利用相互染色体涂色技术分析两株人肺腺癌细胞系(A549和GLC-82)的核型特征(英文)

肺癌是全世界癌症死亡中的一个主要的原因。除吸烟外,一些肺癌患者的发病与氡气污染相关。该研究采用包括染色体分选、正向和反向染色体涂色技术,分析了两株肺腺癌细胞系A549和GLC-82的核型特征。A549和GLC-82细胞系都属于非小细胞肺癌细胞系,但诱因不同,后者来源于一个长期生活在氡气污染环境肺癌病人的癌组织。染色体涂色结果表明,这两株肺癌细胞系发生了复杂的染色体重排。在A549和GLC-82细胞系中,除正常染色体拷贝数变化外,还分别存在13条和24条畸变染色体。约一半的畸变染色体是通过非相互易位形成的,其余的畸变染色体则是通过一些正常染色体的片段缺失或重复而产生的。尽管这两株肺癌细胞系都没有共同的畸变染色体,但它们似共享两个染色体易位断裂点:HSA8q24和12q14。

The effect of increase in the number of fishing trips on the economic efficiency of 9.82 m and 11 m fishing trawlers along Kerala coast

Cost-benefit analysis of a 9.82 m and 11 m fishing trawlers based on the number of fishing trips is presented. The number of fishing trips per year determines the profit and loss of the trawler. With the increase in the number of fishing trips, the profit also increase for both the sizes of trawlers. The minimum quantity of prawn and fish to be landed for 0-20% profit for varying number of fishing trips are worked out. The break-even for 9.82 and 11m trawlers was observed to be 185 and 210 fishing trips respectively during 1980-81.

Genetic diversity study of Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877) population in five rivers in the southern part of Caspian Sea, Iran

For study the genetic diversity of Caspian brown trout population in five rivers in the southern part of Caspian Sea in Iran 182 number generators in the fall and winter of 1390 were collected in Chalus, Sardab Rud, Cheshmeh Kileh, Kargan Rud and Astara rivers. Then about 3-5 g of soft and fresh tissue from the bottom fin fish removed and were fixed in ethanol 96°. Genomic DNA was extracted by using ammonium acetate, then quantity and quality of the extracted DNA were determined by using spectrophotometry and horizontal electrophoresis in 1% agarose gel. The polymerase chain reaction was performed by using 16 SSR primers and sequencing primers (D-Loop) and the quality of PCR products amplified by SSR method were performed by using horizontal electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel. Alleles and their sizes were determined by using vertical electrophoresis in 6% polyacrylamide gel and silver nitrate staining method. Gel images were recorded by gel documentarian, the bands were scored by using Photo- Capt software and statistical analysis was performed by using Gene Alex and Pop Gene software. Also the PCR sequencing products after quality assessment by usinghorizontal electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel were purified and sent to South Korea Bioneer Corporation for sequencing. Sequencing was performed by chain termination method and the statistical analysis was performed by using Bio- Edit, Mega, Arlequin and DNA SP software. The SSR method, 5 pairs of primers produced polymorphic bands and the average real and effective number of alleles were calculated 5.60±1.83 and 3.87±1.46 in the Cheshmeh Kileh river and 7.60±1.75 and 5.48±1.32 in the Karganrud river and the mean observed and expected heterozygosity were calculated 0.44 ±0.15 and 0.52 ±0.16 in the Cheshmeh Kileh river and 0.50 ±0.11 and 0.70±0.13 in the Karganrud river. Analysis of Molecular Variance results showed that significant differences in genetic diversity between and within populations and between and within individuals in the studied rivers (P<0.01). The sequencing method identified 35 different haplotype, the highest number of polymorphic position (251) and haplotype (14) were observed in the Chalus river. The highest mean observed number of alleles (2.24±0.48) was calculated in the Sardabrud river, the highest mean observed heterozygosity (1.00±0.03) was calculated in the Chalus river and the highest mean nucleotide diversity (0.13±0.07) was observed in the Sardabrud river and mean haplotype diversity was obtained (1) in three studied rivers. The overall results show that there are no same population of this fish in the studied rivers and Karganrud and Chalus rivers in the SSR and sequencing methods had the highest levels of genetic diversity.

Study of density, distribution and yield on benthic fauna and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) feeding in Laar reservoirs

Lar lake, with the international UTM specification of 39S 579680 3976567 & 39S 589930 3976184 is Situated in Lar national Park with an aerial distance of 55 Km of Tehran along Haraz road. The present research is carried out as part of a comprehensives Plan for assessment of bioresearches of Lar lake & the rivers flowing into it. This research includes examination of there benthic Samplings performed in Lar lake and each of the related rivers including Delichaee, Ab-e-sefid , Alarm & Lar (Kamardasht).Tubifex and Chironomus genus were found to have the highest frequencies of occurrence in the lake with %77.117 & %21.823 respectively followed by Chironomidae and Simulidae from the Diptera order which accounted for %72.328 and %13.812 occurrences in four rivers examined in the Study. The benthic biomass at various examined Sites and the average wet weight of the benthic biomass in station No one in the lake Was 17.397g and the figure for the examined site in Alarm was 20.242 g which were the highest level among Other examination stations the index for the abundance of species in Alarm river was greater than the rest of the examined rivers with 12.57. A sum of 354 Pieces of brown trouts was caught in the course of sampling which were closely investigated in terms of their digestive tract Content. It was identified that Daphniidae and Chironomus constituted the bulk of eaten items from the lake with %17.985 and %63.973 respectively. Meanwhile, Chironomidae and Simuladae were the most frequently eanten benthos by the fish with %81.47 and %7.93 respectively.The index for the relative length of gut was recorded at 0.49± 0.08 which is well indicative of the carnivorous diet of the fish.The index for the feeding intensity amounted to 138  83 showing that the one year old fish were of more feeding intensity.The coefficient of condition (K) was estimated at 1.02  0.142 for all the caught fish. The average wet weight of the benthos was 10.348 g per square meter which if extended to 700ha surface area of the lake, the total macrobenthic production in the lake would amount to 72730Kg of wet weight or 6510 Kg of dry weight. Since the Secondary Production of macrobenthos have always been double that of their biomass, it is reasonable to assume that the Secondary Production of macrobenthos amount to 145640 Kg by their wet weight and Since the energy transfer in the food chain of the lake from benthos to fish is 10 percent, the fish production Capacity Coming from benthic resources of the lake (Lar) would be 14.5 MT, half of which (7000-8000MT) could annually be harvested. Further more, the actual fish Production Capacity might exceed the projected level Since Daphnia, Rotifers and Ostracoda which belong to Zooplanktons, play a part in the natural diet of trout. Meanwhile, rivers Play a major role in fish nutrition and the annual fish production in Delichaee river is about 4481.8Kg while the figures for Ab-e-sefid, Alerm and Lar rivers are 2370.7 4848.7 and 2586.2 Kg respectively, that further increase fish Production in the area and every year half of these resources can be exploitable from the river & the lake.Nevertheless, due to ecological & biological importance of rivers and the probability of environmental Pollution, devastation of natural fish habitats & their nursery grounds, Sport fishing is not recommended at all.

Effects of Artemia enriched with unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin C on growth, survival and resistance Salmo trutta caspius larvae

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of using n-3 HUFA and Vitamin C enriched Artemia urmiana Nauplii Five difference treament were tested: for Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) larvae compare with artificial food in five treatment: (1) Artificial food, (2) Newly hatched Artemia (3) n-3 HUFA enriched Artemia (4) n-3 HUFA + 10% Ascorbyl Palmitate enriched Artemia (5) n-3 HUFA+20% Ascorbyl palmitate enriched Artemia during 15 days then all treatment were fed with artificial food during 20 days. In days of 15, larvae fed with newly hatched Artemia didn’t show significant difference of growth rate and survival compared to larvae fed with n-3 HUFA and Vitamn C enriched live food (p<0.05), However all treatment which fed live food have better growth rate and survival compred to larvae fed artificial food. Larvae fed with enriched Artemia with n-3 HUFA + 20% Ascorbyl palmitate has best result of temperature resistance at 26'C and 28'C. There is not significant difference between treatment (1) and (2), (3) and in this manner between (2), (3) and (4), (5) (P>0.05). In days of 35, larvae fed n-3 HUFA + 10% and 20% Ascorbyl pamlitate show better wet weight and dry weight compared to other treatment (P<0.05). Larvae fed n-3 HUFA Artemia showed significant difference compared to treatment (1) and (2), However there is not significant difference between treatment (1) and (2). Larvae fed artificial food show less and significant difference of survival compared to other treatment (P<0.05). Larvae fed artificial food show least of temperature resistance at 26'C and 28'C , However, there is not significant difference between all treatment (P<0.05).

The reproductive traits of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) from the Yadong River, Tibet

Some key aspects of the reproductive strategy of the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) in the Yadong River, Tibet, including spawning season, age at sexual maturity, fecundity and egg size, have been studied. The majority of the samples were less than 215 mm and age ranged from 1 to 4 in both sexes, indicating that the majority of the fish were younger and the pressure by overfishing was high. The spawning periodicity was determined to be between the end of October and January, mainly in November and December. The ratio of male to female brown trout population (1.29:1 with P > 0.05) suggested no sex significant differences, although males were significantly more abundant than females in October (P < 0.0001) on monthly basis. Age and size of males and females at maturity was different and males matured earlier than females. Fecundity was markedly correlated with their body weight (P < 0.001, r = 0.9255), standard length (P < 0.01, r = 0.8879), and gonad weight (P < 0.001, r = 0.9366). The mean size of mature eggs in the spawning season was: 4.0 +/- 0.45 mm and tended to increase along with the female spawners size (P < 0.001, r = 0.9641). Further researches about the brown trout population in the Yadong River should be conducted on issues such as artificial reproduction, culture, conservation, management, and restocking.

Two cathelicidin genes are present in both rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Further to the previous finding of the rainbow trout rtCATH_1 gene, this paper describes three more cathelicidin genes found in salmonids: two in Atlantic salmon, named asCATH_1 and asCATH_2, and one in rainbow trout, named rtCATH_2. All the three new salmonid cathelicidin genes share the common characteristics of mammalian cathelicidin genes, such as consisting of four exons and possessing a highly conserved preproregion and four invariant cysteines clustered in the C-terminal region of the cathelin-like domain. The asCATH_1 gene is homologous to the rainbow trout rtCATH_1 gene, in that it possesses three repeat motifs of TGGGGGTGGC in exon IV and two cysteine residues in the predicted mature peptide, while the asCATH_2 gene and rtCATH_2 gene are homologues of each other, with 96% nucleotide identity. Salmonid cathelicidins possess the same elastase-sensitive residue, threonine, as hagfish cathelicidins and the rabbit CAP18 molecule. The cleavage site of the four salmonid cathelicidins is within a conserved amino acid motif of QKIRTRR, which is at the beginning of the sequence encoded by exon W. Two 36-residue peptides corresponding to the core part of rtCATH_1 and rtCATH_2 were chemically synthesized and shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. rtCATH_2 was expressed constitutively in gill, head kidney, intestine, skin and spleen, while the expression of rtCATH_1 was inducible in gill, head kidney, and spleen after bacterial challenge. Four cathelicidin genes have now been characterized in salmonids and two were identified in hagfish, confirming that cathelicidin genes evolved early and are likely present in all vertebrates.

笼内金属富勒烯Gd@C_(82)的分离和质谱研究

由于其独特的电子结构，笼内金属富勒烯（碳笼内包容金属原子）的研究一直吸引着人们极大的兴趣，目前已经合成并分离出的笼内金属富勒烯主要包括碳笼内包容铱、钪、镧系原子等。在本论文中我们利用质谱技术对笼内金属富勒烯Gd_2@C_(82)气相离子行为和C_(60)与丙烯酸甲酯气相离子反应进行研究，X光电子能谱对碳笼内轧原子的价态进行研究。笼内金属富勒烯Gd_2@C_(82)是利用电弧放电法合成的。将碳份与三氧化二钆 （C：Gd=1：100, 摩尔比）灌入碳棒，将为棒前处理后，在氦气份保护下进行放电。通过对空心富勒烯在不同沸点的溶解情况进行了研究，发现大碳数的空心富勒烯在高沸点容剂中有较大的溶解度。利用两步高温高压法，既先利用1，2，4－三甲2基苯对大碳数的空心富勒烯进行分离，然后利用吡啶对笼内金属富勒烯进行提取。利用三种不同的质谱电离方式：电喷雾 （ESI），激光解析飞行时间（LDI-TOF），共振电子捕获技术（REC）来研究笼内金属富勒烯的气相离子特征。实验结果表明LDI-TOF和REC电离技术得到的质谱谱图中，笼内金属富勒烯和空心富勒烯均出现分子离子峰，但在电喷雾质谱谱图中只有笼内金属富勒烯出现分子离子峰。结合这一实验结果和理论分析说明碳笼内钆离子偏离碳中心位置。通过对比笼内金属富勒烯Gd@C_(82)和三氧化二钆中钆离子的光电子能谱谱图，Gd@C_(82)的电子结构应表示为Gd~(3+)@C_(82)~(3-)。利用四极杆质谱仪对C_(60)分子[C_(60)H]~+和加成产物为[C_(60)C_4H_3O]~+，后者是丙烯酸甲酯分子经过α短裂后与质子化[C_(60)H]~+ 发生加成反应所得的产物，在限制性Hartree-Fock条件下，采用AM1半经验量子化学计算方法对加成产[C_(60)C_3H_3O]~+八种可能结构的产物进行计算，得出了三种可能的最稳定的环加成同分异构体。

Elastic Scattering of He-6 + p at 82.3 MeV/nucleon

Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of halo nucleus He-6 on proton target were measured at 82.3 MeV/u. The experimental results are well reproduced by optical model calculations using global potential KD02 with a reduction of the depth of real volume part by a factor of 0.7. A systematic analysis shows that this behavior might be related to the weakly bound property of unstable nuclei.

Gas phase derivatization of endohedral metallofullerenes R@C-82 and R-2@C-80 (R = Nd, Ce)

Endohedral metallofullerenes Ce@C-82, Ce-2@C-80, Nd@C-82 and Nd-2@C-80 undergo gas phase ion/molecule reactions with the ion system from self-chemical ionization of vinyl acetate, and exohedral derivatives are thus generated, A new heterocycle is formed from metallofullerenes and a C2H3O+ cation, Endohedral metallofullerenes show much higher reactivities than empty fullerenes during the association and the charge and proton transfer processes, The strong electron-donating character of endohedral metallofullerenes is due to their unique super-atom-like electronic structures. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

大西洋庸鲽Hippoglossus hippoglossus和大西洋鲑Salmo salar配子质量研究

种质问题是养殖健康发展的基础。在鱼类养殖中，卵子和精子的质量直接关系到受精、胚胎发育，仔稚鱼发育以及幼鱼生长等一系列过程。本论文针对大西洋庸鲽和大西洋鲑的配子质量进行研究。研究内容涉及大西洋庸鲽精子冷冻保存方法；促性腺激素释放激素类似物（GnRHa）使用对其精子冷冻保存效果、以及脂肪酸组成的影响；野生和驯养大西洋鲑卵子在脂肪酸、类胡萝卜素、矿物盐方面的差异比较。 精子冷冻保存通过提高对精子的利用效率，进而对于种质改良，推进鱼类养殖科研和生产具有重要意义。本实验建立了大西洋庸鲽精子大容量冷冻保存方法。八种抗冻剂冷冻保存实验结果表明：10% 及15% DMSO配以 HBSS 或KS 的抗冻剂组合冷冻保存效果最佳，4 mL体积冷冻保存可获得与1.6 mL同样的保存效果。 在繁殖季节后期注射GnRHa激素缓释剂，可获得质量稳定的大西洋庸鲽精液，将激素注射方法与精子冷冻保存方法相结合对于提高雄鱼利用率，扩大生产规模具有重要实用价值。本项研究分三个时间采集注射GnRHa激素后的雄鱼精子以及同期未注射激素的雄鱼精子，对所有精子样品使用同样的方法进行冷冻保存，检测冷冻保存后解冻精子的受精率与活力。结果表明，激素注射与否对于冷冻保存后精子的受精率和活力无显著影响，两类冷冻精液均达到鲜精水平。实验结果还表明，注射激素14天后的精子的密度显著的降低。说明GnRHa激素的使用可以显著降低精子密度，但不会影响精子的冷冻保存效果。 本相研究同时对注射GnRHa 缓释激素和未注射GnRHa 缓释激素的大西洋庸鲽精液脂肪酸成分进行分析，以检测该激素使用对精子生化组分的影响。结果表明激素的使用对在DHA (22:6n-3,二十二碳六烯酸)、EPA(20:5n-3,二十碳五烯酸)、AA(20:4n-6，花生四烯酸)等重要脂肪酸，不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸以及n-3、n-6等重要种类的脂肪酸总量及其比例没有显著影响。精液脂肪酸中DHA含量最高，约占25%；PUFA约为44%。 作为世界性的重要养殖品种，野生和驯养大西洋鲑在形态、生化组成以及遗传 等方面表现出的差异被广泛关注。本论文，对野生和驯养大西洋鲑受精卵关键生化成分进行分析，通过与野生受精卵比较阐明驯养受精卵的质量状况，为亲鱼营养需求提供指导依据。本实验中野生配子和驯养配子的受精率没有显著差异，但重要脂肪酸组成、类胡萝卜素以及矿物盐含量都存在多方面显著差异。两类受精卵脂肪酸中含量最高的依次为18:1n-9（油酸）、DHA（二十二碳六烯酸）、16:0（棕榈酸）、EPA（二十碳五烯酸）。野生受精卵的单不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于驯养受精卵，而多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）比例显著低于驯养的受精卵。在主要必需不饱和脂肪酸（EFA）中，DHA和EPA在野生受精卵中的比例高于驯养受精卵，AA（花生四烯酸）低于驯养受精卵。野生受精卵虾青素（Ax）的含量低于驯养受精卵而鸡油菌素（Cx）含量高于驯养受精卵。野生受精卵中多种矿物盐的含量（铝、铜、铁、硒和锌）含量显著高于驯养的受精卵。差别最大的为铜。诸多方面的差异表明，野生亲鱼与驯养亲鱼产出的卵子确实存在显著差异，因此关注亲鱼的营养极为重要。

Efeito dos salicilatos em Salmo trutta fario

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

The study of molecular variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)

Polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci were used here in three studies, one on Salmo salar and two on S. trutta. In the case of S. salar, the survival of native fish and non-natives from a nearby catchment, and their hybrids, were compared in a freshwater common garden experiment and subsequently in ocean ranching, with parental assignment utilising microsatellites. Overall survival of non-natives was 35% of natives. This differential survival was mainly in the oceanic phase. These results imply a genetic basis and suggest local adaptation can occur in salmonids across relatively small geographic distances which may have important implications for the management of salmon populations. In the first case study with S trutta, the species was investigated throughout its spread as an invasive in Newfoundland, eastern Canada. Genetic investigation confirmed historical records that the majority of introductions were from a Scottish hatchery and provided a clear example of the structure of two expanding waves of spread along coasts, probably by natural straying of anadromous individuals, to the north and south of the point of human introduction. This study showed a clearer example of the genetic anatomy of an invasion than in previous studies with brown trout, and may have implications for the management of invasive species in general. Finally, the genetics of anadromous S. trutta from the Waterville catchment in south western Ireland were studied. Two significantly different population groupings, from tributaries in geographically distinct locations entering the largest lake in the catchment, were identified. These results were then used to assign very large rod caught sea trout individuals (so called “specimen” sea trout) back to region of origin, in a Genetic Stock Identification exercise. This suggested that the majority of these large sea trout originated from one of the two tributary groups. These results are relevant for the understanding of sea trout population dynamics and for the future management of this and other sea trout producing catchments. This thesis has demonstrated new insights into the population structuring of salmonids both between and within catchments. While these chapters look at the existence and scale of genetic variation from different angles, it might be concluded that the overarching message from this thesis should be to highlight the importance of maintaining genetic diversity in salmonid populations as vital for their long-term productivity and resilience.