998 resultados para Saude mental - Brasil
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia Clínica, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura, 2016.
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Background & aims: This study was undertaken to assess magnesium intake and magnesium status in patients with type 2 diabetes, and to identify the parameters that best predict alterations in fasting glucose and plasma magnesium. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 51; 53.6 +/- 10.5 y) selected within the inclusion factors, at the University Hospital Onofre Lopes. Magnesium intake was assessed by three 24-h recalls. Urine, plasma and erythrocytes magnesium, fasting and 2-h postprandial glucose, HbA1, microalbuminuria, proteinuria, and serum and urine creatinine were measured. Results: Mean magnesium intake (9.37 +/- 1.76 mmol/d), urine magnesium (2.80 +/- 1.51 mmol/d), plasma magnesium (0.71 +/- 0.08 mmol/L) and erythrocyte magnesium (1.92 +/- 0.23 mmol/L) levels were low. Seventy-seven percent of participants presented one or more magnesium status parameters below the cut-off points of 3.00 mmol/L for urine, 0.75 mmol/L for plasma and 1.65 mmol/L for erythrocytes. Subjects presented poor blood glucose control with fasting glucose of 8.1 +/- 3.7 mmol/L, 2-h postprandial glucose of 11.1 +/- 5.1 mmol/L, and HbA1 of 11.4 +/- 3.0%. The parameters that influenced fasting glucose were urine, plasma and dietary magnesium, while plasma magnesium was influenced by creatinine clearance. Conclusions: Magnesium status was influenced by kidney depuration and was altered in patients with type 2 diabetes, and magnesium showed to play an important role in blood glucose control. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
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Background The development of products and services for health care systems is one of the most important phenomena to have occurred in the field of health care over the last 50 years. It generates significant commercial, medical and social results. Although much has been done to understand how health technologies are adopted and regulated in developed countries, little attention has been paid to the situation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Here we examine the institutional environment in which decisions are made regarding the adoption of expensive medical devices into the Brazilian health care system. Methods We used a case study strategy to address our research question. The empirical work relied on in-depth interviews (N = 16) with representatives of a wide range of actors and stakeholders that participate in the process of diffusion of CT (computerized tomography) scanners in Brazil, including manufacturers, health care organizations, medical specialty societies, health insurance companies, regulatory agencies and the Ministry of Health. Results The adoption of CT scanners is not determined by health policy makers or third-party payers of public and private sectors. Instead, decisions are primarily made by administrators of individual hospitals and clinics, strongly influenced by both physicians and sales representatives of the medical industry who act as change agents. Because this process is not properly regulated by public authorities, health care organizations are free to decide whether, when and how they will adopt a particular technology. Conclusions Our study identifies problems in how health care systems in LMICs adopt new, expensive medical technologies, and suggests that a set of innovative approaches and policy instruments are needed in order to balance the institutional and professional desire to practise a modern and expensive medicine in a context of health inequalities and basic health needs.
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Vaccines capable of inducing mucosal immunity in early postnatal life until adulthood, protecting early sexual initiation, should be considered as strategies to vaccination against HIV. The HIV-1 GAG protein as a chimera with the lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP/gag), encoded by a DNA vaccine, is targeted to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment that contains class II MHC molecules and has been shown to be immunogenic in adult mice. Assuming that one such strategy could help to overcome the immunological immaturity in the early postnatal period, we have evaluated the systemic and mucosal immunogenicity of LAMP/gag immunization in neonatal mice. Intranasal immunization with LAMP/gag vaccine induced higher levels of sIgA and IgG anti-GAG antibodies in intestinal washes than did the gag vaccine. The combination of ID injections and the IN protocol with the chimeric vaccine promoted the increase of Ab levels in sera. Both vaccines induced splenic IFN-gamma- secreting cells against GAG peptide pools, as well as in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function, and increased the percentage of CD8+ T cells to the immunodominant class I peptide in gut and spleen. However, only the chimeric vaccine was able to enhance Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion in response to class II GAG peptide and to enhance IL-4-secreting cells against GAG peptides and p24 protein stimuli. Long-lasting humoral and cellular responses were detected until adult age, following neonatal immunization with the chimeric vaccine. The LAMP/gag vaccination was able to induce potent GAG-specific T and B cell immune responses in early life which are essential to elicit sustained and long-lasting mucosal and systemic humoral response. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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Successful T cell priming in early postnatal life that can generate effective long-lasting responses until adulthood is critical in HIV vaccination strategies because it prevents early sexual initiation and breastfeeding transmission of HIV. A chimeric DNA vaccine encoding p55 HIV gag associated with lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1; which drives the antigen to the MIIC compartment), has been used to enhance cellular and humoral antigen-specific responses in adult mice and macaques. Herein, we investigated LAMP-1/gag vaccine immunogenicity in the neonatal period in mice and its ability to generate long-lasting effects. Neonatal vaccination with chimeric LAMP/gag generated stronger Gag-specific immune responses, as measured by the breadth of the Gag peptide-specific IFN-gamma, proliferative responsiveness, cytokine production and antibody production, all of which revealed activation of CD4+ T cells as well as the generation of a more robust CTL response compared to gag vaccine alone. To induce long-lived T and B cell memory responses, it was necessary to immunize neonates with the chimeric IAMP/gag DNA vaccine. The LAMP/gag DNA vaccine strategy could be particularly useful for generating an anti-HIV immune response in the early postnatal period capable of inducing long-term immunological memory. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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OBJETIVO: Analisar o processo de cuidado desenvolvido por meio de arte e cultura em centros de atenção psicossocial. MÉTODOS: Estudo integrado à pesquisa de avaliação dos centros de atenção psicossocial, em São Paulo, SP. Foram analisados os relatos da observação de tipo etnográfico de 126 atividades grupais de arte e cultura realizadas em 21 desses centros, entre 2007 e 2008. A análise incluiu depoimentos de coordenadores sobre os objetivos das atividades observadas. Baseado em referenciais teóricos da atenção psicossocial, utilizou-se da técnica de análise de conteúdo para investigar relações entre meios terapêuticos (enquadres, atividades e vínculos) e objetivos das atividades. RESULTADOS: Três tendências de cuidado foram identificadas: (1) estritamente clínica, predominante e marcada por atividades realizadas dentro dos centros com foco em competências pessoais e interações grupais; (2) psicossocial, que incluiu atividades no território, ampliação dos repertórios culturais e da circulação social; e (3) residual, minoritária e sem ganhos psicossociais. CONCLUSÕES: A realização de atividades de arte e cultura que produzam cuidado na perspectiva da reabilitação psicossocial depende do acesso dos profissionais a bens culturais e a processos criativos, do reconhecimento dessas atividades como trabalho integrado a toda a equipe e da consideração de todos os atores envolvidos como produtores de fatos de cultura.
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OBJETIVO Analisar a prevalência e fatores associados a sintomas depressivos em idosos. MÉTODOS Estudo epidemiológico transversal e de base domiciliar (inquérito EpiFloripa Idoso) com 1.656 idosos, realizado por conglomerados em dois estágios, setores censitários e domicílios, em Florianópolis, SC. A prevalência de sintomas depressivos (desfecho) foi obtida por meio da Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), e testadas associações segundo variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde, comportamentais e sociais. Foram calculadas razões de prevalências brutas e ajustadas com intervalo de 95% de confiança por regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS A prevalência de sintomas depressivos foi de 23,9% (IC95% 21,84;26,01). Os fatores de risco associados no modelo final foram: escolaridade de cinco a oito anos (RP = 1,50; IC95% 1,08; 2,08), um a quatro anos (RP = 1,62; IC95% 1,18; 2,23) e nenhum ano de estudo (RP = 2,11; IC95% 1,46;3,05); situação econômica pior quando comparada com a que tinha aos 50 anos (RP = 1,33; IC95% 1,02;1,74); déficit cognitivo (RP = 1,45; IC95% 1,21;1,75); percepção de saúde regular (RP = 1,95; IC95% 1,47;2,60) e ruim (RP = 2,64; IC95% 1,82;3,83); dependência funcional (RP = 1,83; IC95% 1,43; 2,33); e dor crônica (RP = 1,35; IC95% 1,10;1,67). Grupo etário de 70 a 79 anos (RP = 0,77; IC95% 0,64;0,93); atividade física de lazer (RP = 0,75; IC95% 0,59;0,94); participação em grupos de convivência ou religiosos (RP = 0,80; IC95% 0,64;0,99); e ter relação sexual (RP = 0,70; IC95% 0,53;0,94) mostraram-se fatores protetores ao aparecimento dos sintomas depressivos. CONCLUSÕES Situação clínica adversa, desvantagem socioeconômica e pouca atividade social e sexual mostraram-se associadas aos sintomas depressivos em idosos.
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Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC
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Pós-graduação em Música - IA
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Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
