Étude comparative des paramètres atmosphériques d'étoiles naines blanches déterminés par les techniques photométrique et spectroscopique

Ce mémoire présente une analyse comparative des paramètres atmosphériques obtenus à l’aide des techniques photométrique et spectroscopique. Pour y parvenir, les données photométriques et spectroscopiques de 1375 naines blanches de type DA tirées du Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) ainsi que les données spectroscopiques du Villanova White Dwarf Catalog ont été utilisées. Il a d’abord fallu s’assurer que les données photométriques et spectroscopiques étaient bien calibrées. L’analyse photométrique a démontré que la photométrie ugriz ne semblait pas avoir de problème de calibration autre que le décalage des points zéro, qui est compensé en appliquant les corrections photométriques appropriées. De plus, le fait que le filtre u laisse passer le flux à certaines longueurs d’onde dans le rouge ne semble pas affecter la détermination des paramètres atmosphériques. L’analyse spectroscopique a ensuite confirmé que l’application de fonctions de correction permettant de tenir compte des effets hydrodynamiques 3D est la solution au problème de log g élevés. La comparaison des informations tirées des données spectroscopiques des deux différentes sources suggère que la calibration des spectres du SDSS n’est toujours pas au point. Les paramètres atmosphériques déterminés à l’aide des deux techniques ont ensuite été comparés et les températures photométriques sont systématiquement plus faibles que celles obtenues à partir des données spectroscopiques. Cet effet systématique pourrait être causé par les profils de raies utilisés dans les modèles d’atmosphère. Une méthode permettant d’obtenir une estimation de la gravité de surface d’une naine blanche à partir de sa photométrie a aussi été développée.

Intragroup diffuse light in compact groups of galaxies - II. HCG 15, 35 and 51

This continuing study of intragroup light in compact groups of galaxies aims to establish new constraints to models of formation and evolution of galaxy groups, specially of compact groups, which are a key part in the evolution of larger structures, such as clusters. In this paper we present three additional groups (HCG 15, 35 and 51) using deep wide-field B- and R-band images observed with the LAICA camera at the 3.5-m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory (CAHA). This instrument provides us with very stable flat-fielding, a mandatory condition for reliably measuring intragroup diffuse light. The images were analysed with the OV_WAV package, a wavelet technique that allows us to uncover the intragroup component in an unprecedented way. We have detected that 19, 15 and 26 per cent of the total light of HCG 15, 35 and 51, respectively, are in the diffuse component, with colours that are compatible with old stellar populations and with mean surface brightness that can be its low as 28.4 B mag arcsec(-2). Dynamical masses, crossing times and mass-to-light ratios were recalculated using the new group parameters. Also tidal features were analysed using the wavelet technique.

Predicting spectral features in galaxy spectra from broad-band photometry

We explore the prospects of predicting emission-line features present in galaxy spectra given broad-band photometry alone. There is a general consent that colours, and spectral features, most notably the 4000 angstrom break, can predict many properties of galaxies, including star formation rates and hence they could infer some of the line properties. We argue that these techniques have great prospects in helping us understand line emission in extragalactic objects and might speed up future galaxy redshift surveys if they are to target emission-line objects only. We use two independent methods, Artificial Neural Networks (based on the ANNz code) and Locally Weighted Regression (LWR), to retrieve correlations present in the colour N-dimensional space and to predict the equivalent widths present in the corresponding spectra. We also investigate how well it is possible to separate galaxies with and without lines from broad-band photometry only. We find, unsurprisingly, that recombination lines can be well predicted by galaxy colours. However, among collisional lines some can and some cannot be predicted well from galaxy colours alone, without any further redshift information. We also use our techniques to estimate how much information contained in spectral diagnostic diagrams can be recovered from broad-band photometry alone. We find that it is possible to classify active galactic nuclei and star formation objects relatively well using colours only. We suggest that this technique could be used to considerably improve redshift surveys such as the upcoming Fibre Multi Object Spectrograph (FMOS) survey and the planned Wide Field Multi Object Spectrograph (WFMOS) survey.

HI aperture synthesis and optical observations of the pair of galaxies NGC 6907 and 6908

NGC 6908, an S0 galaxy situated in the direction of NGC 6907, was only recently recognized as a distinct galaxy, instead of only a part of NGC 6907. We present 21-cm radio synthesis observations obtained with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) and optical images and spectroscopy obtained with the Gemini-North telescope of this pair of interacting galaxies. From the radio observations, we obtained the velocity field and the H I column density map of the whole region containing the NGC 6907/8 pair, and by means of the Gemini multi-object spectroscopy we obtained high-quality photometric images and 5 angstrom resolution spectra sampling the two galaxies. By comparing the rotation curve of NGC 6907 obtained from the two opposite sides around the main kinematic axis, we were able to distinguish the normal rotational velocity field from the velocity components produced by the interaction between the two galaxies. Taking into account the rotational velocity of NGC 6907 and the velocity derived from the absorption lines for NGC 6908, we verified that the relative velocity between these systems is lower than 60 km s(-1). The emission lines observed in the direction of NGC 6908, not typical of S0 galaxies, have the same velocity expected for the NGC 6907 rotation curve. Some emission lines are superimposed on a broader absorption profile, which suggests that they were not formed in NGC 6908. Finally, the H I profile exhibits details of the interaction, showing three components: one for NGC 6908, another for the excited gas in the NGC 6907 disc and a last one for the gas with higher relative velocities left behind NGC 6908 by dynamical friction, used to estimate the time when the interaction started in (3.4 +/- 0.6) x 10(7) yr ago.