74 resultados para Semeadora


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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O desempenho de tratores agrícolas em condições de campo resulta da interação entre pneu e rodado, influenciado pela velocidade de deslocamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de um trator agrícola sob diferentes pressões de inflação dos pneus da semeadora (518, 483, and 414kPa) e em duas marchas que proporcionaram velocidades de 3,0 e 6,0km h-1. O experimento foi realizado no campus de Jaboticabal da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi fatorial inteiramente casualizado (3x2), com quatro repetições. A força de tração foi influenciada pela marcha e pela potência exigida; no entanto, a pressão de inflação do pneu da semeadora não alterou esses parâmetros. Além disso, o consumo de combustível foi influenciado apenas pela marcha do trator. O consumo de energia foi maior com o aumento da velocidade, ocasionada pela mudança de marcha. A velocidade de deslocamento foi maior para a pressão de 518kPa, em razão da menor patinagem da semeadora promovida por essa pressão. A patinagem do trator não foi alterada pelos fatores testados.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

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Forage sorghum can be grown in areas and environmental conditions dry and warm, where the productivity of other forage plants can often be uneconomical. The soil disturbance can be made only on the lines of planting (direct seeding) or entirely from the area for seeding (conventional tillage), as plowing, harrowing, subsoiling and chiseling (minimum tillage). The displacement speed ideal for planting is one in which the groove is opened and closed without removing the over-ground, allowing the distribution of seed spacing and depth constant. The experiment was conducted in a soil classified as Typic Oxisol at Lageado Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu campus. This study aimed to evaluate the response of sorghum in four forward speeds (3, 5, 6 and 9 km h-1) and four systems of soil management: SD (direct seeding), GP (harrow + sowing), LPG (disc harrow and two light disking + sowing) and CR (scarification and seeding). Data was subjected to analysis of variance in a factorial 4 x 4 and a randomized block design with split plots. The following parameters were determined: average speed, average strength of the drawbar, the average power drawbar, theoretical field capacity of the tractor-equipment, fuel consumption per hour. For the conditions under which the experiment was conducted, it was concluded that the hourly fuel consumption was not influenced by tillage systems and was inversely proportional to the increase of speed work, and that the change of speed in the sowing operation did not provide additional the values of average traction force on the bar of the tractor-planter.

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This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of the deposition and mechanical damage in seeds using a continuous flow metering system under different slope and speed. Part of the study was conducted at Agricultural Research Foundation Agricultural - (FAPA), where seeds that are deposited by a metering system were collected, and the quality analysis verifying the percentage of mechanical damage were conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, city of Botucatu– SP. The mechanism deposition was subjected to three different speed conditions (4,7, and 10 km.h-1) and three differents working slopes, ( 3%, 8%, and 16%). The results were submitted to Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05), and an analysis of variance with F test at 5% significance level was performed. The results showed an interaction between the factor slope and speed of work, increasing the metering mechanism speed, results in a reduction of the seed deposition at a 3% slope but a working speed of 10 km h-1did not reduce the rate of seed deposition until the slope reaches 16%. Both the slope factor and the working speed caused at least 3.9 and 4.2% more damage to the seeds, respectively.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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On the national scene, soybean crop occupies a prominent position in cultivated area and volume production, being cultivated largely in the no tillage system. This system, due to the intense traffic of machines and implements on its surface has caused soil compaction problems, which has caused the yield loss of crops. In order to minimize this effect the seeder-drill uses the systems to opening the furrow by shank or the double disc type. The use of the shank has become commonplace for allowing the disruption of the compacted surface layer, however requires greater energy demand and may cause excessive tillage in areas where there is not observed high levels of compaction. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of furrowers mechanisms and levels of soil compacting on traction requirement by a seeder-drill and on the growing and productivity of soybean in an Oxisol texture clay, in a two growing seasons. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with split plots with the main plots composed of four levels of soil compaction (N0 – no tillage without additional compaction, N1, N2 and N3 – no tillage subjected to compaction through two, four and six passes with tractor, respectively) corresponding to densities of soil 1.16, 1.20, 1.22 and 1.26 g cm-3, and subplots by two furrowers mechanisms (shank and double disc) with four replicates. To evaluate the average, maximum and specific traction force requested by the seeder-drill, was used a load cell, with capacity of 50 kN and sensitivity of 2 mV V-1, coupled between the tractor and seeder-drill, whose data are stored in a datalogger system model CR800 of Campbell Scientific. In addition, were evaluated the bulk density, soil mechanical resistance to penetration, sowing depth, depth and groove width, soil area mobilized, emergence speed index, emergence operation, final plant stand, stem diameter, plant height, average number of seeds per pod, weight of 1,000 seeds, number of pods per plant and crop productivity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, the mean of furrowers were compared by Tukey test (p≤0.05), while for the factor soil compaction, polynomial regression analysis was adopted, selected models by the criterion of greater R2 and significance (p≤0.05) of equation parameters. Regardless of the crop season, penetration resistance increase as soil compaction levels up to around 0.20 m deep, and bulk density influenced the sowing quality parameters, however, did not affect the crop yield. In the first season, there was a higher productivity with the use of the shank type. In the second crop season, the shank demanded greater energetic requirement with the increase of bulk density and opposite situation with the double disc. The locking of sowing lines allow better performance of the shank to break the compacted layer.

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The seed size used for seeding has caused doubts among soybean producers. The study aimed to determine whether there may be differences between seed size with respect to depth of fertilizer deposition. The field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Area UTFPR Campus Pato Branco, using a precision seeder for direct seeding. The design was a randomized blocks, with five repetitions. The treatments were composed by the combination of two seed sizes (large seed with 6,5 mm and 5,5 mm with small seed) and two fertilizer deposition depths in relation to the seed (fertilizer near the seed with about 3 cm away and fertilizer distant from the seeds with about 10 cm). Data were subjected to analysis of variance. When the test value F was significant at 5% probability was applied to the Duncan test for comparison of means. The shallower depth of fertilizer deposition provided larger number of pods per plant and increased number of grains per plant. Already the largest depth of fertilizer deposition provided greater plant height at 30 days after sowing and R2 stage, greater ground area mobilized, higher plant population in all periods, greater depth of deposition of seeds and a higher rate of emergency speed.

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O trigo é uma cultura de ciclo anual cultivada no inverno. Nas culturas de arroz, trigo, aveia e milho, foram evidenciados boas correlações entre a leitura SPAD e a produtividade de grãos. O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da adubação foliar com boro (B) na presença de aminoácidos (AAs) no teor de clorofila e produtividade de grãos do trigo, assim como na sua correlação. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Soja (Londrina - PR), no ano de 2014. O solo da área experimental é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos com doses de ácido bórico na presença de aminoácidos, exceto a testemunha. As doses estudadas foram: T1- 0 kg ha-1 de H3BO3 sem aminoácidos (Testemunha); T2- 0 kg ha-1 de H3BO3; T3- 1 kg ha-1 de H3BO3; T4- 2 kg ha-1 de H3BO3; T5- 4 kg ha-1 de H3BO3; T6- 8 kg ha-1 de H3BO3. O plantio da cultivar BRS Pardela foi realizado com semeadora com sistema de plantio direto, com espaçamento entre linha de 50 cm e a densidade de semeadura utilizada foi ajustada para atingir 250.000 plantas ha-1. A adubação de semeadura foi realizada com 40 kg ha-1 de N (ureia), 60 kg ha-1 de P2O5 (superfosfato triplo) + 40 kg ha-1 K2O (KCl) + 2,0 kg ha-1 de Cu (sulfato de cobre 24,5%), 2,0 kg ha-1 de Mn (sulfato de manganês 30%) e 2,0 kg ha-1 de Zn (sulfato de zinco 21%). A adubação em cobertura foi realizada aos 40 dias após o plantio com 20 kg ha-1 K2O (KCl). A adubação foliar com boro e AAs (2 L ha-1) foi realizada na fase final de alongamento e início de pré-espigamento. Foi utilizado o ácido bórico (17%B) e os aminoácidos na concentração (1/200, v/v) com 6,8% de glicina, 4,4% de prolina, 3,3% de ácido glutâmico, 2,7% de alanina, 1,9% de arginina, 1,7% de ácido aspártico, 1,3% de lisina, 1,3% de histidina e 1,0% de leucina. As práticas de proteção de plantas via controle químico de pragas, doenças e plantas daninhas foram realizadas conforme as indicações técnicas para a cultura de trigo a fim de não interferirem nos resultados obtidos. Avaliou-se a produtividade de grãos de trigo e o teor de clorofila, determinado indiretamente no terço médio da folha bandeira de cinco plantas por parcela, no florescimento, por meio de leituras SPAD com auxílio de um clorofilômetro digital (Minolta 502). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F. A comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey e as correlações foram feitas em nível de 5% de significância. Não houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos no teor de clorofila (SPAD) e na produtividade de grãos de trigo. A produtividade média de grãos foi de 4.266 kg ha-1 e 40 SPAD. Não houve correlação entre a leitura SPAD e a produtividade de grãos. Conclui-se que a adubação foliar com boro na presença de aminoácidos não modificou o teor de clorofila e a produtividade de grãos do trigo, bem como não houve correlação entre os fatores.