Palvelukohteiden seudullinen opastussuunnitelma : Etelä-Pohjanmaa

Vuonna 2007 otettiin liikenne- ja viestintäministeriön asetuksella käyttöön uusia palvelukohteiden opastusmerkkejä ja tunnuksia. Samalla opastuksen ohjeistusta uusittiin. Etelä-Pohjanmaan, Pohjanmaan ja Keski-Pohjanmaan maakunnallinen palvelukohteiden opastussuunnitelma valmistui joulukuussa 2007. Etelä-Pohjanmaan maakunnan opastusstrategian yhtenä tavoitteena on seudullisten suunnitelmien laatiminen alueelle. Tämä suunnitelma antaa lähtökohdat opastelupien hankkimiselle ja on lupapäätösten tukena. Suunnitelmassa on esitetty suunnitelman laatimisen aikainen tilanne, johon tulee myöhemmin muutoksia – kohteita poistuu, tulee uusia ja olemassa olevien kohteiden palvelutarjonta voi muuttua, jolloin on tarvetta tarkistaa viitoitusta ja sen laajuutta. Suunnitelmaa ylläpidetään ajantasaisena suunnitelman laatimisen jälkeen. Suunnitelmassa on kartoitettu kaikki alueen palveluntarjoajat ja selvitetty palvelukohteiden viitoituskelpoisuudet niille kohteille, joille on määritelty tieliikenneasetuksessa palvelukohteen tunnus. Samalla on tarkennettu valtakunnallisten ohjeiden pohjalta opastusperiaatteet, joiden mukaan viitoitussuunnitelma on laadittu. Samoja periaatteita on noudatettu Keski-Pohjanmaalle vuonna 2010 laaditussa seudullisessa palvelukohteiden opastussuunnitelmassa. Suunnitelmaan sisältyvät maantie-, katu- ja yksityistieverkko. Suunnittelussa mukana oli kunnat: Alajärvi, Evijärvi, Ilmajoki, Isojoki, Jalasjärvi, Karijoki, Kauhajoki, Kauhava, Kurikka, Lappajärvi, Lapua, Seinäjoki, Soini, Teuva ja Vimpeli. Suunnittelutyön aikana järjestettiin kolme yleisötilaisuutta, jotka pidettiin Kauhajoella (28.3.2012), Seinäjoella (11.6.2012) ja Alajärvellä (11.10.2012). Tilaisuuksiin osallistui yhteensä 16 palvelukohteiden opastuksesta kiinnostunutta kuntalaista. Etelä-Pohjanmaalla kartoitettiin noin 790 kpl palvelukohdetta, joista viitoituskelpoisiksi kohteiksi valikoitui 389 kpl. Näiden lisäksi on jonkin verran kohteita, jotka viitoitetaan ilman tunnusta. Kohteet, joiden viitoituskriteerit eivät täyty palvelukohteena, viitoitetaan tarvittaessa mustapohjaisella osoiteviitalla. Nykyisin palvelukohteena viitoitettuja kohteita on Etelä-Pohjanmaan alueella 223 kpl, joten viitoituskelpoisten kohteiden määrä kasvaa oleellisesti nykyisestä (+74 %), jos kaikki suunnitelmassa esitetyt palvelukohteet toteuttavat viitoituksensa. Suunnitelma ei velvoita kohteen ylläpitäjiä hankkimaan palvelukohteiden viitoitusta, mutta antaa sille rajat, kuinka se on laajimmillaan mahdollista toteuttaa.

Euroopan tieteellisten kirjastojen liitto LIBER 40 vuotta

LIBERin 40-vuotinen tie pienestä vapaaehtoisuuden pohjalta toimivasta yhdistyksestä eurooppalaiseksi järjestöksi.

Kansainvälisen rajat ylittävän yhteistyön teemat sekä yhteistyötä tukevat toimenpiteet merialuesuunnittelussa – esimerkkialueina eteläinen ja keskinen Itämeri.

Merialuesuunnittelun avulla pyritään ennaltaehkäisemään merellä syntyviä konflikteja, jotka voivat tapahtua ympäristön ja eri toimintojen välillä. Merialuesuunnittelu on usealle Itämeren valtiolle melko uusi asia, mikä vaikuttaa kansainväliseen rajat ylittävään yhteistyöhön merialuesuunnittelussa. Valtioiden taustat sekä heidän tapansa järjestää merialuesuunnittelu osaksi kansallista toimintaa vaihtelee. Vuoden 2014 kesällä Euroopan parlamentti ja neuvosto julkaisi direktiivin, jonka mukaan rannikkoalueita omaavien valtioiden tulee toteuttaa merialuesuunnittelua ja laatia virallinen merialuesuunnitelma vuoteen 2021 mennessä. Direktiivissä mainitaan yhteistyö muiden valtioiden kanssa osana merialuesuunnittelua. Kansainvälistä rajat ylittävää yhteistyötä on toteutettu aiemmin useissa eri hankkeissa, myös merialuesuunnittelun hankkeissa. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan mitkä toimenpiteet tukevat kansainvälistä rajat ylittävää yhteistyötä merialuesuunnittelussa sekä mitkä ovat keskeisimmät merialuesuunnittelun teemat merialuesuunnittelussa Itämeren alueella. Tutkimuksen esimerkkialueina ovat eteläinen ja keskinen Itämeri. Tutkimusmenetelminä toimivat Itämeren alueen merialuesuunnittelukokousten havainnoinnit, ryhmä- ja yksilöhaastattelu sekä avointen paikkatietoaineistojen visualisointi. Keskeiset teemat, joista keskusteltiin paljon, olivat merenkulku sekä energiantuotanto. Teemojen valintaan vaikutti eri valtioiden intressit sekä säädökset, jotka ohjaavat merialuesuunnittelua. Teemojen sisäisten osa-alueiden painotus vaihteli eteläisellä ja keskisellä Itämerellä. Kukin teema sisältää useita eri osa-alueita, kuten kalastus sisältää kalojen elinalueet sekä kalastusalueet. Rajat ylittävää yhteistyötä tukevia toimenpiteitä koettiin olevan kommunikointi, yhteistyökehikon selkeys sekä yhteistyöhön sitoutuminen.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type Ii: Identification Of 30 Novel Mutations Among Latin American Patients.

In this study, 103 unrelated South-American patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) were investigated aiming at the identification of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) disease causing mutations and the possibility of some insights on the genotype-phenotype correlation The strategy used for genotyping involved the identification of the previously reported inversion/disruption of the IDS gene by PCR and screening for other mutations by PCR/SSCP. The exons with altered mobility on SSCP were sequenced, as well as all the exons of patients with no SSCP alteration. By using this strategy, we were able to find the pathogenic mutation in all patients. Alterations such as inversion/disruption and partial/total deletions of the IDS gene were found in 20/103 (19%) patients. Small insertions/deletions/indels (<22 bp) and point mutations were identified in 83/103 (88%) patients, including 30 novel mutations; except for a higher frequency of small duplications in relation to small deletions, the frequencies of major and minor alterations found in our sample are in accordance with those described in the literature.

Omentum For Mammary Disorders: A 30-year Systematic Review.

Although the safety of applying omentum to the female breast for total breast reconstruction is controversial, it has recently been used to treat certain mammary disorders as well. A systematic review was therefore conducted to analyze and establish the suitability and safety of applying omentum to the breast. Covereing the interval from January 1984 to December 2013, we performed searches in MEDLINE, Embase, SciELO, and Google-Scholar for original articles describing the applicability of greater omentum to the breast and its clinical complications. Sixty observational articles with 985 women were chosen. The main clinical indications were total breast reconstruction after mastectomy due to breast cancer (45 studies), radiation damage (23 studies), and congenital Poland syndrome (4 studies). Altogether, 273 complications were identified among the 985 women treated. The most frequent was flap necrosis (26.74 %). The most serious was injury to the digestive system (1.10 %). There was a 35.48 % incidence of local breast cancer recurrence in eight observational studies on oncological risk. Seven of the eight included only women with advanced cancer. One of these studies reported the incidence and relapse time predominantly according to the primary tumor size. Although the oncological risk remains unclear, there was a high volume of complications that affected the digestive system. These findings suggest that omentum has well established applicability, but only for total breast reconstruction of huge defects, where muscular/myocutaneous or perforator flaps may be unsuitable.

30 anos do Colégio Brasileiro de Ciências do Esporte : educação física e a construção de uma hegemonia

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

High Prevalence of Side Effects After Recombinant Human Thyrotropin-Stimulated Radioiodine Treatment with 30 mCi in Patients with Multinodular Goiter and Subclinical/Clinical Hyperthyroidism

Background: Treatment of multinodular goiters (MNGs) is highly controversial. Radioiodine (RAI) therapy is a nonsurgical alternative for the elderly who decline surgery. Recently, recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) has been used to augment RAI uptake and distribution. In this study, we determined the outcome of 30 mCi RAI preceded by rhTSH (0.1 mg) in euthyroid (EU) and hyperthyroid (subclinical/clinical) patients with large MNGs. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Forty-two patients (age, 43-80 years) with MNGs were treated with 30 mCi RAI after stimulation with 0.1 mg of rhTSH. Patients were divided into three groups, according to thyroid function: EU (n = 18), subclinically hyperthyroid (SC-H, n = 18), and clinically hyperthyroid (C-H, n = 6). All patients underwent a 90-day low-iodine diet before treatment, and those with clinical hyperthyroidism received methimazole 10 mg daily for 30 days. Serum TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and thyroglobulin were measured at baseline and at 24, 48, 72, 168 hours, and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months after therapy. Thyroid volume was assessed by computed tomography at baseline and every 6 months. Results: Patients had high iodine urinary excretion (308 +/- 108 mu g I/L) at baseline. TSH levels at baseline were within the normal range (1.5 +/- 0.7 mu U/mL) in the EU group and suppressed (< 0.3 mu U/mL) in the SC-H and C-H groups. After rhTSH, serum TSH peaked at 24 hours reaching 12.4 +/- 5.85 mu U/mL. After RAI administration, patients in both hyperthyroid groups had a higher increase in FT4 and TT3 compared with those in the EU group (p < 0.001). Thyroglobulin levels increased equally in all three groups until day 7. Thyroid volume decreased significantly in all patients. Side effects were more common in the SC-H and C-H groups (31.4% and 60.4%, respectively) compared with EU patients (17.8%). Permanent hypothyroidism was more prevalent in the EU group (50%) compared with the SC-H (11%) and C-H (16.6%) groups. Conclusions: Patients with MNG may have subclinical and clinical nonautoimmune iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. Despite a low-iodine diet and therapy with methimazole, hyperthyroid patients have a significantly higher increase in FT4 and TT3 levels after RAI ablation. This can lead to important side effects related mostly to the cardiac system. We strongly advise that patients with SC-H and C-H be adequately treated with methimazole and low-iodine diet aiming to normalize their hyperthyroid condition before rhTSH-stimulated treatment with RAI.

Severity of Oral Mucositis in Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and an Oral Laser Phototherapy Protocol: A Survey of 30 Patients

Background Data and Objective: Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the worst cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), and it causes severe morbidity. Laser phototherapy has been considered as an alternative therapy for prevention and treatment of OM. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and severity of OM in HCT patients subjected to laser phototherapy, and to discuss its effect on the oral mucosa. Patients and Methods: Information concerning patient age and gender, type of basic disease, conditioning regimen, type of transplant, absence or presence of pain related to the oral cavity, OM grade, and adverse reactions or unusual events were collected from 30 patients undergoing HCT (allogeneic or autologous). These patients were given oral laser phototherapy with a InGaAIP laser (660 nm and 40 mW) daily. The data were tabulated and their frequency expressed as percentages. Results: In the analysis of those with OM, it was observed that 33.4% exhibited grade I, 40% grade II, 23.3% grade III, and 3.3% grade IV disease. On the most critical post-HCT days (D+5 and D+8), it was observed that 63.3% of patients had grade I and 33.3% had grade II disease; no patients had grade III or IV disease in this period. This severity of OM was similar to that seen in other studies of laser phototherapy and OM. Conclusion: The low grades of OM observed in this survey show the beneficial effects of laser phototherapy, but randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings.

Spontaneous long and short-range ferroelectric ordering in Pb(0.55)La(0.30)TiO(3) ceramics

In this work, we investigated the temperature dependence of short and long-range ferroelectric ordering in Pb(0.55)La(0.30)TiO(3) relaxor composition. High-resolution x-ray powder diffraction measurements revealed a clear spontaneous macroscopic cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition in the PLT relaxor sample at similar to 60 K below the maximum of the dielectric constant peak (T(m)). Indeed, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that at 300 K (above T(m) but below the Burns temperature, T(B)) the long-range order structure corresponds to a macroscopic cubic symmetry, space group number 221 (Pm-3m), whereas the data collected at 20 K revealed a macroscopic tetragonal symmetry, space group number 99 (P4mm) with c/a=1.0078, that is comparable to that of a normal ferroelectric. These results show that for samples with tetragonal composition, the long-range ferroelectric order may be recovered spontaneously at cryogenics temperatures, in contrast to ferroelectric samples with rhombohedral symmetry. On the other hand, x-ray absorption spectroscopy investigations intriguingly revealed the existence of local tetragonal disorder around Ti atoms for temperatures far below T(m) and above T(B), for which the sample presents macroscopic tetragonal and cubic symmetries, respectively. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3431024]

Isotopic determination of silicon by mass spectrometry in plants and soils labeled with Si-30

A method for isotopic determination of silicon by mass spectrometry in plants and soils labeled with Si-30 is reported. The development of this method is for use with studies involving the physiological process of absorption, transport, and redistribution of Si in the soil-plant system by use of the stable isotope Si-30 as a tracer. The procedure leads to SiF4 formation, and the isotopic determination of Si was based on the measurements of the (SiF3+)-Si-28, (SiF3+)-Si-29, and (SiF3+)-Si-30 signals. Relative standard deviation of Si-30 abundance measurements (n = 6) were lower than 0.1%, and the detection limit was 0.5 mg Si (dry mass).

Xylitol production from DEO hydrolysate of corn stover by Pichia stipitis YS-30

Corn stover that had been treated with vapor-phase diethyl oxalate released a mixture of mono- and oligosaccharides consisting mainly of xylose and glucose. Following overliming and neutralization, a d-xylulokinase mutant of Pichia stipitis, FPL-YS30 (xyl3-a dagger 1), converted the stover hydrolysate into xylitol. This research examined the effects of phosphoric or gluconic acids used for neutralization and urea or ammonium sulfate used as nitrogen sources. Phosphoric acid improved color and removal of phenolic compounds. d-Gluconic acid enhanced cell growth. Ammonium sulfate increased cell yield and maximum specific cell growth rate independently of the acid used for neutralization. The highest xylitol yield (0.61 g(xylitol)/g(xylose)) and volumetric productivity (0.18 g(xylitol)/g(xylose) l) were obtained in hydrolysate neutralized with phosphoric acid. However, when urea was the nitrogen source the cell yield was less than half of that obtained with ammonium sulfate.

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 August 2010-30 September 2010

This article documents the addition of 229 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium hybrid, Alabama argillacea, Anoplopoma fimbria, Aplochiton zebra, Brevicoryne brassicae, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bucorvus leadbeateri, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium giganteum, Echinogammarus berilloni, Epimedium sagittatum, Fraxinus excelsior, Labeo chrysophekadion, Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, Paratrechina longicornis, Phaeocystis antarctica, Pinus roxburghii and Potamilus capax. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Acacia peregrinalis, Acacia crassicarpa, Bruguiera cylindrica, Delphacodes detecta, Tumidagena minuta, Dictyostelium macrocephalum, Dictyostelium discoideum, Dictyostelium purpureum, Dictyostelium mucoroides, Dictyostelium rosarium, Polysphondylium pallidum, Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium koreanum, Epimedium pubescens, Epimedium wushanese and Fraxinus angustifolia.