Sea bream (Sparus aurata) intensive larval rearing : effects of microalgae and phages addition on the performance of the larvae

Máster Oficial en Cultivos Marinos. Trabajo presentado como requisito parcial para la obtención del Título de Máster Oficial en Cultivos Marinos, otorgado por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), el Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas (ICCM), y el Centro Internacional de Altos Estudios Agronómicos Mediterráneos de Zaragoza (CIHEAM)

Desarrollo de un programa piloto a nivel nacional de mejora genética en dorada (Sparus aurata L.) : estimación de parámetros genéticos de caracteres de crecimiento y calidad e interacción genotipo ambiente

[ES] En este estudio, se ha protocolizado la metodología que permite la integración de la selección genética bajo los condicionantes propios del sistema de producción de dorada (Sparus aurata L.) poniéndola en práctica a nivel nacional en colaboración con seis empresas españolas. Se criaron peces descendientes de tres lotes industriales (ICCM: Canarias, CULMASUR S.A.: Andalucía, PISCIMAR S.L.: Valencia), marcados con Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) y mezclados, en las instalaciones de cuatro centros de investigación y cuatro empresas (ICCM y CANEXMAR S.L.: Canarias; IFAPA y PIM S.A.: Andalucía; IRTA y CULTIMAR S.A.: Cataluña; IMIDA y SERVICIOS ATUNEROS DEL MEDITERRÁNEO: Murcia). Se realizaron muestreos de crecimiento de manera simultánea en las cuatro comunidades autónomas (179, 269, 389 y 539 días), además de un muestreo final de sacrificio (689 días) a talla ración donde se valoraron nuevas e importantes variables fenotípicas, tras unificar criterios. Para la determinación de las relaciones parentales-filiales se pusieron a punto nuevas PCRs múltiplex con marcadores microsatélites del mapa de dorada.

PepT1 mRNA expression levels in sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed different plant protein sources

[EN] The expression and regulation of intestinal oligopeptide transporter (PepT)-1 when vegetable sources are used as a substitute for fish meal in the diet of marine fish has not yet been explored. In the present study, as part of our ongoing work on elucidating PepT1 gene expression in relation to different dietary treatments, we have now isolated and deposited in Genbank database (accession no. GU733710) a cDNA sequence representing the PepT1 in the sea bream (Sparus aurata). The ?de novo? prediction of the three-dimensional structure of PepT1 protein is presented. We also analyzed diet-induced changes in the expression of PepT1 mRNA via real-time RT-PCR using the standard curve method. Sea bream were fed for 140 days with one of the following four diet formulations (43% protein/21% lipid): a control fast growth-promoting diet (C), and three diets with the same formulation but in which 15% of the fish meal was substituted by protein concentrates either from lupine (LPC), chick pea (CPC), or green pea (PPC). Fish fed PPC had significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of PepT1 transcripts in the proximal intestine than the controls, whereas PepT1 transcript levels in fish fed LPC or CPC were not significantly different from the controls. Although growth was similar between fish fed with different diets during the first 72 days of feeding, growth of the fish fed with PPC was reduced during the second part of the trial and was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than fish fed LPC and CPC diets by the end of the experiment. Correlation between these results and fish growth performances highlights that the intestinal PepT1 mRNA level may serve as a useful marker of the dietary protein quality and absorption efficiency.

Vacunas inactivas frente a Photobacterium Damselae subsp. Piscicida en dorada (Sparus Aurata): efecto sobre la producción de células IGM positivas y la expresión génetica de moléculas proinflamatorias y MX

Programa de doctorado: Sanidad animal

Effect of different rotifers enrichment formula feed on growth and survival of sea bream larvae ("Sparus aurata")

Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar. Final assignment for the Marine Science Degree ; 2013-2014

Efecto combinado de la alimentación con la calidad e intensidad de la luz sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema visual de las larvas de dorada (Sparus aurata) en condiciones de cultivo intensivo

Máster Universitario International en Acuicultura. Trabajo presentado como requisito parcial para la obtención del Título de Máster Universitario Internacional en Acuicultura, otorgado por la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), el Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas (ICCM), y el Centro Internacional de Altos Estudios Agronómicos Mediterráneos de Zaragoza (CIHEAM)

Infección de amyloodinium sp. en cultivos larvarios de dorada ( sparus aurata ) en Canarias.

[EN] The effect of Amyloodinium sp. infection in early larval stages of Sparus aurata larvae rearing under Mesocosm technique in pilot scale facilities at Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas, the treatments tried are described in this study. The level of infection was different in the three performed trials and the succeed of the different treatments is discussed. The source of the parasite is not yet clarified and some recommendations are made for future rearing trials at commercial scale are given.

Caracterización histológica del desarrollo del sistema visual en larvas de Dorada Sparus aurata (Linnaeus 1758)

[ES] El objetivo del presente estudio es aportar nuevos conocimientos sobre el desarrollo del sistema visual en los primeros estadios larvarios de dorada. El entendimiento de la ontogenia del sistema visual puede contribuir a la mejora en las condiciones de iluminación en el cultivo, las cuales podrían tener repercusiones en la obtención de larvas de mejor calidad y unas mayores tasas de supervivencia en el cultivo larvario. Las larvas de la mayoría de los peces son predadores visuales, lo que indica la gran importancia que juega el sistema visual en desarrollo (BLAXTER, 1986). El comportamiento trófico de la larva estará intimamente ligado al desarrollo de su capacidad visual, que depende directamente de la organogénesis de la retina. El estudio muestra que durante el desarrollo post-embrionario y en las primeras etapas de vida larvaria, el sistema visual de dorada Sparus aurata, histologicamente, es muy similar al descrito por otros autores para especies similares, Pagrus major (KAWAMURA,1984), Pagrus auratus (PANKHURST, 1996) y Pagrus pagrus (L. 1758 ) (ROO et al.,1998). El tercer día de vida de la larva es uno de los mas importantes, necesita estar preparada para capturar y digerir sus presas. En este día la larva muestra todas las estructuras necesarias para la función visual. El epitelio pigmentario bien definido, el músculo de la lente esta presente y el iris esta completamente formado. Las condiciones de iluminación que se utilizan en los criaderos comerciales difieren bastante de las condiciones naturales, pudiendo ser un factor a tener en cuenta para la obtención de una mejor calidad de larvas así como unas mejores tasas de supervivencia.

Development of skeletal deformities in Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) reared under different larval culture and dietary conditions

[EN] Main deformities such as lordosis, opercular deformities and upper/lower jaws shortening are considered as quality descriptors in commercial marine fish fry production and seem to be related at least with larval culture conditions in early larval stages. The aim of this work was to obtain information about the contribution of the diet and rearing system to the apparition of these abnormalities in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae in semi-industrial scale facilities. For that purpose, two different larval rearing systems semi-intensive and intensive were compared by duplicate and with the same live feed enrichments; besides, two different rotifer enrichments were tested in an intensive system. Biochemical composition of larvae, preys and commercial products was analysed. At 50 days post hatching six hundred fish per treatment were individually studied under stereoscope and abnormalities frequency recorded. At 95 days post hatching fry were soft X ray monitored as well. Survival and malformation frequency were significantly different between treatments, the effect of diet and system are discussed. A significantly lower percentage of deformity rates together with better survival and growth were obtained in the semi-intensive system, whereas the rotifer enrichment significantly affected larval survival.

Detección de QTLs de deformidades esqueléticas en dorada (Sparus aurata L.): herramientas moleculares y análisis de segregación

Programa de doctorado: Acuicultura: producción controlada de organismos acuáticos

Indagine sull’influenza di differenti sistemi d’allevamento sui connotati nutrizionali, tecnologici, sensoriali e di freschezza dell’orata (Sparus aurata) allevata in Italia

On account of the commercial importance of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) in Italy the aim of the present study is the evaluation of the quality of nutritional, technological, sensory and freshness aspects. Sea bream production is growing in the Mediterranean and the evaluation of its quality concerns both producers and consumers alike. The culture system greatly influences final product quality. In Italy most of sea bream culture is carried out in cages but there is also a production in land based facilities and in lagoons. In this study external appeareance differentiations are pronounced. Different results were found for nutritional aspects, for fatty acids and for mineral content. Some differences in the freshness indices are also found. Furthermore, organoleptic differences have been described between culture system.

Stato sanitario di Spigole (Dicentrarchus Labrax) ed Orate (Sparus Aurata) allevate in Grecia e in Italia in relazione alla presenza di agenti di Zoonosi ed Ectoparassiti patogeni

Le attività di ricerca della presente tesi di dottorato si sono focalizzata principalmente sulla parassitofauna dei pesci marini allevati in Grecia ed in Italia con particolare attenzione allo studio degli ectoparassiti di maggior rilievo sanitario in maricoltura ed alla ricerca di endoparassiti di potenziale interesse zoonosico, in particolare larve di nematodi Anisakidae del genere Anisakis. Nel corso del triennio sono stati sottoposti ad esami parassitologici 916 spigole (Dicentrarchus labrax) e 462 orate (Sparus aurata) prelevate presso diverse tipologie di allevamenti greci ed italiani. Per quanto concerne le spigole, la presenza di ectoparassiti è stata riscontrata nel 29,2% e nel 61,9% dei soggetti provenienti rispettivamente da impianti siti in Grecia ed in Italia, mentre le orate hanno presentato percentuali di positività rispettivamente del 87,5% e del 26,7%. Gli ectoparassiti dominanti sono risultati essere il monogeneo Diplectanum aequans nelle spigole ed il ciliato Cryptocaryon irritans e il monogeneo Furnestinia echeneis nelle orate, sebbene sia stato possibile studiare anche il coinvolgimento di altri ectoparassiti, quali il monogeneo Sparicotyle chrysophrii ed il dinoflagellato Amyloodinium ocellatum, nel determinismo di alcuni episodi morbosi. Le osservazioni istopatologiche hanno permesso di caratterizzare le lesioni causate dagli ectoparassiti a diverse intensità d’infestazione. Per quanto concerne la ricerca di parassiti zoonosici, con particolare riferimento agli stadi larvali di nematodi Anisakidae del genere Anisakis, si sono condotti esami parassitologici a livello di cavità viscerale e di muscolo laterale in tutti i soggetti provenienti da allevamenti in gabbia (626 soggetti, di cui 441 spigole e 185 orate). Tutti i soggetti esaminati sono risultati negativi, indicando come il rischio di infestazione da larve di nematodi anisakidi possa essere considerato trascurabile in spigole ed orate allevate in gabbia, come già dimostrato per il salmone atlantico (EFSA, 2010).

Acute stress regulates vasotocinergic and isotocinergic systems in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.).

The hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis is involved in stress response regulation. In addition, arginine vasotocin (AVT) and isotocin (IT) are also considered as important players in this stress regulation. The present study assessed, using the teleost gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) as a biological model, hypothalamic mRNA expression changes of AVT and IT and their receptors at hepatic level after an acute stress situation. Specimens were submitted to air for 3 min and place back in their respective tanks after that, being sampled at different times (15 min, 30 min, 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours post-stress) in order to study the time course response. Plasma cortisol values increased after few minutes post-exposure, decreasing during the experimental time while a metabolic reorganization occurred in both plasmatic and hepatic levels. At hypothalamic level, acute stress affects mRNA expression of AVT and IT precursors, as well as hepatic expression of their receptors, suggesting the involvement of both vasotocinergic and isotocinergic systems in the acute stress response. Our results demonstrate the activation and involvement of both endocrine pathways in the regulation of metabolic and stress systems of Sparus aurata, which is stated, at least, through changes in mRNA expression levels of these genes analysed.

Utilização de glúten de trigo na alimentação de dourada, Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758)

A incorporação de fontes proteicas alternativas à farinha de peixe na alimentação de espécies piscícolas tem sido objecto de variados estudos no âmbito da nutrição animal. Neste contexto realizou-se o presente trabalho, cujo objectivo foi determinar o nível de substituição ideal de farinha de peixe por glúten de trigo na alimentação de dourada. Foram realizados dois ensaios, um de crescimento e um de digestibilidade. O ensaio de crescimento efectuou-se para determinar qual o nível máximo de substituição sem que os animais apresentassem diferenças significativas em termos de taxa de crescimento. O ensaio de digestibilidade teve como principal objectivo determinar qual das dietas testadas proporcionaria melhores valores de utilização digestiva por parte dos animais. Tendo em conta os resultados dos ensaios e as condições experimentais em que se realizaram, verificou-se que a substituição até 40% não afecta significativamente o desempenho zootécnico das douradas. ABSTRACT; The incorporation of alternative protein sources in fish diets has been the aim of many scientific experiments in animal nutrition. ln this study, the main objective was to evaluate the ideal level of wheat gluten incorporation in substitution of fishmeal in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L). To reach this objective, two experiments were carried out, in which growth and digestibility were studied. The aim of the growth experiment was to evaluate the maximum level of fish meal substitution by wheat gluten (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%), without affecting significantly the animals growth rate. The digestibility experiment took place to evaluate which animals presented better food utilization with the tested diets (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%). Observing the results of these two experiments, it was concluded that the substitution until 40% did not affect significantly the performance of the fishes.