Estudio de las propiedades de biodiesel obtenido a partir de aceites de la república tunecina

El sector del transporte es un gran consumidor de energía con un 30 % de la energía utilizada en el mundo. Esa demanda energética está dirigida prioritariamente a los derivados del petróleo, un recurso que se agota, concentrado en países políticamente inestables y causante del calentamiento global por efecto invernadero. Dada esta situación y al aumento de la demanda y precio es necesaria la búsqueda de alternativas para su uso como combustible. Una de las alternativas más viables es el biodiesel, ya que posee características similares al diesel y puede ser usado como sustituto sin tener que realizar grandes modificaciones en el motor. El proyecto tiene como objetivo el estudio de los ésteres etílicos de ácidos grasos (FAEEs) obtenidos a partir de aceites tunecinos para establecer una correlación entre su composición y sus propiedades. Las propiedades estudiadas han sido la viscosidad cinemática, densidad, número de cetano, estabilidad a la oxidación, punto de niebla, punto de fluidez y punto de obstrucción de filtros en frío con los aceites de las siguientes plantas: Ecballium elaterium, Sylibum marianum, Ammi visnaga, Datura stramonium, Citrullus colocynthis Shard, y un aceite de Sardinops sagax tunecino (Aceite de sardina). El motivo por el cual se han seleccionado estos aceites es por su escasa investigación para su uso como combustible, siendo de gran interés estimar su rentabilidad para una posible explotación.

Managing small-scale commercial fisheries for adaptive capacity: Insights from dynamic social-ecological drivers of change in Monterey Bay

Globally, small-scale fisheries (SSFs) are driven by climate, governance, and market factors of social-ecological change, presenting both challenges and opportunities. The ability of small-scale fishermen and buyers to adapt to changing conditions allows participants to survive economic or environmental disturbances and to benefit from optimal conditions. This study presented here identifies key large-scale factors that drive SSFs in California to shift focus among targets and that dictate long-term trends in landings. We use Elinor Ostrom’s Social-Ecological System (SES) framework to apply an interdisciplinary approach when identifying potential factors and when understanding the complex dynamics of these fisheries. We analyzed the interactions among Monterey Bay SSFs over the past four decades since the passage of the Magnuson Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976. In this region, the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and market squid (Loligo opalescens) fisheries comprise a tightly linked system where shifting focus among fisheries is a key element to adaptive capacity and reduced social and ecological vulnerability. Using a cluster analysis of landings, we identified four modes from 1974 to 2012 that were dominated by squid, sardine, anchovy, or lacked any dominance, enabling us to identify external drivers attributed to a change in fishery dominance during seven distinct transition points. Overall, we show that market and climate factors drive the transitions among dominance modes. Governance phases most dictated long-term trends in landings and are best viewed as a response to changes in perceived biomass and thus a proxy for biomass. Our findings suggest that globally, small-scale fishery managers should consider enabling shifts in effort among fisheries and retaining existing flexibility, as adaptive capacity is a critical determinant for social and ecological resilience.

Determinación de las áreas de pesca para la captura comercial de recursos pelágicos

Los peces pelágicos constituyen los recursos explotados de mayor importancia comercial como la anchoveta (Engraulis rinqens J.), sardina (Sardinoos sagax sagax), Jurel (trachurus murphyi), caballa (Scomber japonicus peruanus). la abundancia de dichos recursos ha acrecentado de tal forma que actualmente la explotación de los mismos afronta !imitaciones de carácter tecnológico y administrativo, incluyendo deficiencias en el equipo de detección hidroacústica, pesca, transporte, comercialización, la acción no coordinada de la flota v la falta de información regular sobre localización y concentración de zonas de pesca. La presencia de estos recursos ofrecen sin lugar a dudas la posibilidad concreta de beneficio nacional, y la respuesta a grandes problemas socio-económicos, como son la alimentación popular y la captación de divisas vía exportación para el desarrollo del país.

Gamasida (Arachnida: Acari) Edáficos de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Physical mapping of 18S rDNA and heterochromatin in species of family Lygaeidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Fragm. lat. I 36 - Historia Romana XVI c. 14 - 20

Trägerband: "Hauptschießen mit dem Stahlbogen... 1573 u. 1578"; Vorbesitzer: Stadtarchiv Frankfurt am Main

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Greek version by Paeanius.

Primary data sets of the hydrographic atlas of the Southern Ocean

The general knowledge of the hydrographic structure of the Southern Ocean is still rather incomplete since observations particularly in the ice covered regions are cumbersome to be carried out. But we know from the available information that thermohaline processes have large amplitudes and cover a wide range of scales in this part of the world ocean. The modification of water masses around Antarctica have indeed a worldwide impact, these processes ultimately determine the cold state of the present climate in the world ocean. We have converted efforts of the German and Russian polar research institutions to collect and validate the presently available temperature, salinity and oxygen data of the ocean south of 30°S latitude. We have carried out this work in spite of the fact that the hydrographic programme of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) will provide more new information in due time, but its contribution to the high latitudes of the Southern Ocean is quite sparse. The modified picture of the hydrographic structure of the Southern Ocean presented in this atlas may serve the oceanographic community in many ways and help to unravel the role of this ocean in the global climate system. This atlas could only be prepared with the altruistic assistance of many colleagues from various institutions worldwide who have provided us with their data and their advice. Their generous help is gratefully acknowledged. During two years scientists from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in St. Petersburg and the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven have cooperated in a fruitful way to establish the atlas and the archive of about 38749 validated hydrographic stations. We hope that both sources of information will be widely applied for future ocean studies and will serve as a reference state for global change considerations.