C. Plinii Secundi novocomensis Epistolarum libri X [Texto impreso] ; eiusdem panegyricus Traiano principi dictus ; eiusdem de viris illustrib. in re militari [et] in administrandie rep. ; suetonij tranquilli de claris grammaticis, rhetoribus...

Copia digital: Biblioteca Valenciana, 2011

ATPase activity of Escherichia coli Rep helicase crosslinked to single-stranded DNA: implications for ATP driven helicase translocation.

To examine the coupling of ATP hydrolysis to helicase translocation along DNA, we have purified and characterized complexes of the Escherichia coli Rep protein, a dimeric DNA helicase, covalently crosslinked to a single-stranded hexadecameric oligodeoxynucleotide (S). Crosslinked Rep monomers (PS) as well as singly ligated (P2S) and doubly ligated (P2S2) Rep dimers were characterized. The equilibrium and kinetic constants for Rep dimerization as well as the steady-state ATPase activities of both PS and P2S crosslinked complexes were identical to the values determined for un-crosslinked Rep complexes formed with dT16. Therefore, ATP hydrolysis by both PS and P2S complexes are not coupled to DNA dissociation. This also rules out a strictly unidirectional sliding mechanism for ATP-driven translocation along single-stranded DNA by either PS or the P2S dimer. However, ATP hydrolysis by the doubly ligated P2S2 Rep dimer is coupled to single-stranded DNA dissociation from one subunit of the dimer, although loosely (low efficiency). These results suggest that ATP hydrolysis can drive translocation of the dimeric Rep helicase along DNA by a "rolling" mechanism where the two DNA binding sites of the dimer alternately bind and release DNA. Such a mechanism is biologically important when one subunit binds duplex DNA, followed by subsequent unwinding.

Rep protein of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus has an ATPase activity required for viral DNA replication.

The Rep protein of geminiviruses is the sole viral protein required for their DNA replication. The amino acid sequence of Rep protein contains an NTP binding consensus motif (P-loop). Here we show that purified Rep protein of tomato yellow leaf curl virus expressed in Escherichia coli exhibits an ATPase activity in vitro. Amino acid exchanges in the P-loop sequence of Rep causes a substantial decrease or loss of the ATPase activity. In vivo, mutant viruses carrying these Rep mutations do not replicate in plant cells. These results show that ATP binding by the Rep protein of geminiviruses is required for its function in viral DNA replication.

Report and findings : transmitted to the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, July 30, 2010 and released publicly pursuant to H. Res. 895 of the 110th Congress as amended [subject, Rep. Solomon P. Ortiz] /

"July 2010."

Report and findings : transmitted to the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct on July 30, 2010 and released publicly pursuant to H. Res. 895 of the 110th Congress as amended [subject, Rep. Robert B. Aderholt] /

Shipping list no.: 2011-0263-P.

Apuntes para la historia de la Rep�ublica Oriental del Uruguay desde el a�no de 1810 hasta el de 1852; basados en documentos aut�enticos p�ublicos �e in�editos y en otros datos originales, extraidos de los archivos y bibliotecas nacionales y particulares de Europa y de la Am�erica de or�igen ibero y robustecidos por la tradicion oral de testigos oculares de los hechos.

No more published.

Clavis Theologie [sive Rep[er]toriu[m] revere[n]di p[at]ris Petri Keschinger de Ordine Mino[rum] in summa[m] doctor[is] irrefragabilis Alexandri de Hales]

Mode of access: Internet.

Rerum memorabilium iam inde ab anno Domini M.D. ad annum fere LX in Rep. Christiana gestarum libri quinque : ex plerisque... historiographis, praecipue autem D. Fontano... & Ioanne Sleidano collecti /

CCBE S. XVI

Summa de la doctrina christiana : compuesta por preguntas y respuestas, para prouecho y vtilidad de la rep. christiana /

Mode of access: Internet.

C. Plinii Secundi Nouocomensis Epistolarum libri X : Panegyricus Traiano principi dictus. De viris illustribus in re militari, & Administranda Rep. : Item Suetonii Tranquilli de Claris Grammaticis & Rhetoribus Iulii Obsequentis Prodigiorum liber : Indices duo ...

ICCU,

Rate predation on the nesting of Caretta caretta because of Ocypode cursor in Calheta de Pau beach, Boa Vista Island (Cape Verde Rep.)

[EN] Located in the Cape Verde Archipelago is one of the most important nesting population of Caretta caretta, Boa Vista Island being the principal nesting area. This population has been subject of research since 1998.

An?lisis cr?tico del discurso de los memes alusivos al debate sobre paramilitarismo (2014) del Congreso de la Rep?blica de Colombia [recurso electr?nico]

El meme es un tipo de Texto Multimodal que puede ser compuesto por im?genes, ilustraciones est?ticas, o fotos digitalizadas de figuras humanas, animales u objetos, que representan una intenci?n o gesto humor?stico en relaci?n con un texto escrito concreto, adherido a la imagen. Esta composici?n de im?genes y palabras tiene como fin expresar a trav?s del dibujo o personaje, una posici?n o visi?n sat?rica ante una situaci?n descrita y contextualizada en lenguaje escrito; aquello entrev? una narrativa en torno a acontecimientos sociales vigentes. El Debate sobre paramilitarismo que tuvo lugar en el Congreso de la Rep?blica de Colombia a mediados del a?o 2014, gener? durante su transcurso una amplia producci?n y difusi?n de memes en las redes sociales, en los que se evidenciaron las distintas reacciones que produjeron en los colombianos, las situaciones y sucesos desarrollados en el Debate. Desde la perspectiva del An?lisis del Discurso, se analiz? una muestra que const? de cuatro memes para determinar su naturaleza enunciativa y su rol como veh?culo de opini?n.

Geminivirus Rep Protein Interferes with the Plant DNA Methylation Machinery and Modifies the Host Epigenome

The apparent simplicity of viruses hides the complexity of their interactions with their hosts. Viruses are masters at circumventing host defenses and manipulating the cellular environment for their own benefit. The replication of the largest known family of single-stranded DNA viruses, Geminiviridae, is impaired by DNA methylation and Arabidopsis mutants affected in cytosine methylation are hypersusceptible to geminivirus infection. This implies that plants might use methylation as a defense against geminiviruses and that the viral genome is a target for plant DNA methyltransferases. We have found a novel counter-defense strategy used by geminiviruses, that reduces the expression of the plant maintenance DNA methyltransferases, MET1 and CMT3, in both, locally and systemically infected tissues. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the virus-mediated repression of these two maintenance DNA methyltransferases is widely spread among different geminivirus species. Additionally, we identified Rep as the geminiviral protein responsible for the repression of MET1 and CMT3, and another viral protein, C4, as an ancillary player in MET1 downregulation. The presence of Rep, suppresses TGS of an Arabidopsis transgene and of host loci whose expression is strongly controlled by CG methylation. Bisulfite sequencing analyses showed that the expression of Rep caused a substantial reduction in the levels of DNA methylation at CG sites. Our findings suggest that Rep, the only viral protein essential for geminiviral replication, displays TGS suppressor activity through a mechanism distinct from the one thus far described for geminiviruses.