Genetic variation in a chilean endangered endemic: Gomortega keule (Molina) Baillon

Gomortega keule (Molina) Baillon is an endangered, rare species, the only representative of its genus, and endemic to Central Chile. Populations of this tree are now fragmented and few individuals can be found in any of them. Genetic diversity was studied in 33 individuals from three populations in Cauquenes, a coastal mountain area (35°58'S-72°41'W). Fifteen InterSimple Sequence Repeat primers were used to determine the degree of similarity between and within populations. This revealed that 30% of the variation exhibited was between populations while 70% was within; nevertheless individuals were clearly clustered in a pattern which reflected a narrow base of diversity. Three other species from the Laurales order were used in order to provide an external reference as to the degree of diversity. In addition, an external wild population from the native species, Peumus boldus, was used to verify the utility of the markers. We show that the primers are effective in quickly giving an estimate of the degree of diversity of a population, thus giving important topical information relevant to preserving endangered species. Aspects of the conservation and management policy for the species in order to maintain the remaining populations and to preserve the genetic resources are discussed.

O pensamento de Alberto Torres e Andrés Molina Enriquez e a constituição da organização nacional no Brasil e no México: diagnósticos e tratamentos para duas sociedades enfermas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anti-snake venom activities of extracts and fractions from callus cultures of Sapindus saponaria

Context: Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae) bark, root, and fruits are used as sedatives and to treat gastric ulcer and also demonstrate diuretic and expectorant effects. Objective: The anti-snake venom properties of callus of S. saponaria are investigated here for the first time. Materials and methods: In vitro cultivated callus of Sapindus saponaria were lyophilized, and the extracts were prepared with different solvents, before submitting to phytochemical studies and evaluation of the anti-ophidian activity. Crude extracts were fractionated by liquid-liquid partition and the fractions were monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Subsequently, anti-ophidian activities were analyzed toward Bothrops jararacussu Lacerda (Viperidae), B. moojeni Hoge (Viperidae), B. alternates Dumeril (Viperidea) and Crotalus durissus terrificus Lineu (Viperidae) venoms and isolated myotoxins and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). Results: Fractions A1, A2 and the extract in MeOH:H2O (9:1) significantly inhibited the toxic and pharmacological activities induced by snake venoms and toxins, when compared to other extracts and fractions. The lethal, clotting, phospholipase, edema-inducing, hemorrhagic and myotoxic activities were partially inhibited by the different extracts and fractions. TLC profiles of the crude extracts (B and C) and fractions (A1 and A2) showed beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol as their main compounds. Stigmasterol exhibited inhibitory effects on enzymatic and myotoxic activities of PLA(2). Discussion and conclusion: Sapindus saponaria extracts and fractions presented anti-ophidian activity and could be used as an adjuvant to serum therapy or for its supplementation, and in addition, as a rich source of potential inhibitors of enzymes involved in several pathophysiological human and animal diseases.

Baccharis subgen. Molina (Asteraceae) no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Baccharis compreende ca. 340 espécies distribuídas nas Américas. O indumento em tufos diminutos, formado por tricomas com uma única célula basal, e as flores funcionalmente unissexuais são caracteres diagnósticos do gênero. No estado do Rio de Janeiro ocorrem 55 espécies de Baccharis. O trabalho apresenta os resultados de estudos taxonômicos de Baccharis subgen. Molina (Pers.) Heering para a flora fluminense. No estado, o subgênero está representado por 18 espécies pertencentes a quatro seções - Caulopterae (8 spp.), Molinae (4 spp.), Baccharidastrum (3 spp.) e Trinervatae (3 spp.). É apresentada uma chave para a identificação das seções e espécies e descrições morfológicas, ilustrações, dados de distribuição geográfica e ecologia. Três espécies são novos registros e cinco são excluídas da lista de espécies do Rio de Janeiro.

El hijo pródigo en la poesía del '40 : Enrique Molina

La figura del hijo pródigo conforma, junto con otras de origen mitológico, la galería de símbolos axiales de la poesía neorromántica argentina del '40. Constituye un recurso retórico e imaginario de primer orden en el proceso de mitificación del sujeto, reconocible en la lírica de los poetas neorrománticos. La imagen bíblica se desarrolla en las transposiciones poéticas de un modo sistemático: reaparece en un número significativo de casos, en escritores vinculados a través de cenáculos literarios y revistas, en un lapso relativamente acotado de tiempo. Por otra parte, la condición sistemática del símbolo se verifica cuando su uso frecuente encuentra una motivación en la poética y en la visión del mundo de un autor. Tal es el caso de Enrique Molina, para quien el destino errante se asume como rasgo antropológico esencial. En su universo imaginario, el hijo pródigo tiene un valor axial, ya que reaparece con cierta frecuencia a partir de Pasiones terrestres (1946) como un medio para representar, a través de alusiones expresas y transposiciones, la ruptura del yo con el orden familiar y social heredados. En el presente estudio se propone considerar los poemas en los cuales Molina recrea la figura. La observación se concentra en el giro hermenéutico operado por el poeta en la materia bíblica original, los eventuales cauces de mediación que hacen posible este giro y su sentido en la obra literaria de Molina.

MOLINA, HEBE BEATRIZ. 2011. Como crecen los hongos: La novela argentina entre 1838-1872. Buenos Aires: Teseo.

Fil: Sánchez, María Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán