação de mais produtos e serviços, sendo esse um fator central para os bancos em Portugal recuperarem economicamente. É também analisada a dimensão seguida pelas instituições de regulação e supervisão do setor financeiro com vista a potenciar a concorrência e inovação do setor financeiro, enquanto mantém a garantia de segurança, confiança e controlo de risco sistémico. É bastante escassa a literatura disponível para caracterizar a banca em Portugal numa ótica de inovação e transformação, porém este trabalho procura caracterizar o sistema financeiro português face à forma como está a responder aos desafios de transformação tecnológica e digital. Procurou-se estabelecer uma metodologia de investigação que permita caracterizar a perceção de valor acrescentado para os clientes da utilização de serviços digitais e em que medida estes se podem substituir aos balcões e à intervenção humana dos profissionais dos bancos, tendo-se concluído que estes dois elementos são ainda fatores centrais para os clientes.

Valoración de una Start-up de tecnología

Este documento expone la importancia del ejercicio de valoración como herramienta para la construcción de las proyecciones y la planeación financiera de una empresa en etapa temprana, al tiempo que prueba el método de flujos de caja con tasa de descuento ajustada al riesgo, como la metodología más recomendada por expertos, en la valoración de nuevas empresas (startups), y valida la marginalidad de la información contable y financiera entre los emprendedores -- Busca soportar en un único documento, las decisiones de inversión de financieros, prestamistas y emprendedores, en atención a la subjetividad con que muchos inversionistas valoran desde su percepción, el potencial de crecimiento, la generación de flujos futuros y/o el posicionamiento estratégico de las startup -- Como ya se mencionó, el método de Descuento de Flujos de Caja (DFC) será la metodología aplicada y analizada -- Entre otras ventajas, porque al estar basado en la generación de flujos a partir de los activos fijos, no se expone a percepciones del mercado ni a criterios no trasladables, en caso de una valoración por comparables -- El lector podrá constatar, y de acuerdo con la bibliografía consultada, que la metodología de DFC, no sólo es la más apropiada para la valoración de una startup, sino que dadas las circunstancias en cuanto a disponibilidad de la información, es obligatorio clasificarla, dentro de los métodos más sofisticados -- Finalmente, entre otras conclusiones, se hace énfasis en que el ejercicio de la valoración debe centrarse en identificar el potencial que tiene la empresa de convertirse en una entidad generadora de valor -- En tal sentido, el análisis se debe focalizar en el plan estratégico, que se espera desarrollar a corto, mediano y largo plazo, y en las acciones para alcanzar las metas planteadas -- No siempre la situación de la empresa ha de estar acorde con lo proyectado, se pueden presentar variaciones en el comportamiento financiero, adicionalmente, la demanda de capital líquido e inversiones en activos generan, en la mayoría de los casos, déficit en los flujos de caja producto de las dificultades de los emprendedores para garantizar dicha demanda de recursos