L’injonction thérapeutique à l’égard des toxicomanes : comparaison des systèmes français et québécois

In Canada, the total amount of accusations, in compliance with the laws on drugs, show a slight but constant progression. More than half of the sentences for drug-linked offenses have lead to incarceration, a third of the people sentenced for a simple drug possession have been jailed. The relevance of these sentences, making the Canadian detention centres populated with more drug addicts than the rehabilitation centres, is questionable. In France, legislation is mostly based on the December 31st, 1970 law: drug use and trafficking are severely punished. However, for a first arrest, the prosecutor can enjoin the arrestee to treatment: this is what is called therapeutic injunction. Even though therapeutic injunction spares substance users from a jail term, some limitations are encountered this measure is selective, based on social and judicial criteria, making it more forgiving than the average characteristics of drug addicts, it is only accepted and applied by half of the subjects. A specific inquiry has been done in a department in the Paris region, where drug addiction activity is abundant, and suggested a preventive role for the injunction in cases of recidivism. Global appreciation of the therapeutic injunction remains nuanced in a context of new measures in drug addiction, but it translates into the increasing necessity to introduce professional networks between the judicial and sanitary systems, intended for a young population dealing with the modern difficulties of social adaptation and high risk behaviour.

L’exécution des décisions des juridictions internationales des droits de l’homme: vers une harmonisation des systèmes régionau

Este artículo, que compara el régimen de ejecución de las sentencias de las cortes regionales de derechos humanos, demuestra que el enfoque estuvo concebido inicialmente de manera muy distinta. Al modelo judicial de ejecución de sentencias (modelo interamericano) se opone el modelo europeo de tipo político. Este estudio revela que la evolución, ya realizada a nivel europeo y apenas en gestación a nivel del continente latinoamericano, debería operar hacia un acercamiento en favor de un régimen mixto (cambiando el enfoque judicial con el político) y pluriinstitucional, asociando varios órganos, tanto a nivel regional como nacional. Frente a las resistencias semejantes de los Estados en cuanto a la ejecución de las sentencias (de naturaleza técnica y/o política), la respuesta única dada hasta hoy por todos los modelos ha sido de tipo no coercitivo

Une architecture sensible au contexte pour le développement des systèmes d'administration pour l'enseignement

The increasing use of mobile devices and wireless communication technologies has improved the access to web information systems. However, the development of these systems imposes new challenges mainly due to the heterogeneity of mobile devices, the management of context information, and the complexity of adaptation process. Especially in this case, these systems should be runable on a great number of mobile devices models. In this article, we describe a context-aware architecture that provides solutions to the challenges presented above for the development of education administration systems. Copyright 2009 ACM.

Séminaire sur la régulation des services d'infrastructure "eau et électricité"

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Les lacunes de l'État-providence et les réformes des systémes de retraite en Amérique Latine

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Le role des politiques monétaires et la convergence macroeconomique sur le développement des systèmes financiers dans les pays du sud de la Méditerranée. = The role of monetary policies and macroeconomic convergence in the development of financial systems in south Mediterranean countries. MEDPRO Technical Report No. 12/April 2012

This MEDPRO Technical Report shows that the monetary and exchange rate policies conducted by central banks in the South Mediterranean region display apparent homogeneity in their operational frameworks, albeit with some specificities and differing degrees of advancement. While central banks state that price stability is their ultimate objective, failures to control interest rates as operational objectives of monetary policy result in monetary authorities resorting to quantitative approaches to monetary policy, meaning that monetary aggregates and credit targets are being used as intermediate targets of monetary policy. An econometric exercise limited to Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia) has been conducted to analyse the potential scenarios of convergence and monetary policy coordination. Given the high structural heterogeneity and the slow pace of real convergence due to weak commercial integration in the Maghreb, results nevertheless show alternative dynamics in the integration of effective nominal exchange rates, as well as a complete convergence dynamic in exchange rate policies. Partial convergence of monetary policies regarding the stabilisation of inflation rates remains an open option for a transitional phase where financial integration is low.

Traité d'anatomie et de physiologie végétales : suivi de la nomenclature méthodique ou raisonnée des parties extérieures des plantes et un exposé succint des systêmes de botanique le plus généralement adoptés : ouvrage servant d'introduction a l'étude de la botanique /

Contiene: Tome I (378 p., 2 tab. pleg., [2] h. lám. Sign.: A-Aa8). - Tome II (351 p., 5 tab. pleg., [15] h. lám. - Sign.: A-Y8)

Éléments de mécanique rédigés d'après les programmes d'admission pour l'École Polytechnique adoptés par l'Université Impériale: suivis d'additions relatives a la mécanique des systèmes de points matériels, extraites des lecons de mécanique physique, professées de 1838 a 1848, a la Faculté des Sciences de París, par M. Poncelet /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire comparèe des systèmes de philosophie considérés relativement aux principes des connaissances humaines /

Contiene: T. I (XLII, 502 p.) - T. II (405 p.)- T. III - T. IV.

Examen des doctrines médicales et des systèmes de nosologie : precédé de propositions renfermant la substance de la médecine physiologique /

Mode of access: Internet.

Élémens de statique : suivis de trois mémoires sur la composition des momens et des aires, sur le plan invariable du système du monde et sur la théorie générale de l'équilibre et du mouvement des systèmes /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire comparèe des systèmes de philosophie considérés relativement aux principes des connaissances humaines.

Contiene: T. I (XII, 448 p.) -- T. II (444 p.) - T. III (484 p.) -- T. IV (458 p.)