SARS对中国入境旅游人数影响的研究

今年爆发的SARS对中国旅游业冲击很大。本文利用双变量ARIMA模型,结合突发事件后人的心理发展变化曲线研究本次突发事件对入境旅游人数的影响。根据同类事件旅游心理恢复期的研究,结合中国实际情况,笔者讨论了恢复期分别为12、18、24个月时,SARS对入境旅游人数的影响。当恢复期为12个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1796%,入境旅游人数共减少238493万人次;当恢复期为18个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1707%,入境旅游人数共减少311703万人次;当恢复期为24个月时,入境旅游同比增长率

SARS控制与预警地理信息系统

针对我国当前非典型肺炎(SARS)疫情防治工作的迫切需求,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所基于其在地理信息科研领域具有大型国产GIS软件平台(SuperMAP)及其在辅助决策空间信息模型工具等方面的科研优势,紧急研制了“国家SARS疫情控制与预警信息系统”。该系统由五个子系统构成,是一个将空间定位、空间信息管理、空间信息分析技术和通信技术进行有机的整合,形成了前后端一体的SARS疫情实时传输、处理、分析和分布完整的信息系统。在SARS疫情的信息采集、管理、分析及其防治与监控措施的发布等方面发挥了重要的作用。

SARS控制与预警地理信息系统的研制与应用

针对中国当前非典型肺炎(SARS)疫情防治工作的迫切需求,作者基于其在地理信息科研领域具有大型国产GIS软件平台(SuperMAP)及其在辅助决策空间信息模型工具等方面的科研优势,紧急研制了“国家SARS疫情控制与预警信息系统”。该系统由5个子系统构成,是一个将空间定位、空间信息管理、空间信息分析技术和通信技术进行有机的整合,形成了前后端一体的SARS疫情实时传输、处理、分析和分布完整的信息系统。在SARS疫情的信息采集、管理、分析及其防治与监控措施的发布等方面发挥了重要的作用。

Structural and functional basis for ADP-ribose and poly(ADP-ribose) binding by viral macro domains.

Macro domains constitute a protein module family found associated with specific histones and proteins involved in chromatin metabolism. In addition, a small number of animal RNA viruses, such as corona- and toroviruses, alphaviruses, and hepatitis E virus, encode macro domains for which, however, structural and functional information is extremely limited. Here, we characterized the macro domains from hepatitis E virus, Semliki Forest virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The crystal structure of the SARS-CoV macro domain was determined at 1.8-Å resolution in complex with ADP-ribose. Information derived from structural, mutational, and sequence analyses suggests a close phylogenetic and, most probably, functional relationship between viral and cellular macro domain homologs. The data revealed that viral macro domains have relatively poor ADP-ribose 1"-phosphohydrolase activities (which were previously proposed to be their biologically relevant function) but bind efficiently free and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1-bound poly(ADP-ribose) in vitro. Collectively, these results suggest to further evaluate the role of viral macro domains in host response to viral infection.

ADP-Ribose-1"-Monophosphatase: a Conserved Coronavirus Enzyme That Is Dispensable for Viral Replication in Tissue Culture

Replication of the ~30-kb plus-strand RNA genome of coronaviruses and synthesis of an extensive set of subgenome-length RNAs are mediated by the replicase-transcriptase, a membrane-bound protein complex containing several cellular proteins and up to 16 viral nonstructural proteins (nsps) with multiple enzymatic activities, including protease, polymerase, helicase, methyltransferase, and RNase activities. To get further insight into the replicase gene-encoded functions, we characterized the coronavirus X domain, which is part of nsp3 and has been predicted to be an ADP-ribose-1"-monophosphate (Appr-1"-p) processing enzyme. Bacterially expressed forms of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus X domains were shown to dephosphorylate Appr-1"-p, a side product of cellular tRNA splicing, to ADP-ribose in a highly specific manner. The enzyme had no detectable activity on several other nucleoside phosphates. Guided by the crystal structure of AF1521, an X domain homolog from Archaeoglobus fulgidus, potential active-site residues of the HCoV-229E X domain were targeted by site-directed mutagenesis. The data suggest that the HCoV-229E replicase polyprotein residues, Asn 1302, Asn 1305, His 1310, Gly 1312, and Gly 1313, are part of the enzyme's active site. Characterization of an Appr-1"-pase-deficient HCoV-229E mutant revealed no significant effects on viral RNA synthesis and virus titer, and no reversion to the wild-type sequence was observed when the mutant virus was passaged in cell culture. The apparent dispensability of the conserved X domain activity in vitro indicates that coronavirus replicase polyproteins have evolved to include nonessential functions. The biological significance of the novel enzymatic activity in vivo remains to be investigated.