970 resultados para Relevância


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Autism constitutes one of the most important pathologies of the pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). It has early age-onset and is characterized by delay and deviance of social, communicative and cognitive development. Today, the presence of genetic factors in its etiology is well known, with familial recurrence of autism and other psychiatric conditions. Autism does not have usual Mendelian inheritence and presents genetic heterogeneity. Strong association has been found between autism and the fragile X syndrome (FMR-1 gene) and with tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville's syndrome). However, many different chromosomal abnormalities were recently described in autistic patients, mainly of chromosome 7 and 15. There are some genes on 15q11-q13 whose products have expression in the central nervous system, mainly synapses, which are subunits of neurotransmitters or ion channels (UBE3A, GABRA5, GABRB3, GABRG3, CHRNA7 e ITO). Some regions of chromosome 7 also have important developmental genes, as EN-2 and HOXA, which act on central nervous system formation. There seems then to exist genes associated with autism etiology on chromosomes 7,15 and X. The detailed study of these chromosomes can produce knowledgment about the biological mechanisms involved in this disturbance.

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Background: The relevance of the remodeling pattern in the model of infarcted rats is not known. Objective: To analyze the presence of different patterns of remodeling in this model and its functional implications. Methods: Infarcted rats (n=47) have been divided according to the geometry pattern, analyzed by echocardiogram: normal (normal mass index and normal relative thickness), concentric remodeling (normal mass index and increased relative thickness), concentric hypertrophy (increased mass index and increased relative thickness) and eccentric hypertrophy (increased mass index and normal relative thickness). Data are median and interquartile range. Results: Infarcted rats showed only two of the four geometric patterns: normal pattern (15%) and eccentric hypertrophy - EH (85%). Groups of normal pattern and EH showed no differences in the values of fractional area change (Normal = 32.1-28.8 to 50.7; EH = 31.3-26.5 to 36.7; p = 0.343). Out of the infarcted animals, 34 (74%) had systolic dysfunction, detected by fractional area change. Considering these two geometry patterns, 77% of animals with eccentric hypertrophy and 57% with normal geometry presented systolic dysfunction (p=0.355). The relative wall thickness, the geometric patterns and the body mass index were not predictors of ventricular dysfunction (p>0.05). On the other hand, infarct size was a predictive factor for ventricular dysfunction in univariate analysis (p<0.001) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Rats that underwent coronary occlusion showed two different patterns of remodeling, which do not constitute a predictor of ventricular dysfunction.

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Since the 1990s, research into indigenous history has grown both quantitatively and qualitatively in Brazilian academia. Nevertheless the concepts of ethnohistory and indigenous history have been frequently used imprecisely. This article discusses the concept of ethnohistory and its development. Also, it discusses the interdisciplinary character of research into indigenous history and its social relevance. Questions are also raised about the training of human resources for teaching, the research into indigenous history, the teaching of it in the context of basic education and the professional ethics of the researcher.

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Objective: This prospective randomized trial evaluated if there is an improvement in clinical outcomes when assisted hatching is performed in embryos derived from vitrified oocytes in an ovum donation program. Methods: Sixty oocyte recipients undergoing donation program using egg-cryobanking were randomly allocated to the assisted hatched (AH, n=30) or control group (n=30). Pregnancy and implantation rates were compared between the groups. Vitrification and warming procedure were carried out according to the Cryotopmethod. Immediately before embryo transfer, embryos undergoing laser-assisted hatching had the zona pellucida thinned using a 1.48 μm wavelength diode laser. Results: A total of 288 vitrified MII oocytes were warmed for the 60 recipients (4.8 oocytes per recipient). Out of 288 vitrified oocytes, 273 (94.8%) survived. All surviving oocytes were sperm injected and 228 displayed 2 pronucleus 16-18h after injection (83.5%). There were 172 good quality embryos transferred. Twenty four patients achieved clinical pregnancy (total pregnancy rate of 40%). The clinical pregnancy rate did not differ between AH and control groups (44.4% and 33.3%, respectively, p=0.1967), however AH resulted in a significant higher implantation rate (31.6% and 18.4%, p=0.0206). These findings were confirmed by the regression models either for pregnancy (OR = 1.14; IC 95% = 0.80-.72; p= 0.766), as for the implantation rate (RC:19.45, P=0.041). Conclusions: Our evidences demonstrated the effectiveness of the AH in embryos derived from warmed oocytes and suggest that oocyte cryopreservation is a valuable tool to provide successful outcomes in an egg donor program. © Todos os direitos reservados a SBRA - Sociedade Brasileira de Reprodução Assistida.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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O presente trabalho apresenta uma análise descritiva desenvolvida com base em um corpus de 50 textos, do gênero publicitário, cujo objetivo é verificar como se processa a estratégia cognitiva, fundamental ao processamento textual e à construção de sentido, denominada de inferência. Partindo do pressuposto de que a atividade humana comunicativa perpassa por três peças-chave, integrativas e indissociáveis, que são o emissor, o texto e o receptor. Procurou-se estabelecer o papel da cada um desses elementos no processamento de inferências, tendo por base teórica dois ramos da Lingüística: 1) A Linguística Textual, que esmiuça o seu principal elemento-chave, o texto, enfatizando que atividades e processamentos cognitivos, mais especificamente a inferenciação, são utilizados; 2) A Pragmática, que vem subsidiando a Lingüística Textual, com a Teoria da Relevância de Sperber e Wilson (1986), na qual se buscam considerações pertinentes sobre o modo como a informação é representada na mente e como a mesma é processada inferencialmente.

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O presente trabalho traz como perspectiva analisar o desempenho dos movimentos sociais de base (associativismo e cooperativismo) na trajetória da construção do desenvolvimento, através do estudo comparativo entre uma associação de produtores familiares de Agave Sisalana no interior da Bahia, (APAEB) – Associação do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e Solidário da Região Sisaleira, e uma cooperativa de beneficiamento e verticalização da produção de açaí, a Cooperativa Agroindustrial de Trabalhadores e Produtores Rurais de Igarapé-Miri (COOPFRUT), instalada no interior do Estado do Pará. Os objetos se mostraram instigantes à pesquisa, uma vez que o primeiro permanece com suas atividades há 31 anos, mediantes várias questões adversas, como baixo preço de mercado do produto e falta de apoios pontuais, enquanto que a segunda contou com aportes iniciais do governo e possui preço do principal produto bastante superior ao primeiro. As reflexões teóricas estão pautadas às estratégias de desenvolvimento local/regional de base endógena e/ou bem adaptada, como a agricultura familiar, cooperativismo e associativismo, desempenho institucional e capital social, demonstrando que estas estratégias, aliadas às políticas públicas adequadas às mais variadas situações e regiões, são capazes de promover desenvolvimento socioeconômico em qualquer parte. Enquanto elemento de coleta de dados primários foi utilizado o questionário desenvolvido pelo Banco Mundial (BANCO MUNDIAL, 2003), sobre capital social, com integrantes da APAEB, bem como alguns dos ex-integrantes da COOPFRUT (número reduzido em virtude da deserção do grupo após o encerramento das atividades da Cooperativa). Como principais resultados destacamos a existência de capital social em ambos os objetos de estudo. Entretanto, as principais diferenças estão no nível de capital humano dos funcionários e na gestão, sendo interna no primeiro objeto e externa no segundo. Como principais conclusões, apresentamos a relevância da presença de capital social nos movimentos sociais como os que foram pesquisados, da atores providos de um razoável grau de instrução e da atuação de atores socialmente hábeis, capazes de induzir o grupo à cooperação, conforme teoria apresentada por Fligstein (2007).

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Este artigo propõe-se a refletir como as trajetórias pessoal e profissional de Helena Antipoff (1892-1974), aliadas às suas convicções de que a intervenção e transformação do real decorrem do conhecimento acumulado, da experiência e do desejo de ampliar o bem comum são elementos que vão construindo acervos pessoais, a partir dessa triangulação. Esta construção se funda mais nas práticas e ações do que na intenção de elaborar um acervo, mas termina por compor a construção de uma memória, articulada à formação do “Centro de Documentação e Pesquisa Helena Antipoff” – Ibirité-MG. Nascida na Rússia e tendo vivido no Brasil no período de 1929-1974, a educadora destacou-se por ações socialmente relevantes fundadas na organização do estudo e da pesquisa nos campos da psicologia, da educação e da educação rural, sendo estas duas últimas objetos de nossa pesquisa documental e análises.

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Introduction: In the Web environment, there is a need for greater care with regard to the processing of descriptive and thematic information. The concern with the recovery of information in computer systems precedes the development of the first personal computers. Models of information retrieval have been and are today widely used in databases specific to a field whose scope is known. Objectives: Verify how the issue of relevance is treated in the main computer models of information retrieval and, especially, as the issue is addressed in the future of the Web, the called Semantic Web. Methodology: Bibliographical research. Results: In the classical models studied here, it was realized that the main concern is retrieving documents whose description is closest to the search expression used by the user, which does not necessarily imply that this really needs. In semantic retrieval is the use of ontologies, feature that extends the user's search for a wider range of possible relevant options. Conclusions: The relevance is a subjective judgment and inherent to the user, it will depend on the interaction with the system and especially the fact that he expects to recover in your search. Systems that are based on a model of relevance are not popular, because it requires greater interaction and depend on the user's disposal. The Semantic Web is so far the initiative more efficient in the case of information retrieval in the digital environment.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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In the LTP (Long-Term Potentiation) model of learning and memory formation, elaborated in the context of molecular neurobiology, the opening of NMDA (N-Metyl-D-Aspartate) channels to entry of calcium ions into the post-synaptic neuron depends on two excitatory events: the repeated activation of the post-synaptic neuron by only one pre-synaptic neuron (Alternative 1), or its concomitant activation by two or more pre-synaptic neurons (Alternative 2). With the purpose of testing these alternatives, in the context of Cognitive Psychology, we presented to 73 university students a sequence of slides, with the duration of 6 seconds each, containing sentences (one for each slide) considered as being relevant or irrelevant for the subjects. Relevant sentences (R1) were presented only one time, while irrelevant ones were divided in three groups: the first one with sentences presented only one time (I1), the second with sentences presented three times (I3) and the third with sentences presented five times (I5). We conjectured that relevant sentences presented only one time would mobilize two or more brain excitatory pathways (corresponding to Alternative 2 above), while repeated irrelevant sentences would progressively activate the same sensory pathway. After the presentation of the sentences, the subjects answered a written questionnaire with questions about each presented sentence. The results indicate a prevalence of correct answers to R1 over I1, I3 and I5, suggesting that the relevance factor has greater weight than repetition in the induction of declarative memories

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This study presents implications of the assumptions of a model of educational management based on the perspective of technical and instrumental rationality regarding fundamental studies of the Frankfurt School and Gentilini (2001). We analyzed the presence of such theoretical assumptions in the Complementary Education Program “Prof. Henrique Scabello” implemented in the city of Araraquara, SP. The results indicate that this model of educational management brings negative implications for the school investigated, and above all that adherence to the management model based on communicative rationality can favor the realization of a truly democratic school management.